Program Design
Computer Languages
Exercises
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
The ( A ) is a language that was represented by long strings of ones and zeroes.
A,machine language B,high-level language
C,low-level language D,assembly language
The ( D ) maps machine instructions to human-readable mnemonics,
A,machine language B,high-level language
C,low-level language D,assembly language
The ( A ) turns the object file into an executable program.
A,linker B,compiler C,interpreter D,computer
The ( C ) is a software that translates instructions directly into actions.
A,inker B,compiler C,interpreter D,assembly language
Fill in the blanks.
Computer language include machine language,assembly language and higher-level languages
Higher-level languages let people work with something approximating words and sentences.
Programs use "user-friendly interfaces," involving multiple windows,menus,dialog boxes,
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
Compilers,however,introduce the extra steps of compiling and linking the code,which is inconvenient.
句子组成：which引导的是定语从句，修饰steps
翻译：但是编译程序却增加了一些额外的步骤来编译和链接代码，相比之下则不方便。
These languages let people work with something approximating words and sentences,such as Let I = 100.
句子组成：let sb,do sth,让某人做某事翻译：这些语言使用的是近似于人们常用的词语或语句，如Let I＝100。
Today's programs use sophisticated "user-friendly interfaces," involving multiple windows,menus,dialog boxes.
句子组成：involving 引导的做定语，修饰 user-friendly interfaces
翻译：今天，程序使用了复杂的“用户友好界面”，包含多重窗口、菜单、对话框。
Computer programming
Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
Computer programming is activity the of developing programs.
High-level languages strike a compromise between the precise meanings required by the machine and spoken language.
Coding is the stage in which the design is turned into steps which are expressed in a programming languages.
Computer programming is a costly and time-consuming activity.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
BASIC is one of the the common high-level languages,（ ）
The testing stage is to verify a program as being correct with the requirements and design specifications,（ ）
The design specifications is the most expensive stage of programming,（ ）
The maintenance stage is as expensive as testing,（ ）
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
Common high-level languages that are used to design applications programs include BASIC,C,COBOL and PASCAL.
句子组成：that 引导的定语从句，修饰 languages
翻译：一般用来设计应用程序的高级语言有：BASIC、C、COBOL和PASCAL。
A major activity in programming is the expressing of the steps of a program in one or more languages.
句子组成：expressing 做宾语 steps of a program in one or more languages 修饰
expressing
翻译：编程的主要工作就是用一种或多种语言表示程序的详细过程。
As an example,for a payroll program,requirements specify how many paychecks must be processed,and what calculations need to be performed.
句子组成：how many,what 引导的做宾语翻译：以工资管理程序程序为例，需求指定有多少工资必须处理，需要完成什么样的计算。
These include inventing higher-level languages or more powerful languages,inventing utility programs that assist programmers,and inventing new methods of programming,
句子组成：inventing 引导的作宾语，三个inventing 是并列结构翻译：其中包括发明更高级的或更强大的语言，发明实用程序以辅助程序员和发明新的编程方法。
Visual Basic
Exercises
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
The "Visual" part in Virtual Basic means the way used to create C,
The "Basic" part in Virtual Basic means the F programming language.
Using Visual Basic,you can simply add H into place on screen,
The E of Virtual Basic are related directly to the Windows GUI,
With A technologies you can use some applications,such as Microsoft Word and Excel,
The Visual Basic Iearning edition allows you to easily create applications for Microsoft Windows and G
D includes all the features of the Learning edition,plus other functions,
B includes all the features of the Professional edition,plus other functions,
A,ActiveX B,The Enterprise edition
C,GUI D,The Professional edition
E,statements,functions,and keywords F,BASIC
G,Windows NT H,pre-built objects
Fill in the blanks.
The BASIC language is used by more programmers than any other language.
Virtual Basic has a data access ability to create database.
Visual Basic has three versions.
The Enterprise edition allows professionals to create robust distributed applications in a team setting.
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
The "Basic" part refers to the BASIC language,a language used by more programmers than any other language.
句子组成：used 引导的作定语，修饰 language
翻译：Basic是指BASIC语言，这种语言的使用比其他任何语言都多。
Now it contains several hundred statements,functions,and keywords,many of which relate directly to the Windows GUI.
句子组成：which 引导的做定语从句翻译：现在已经有好几百条语句、函数、关键词，其中好多都是直接与Windows的图形用户界面（GUI）有关。
Whether your goal is to create a small utility for yourself or your work group or a large enterprise-wide system,Visual Basic has the tools you need.
句子组成：whether … or …不论 … 还是 …，这里作条件状语翻译：无论你是要创建个人还是工作组的小型实用程序或者企业级大型系统，Visual Basic都有能满足你要求的工具。
Debugging
Exercises
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
All of us expect the programs robust,bug-free,（True）
The revolution of the software industry is producing good,solid,bulletproof programs at low cost and on time,（True）
The earlier in the development process you find a problem,the more it costs to fix it,（False）
The most common bugs are poor logic and syntactic error,（True ）
With high-powered debuggers you should put your source code into the debugger,（True ）
Using debugger you can see each instruction as it executes,（True）
Using debugger you cannot examine your variables,（True）
Runtime bugs are easy to find,（ False ）
A powerful debugger can find nearly all of bugs,（True ）
Fill in the blanks.
The biggest expense in programming efforts is testing and fixing.
Syntactic error means that you used the wrong idiom,function,or structure.
A bigger problem than logic or syntactic bugs is unnecessary fragility.
Runtime bugs are the most difficult to find and squash,
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
The person who solves the problem of producing good,solid,bulletproof programs at low cost and on time will revolutionize the software industry.
句子组成：who 引导的做定语从句，修饰 person
翻译：谁能解决以低成本并及时交付性能良好、稳定、强大的程序这一问题，那么他就会给软件业带来革新。
A bigger problem than logic or syntactic bugs is unnecessary fragility,Your program works just fine if the user enters a number when you ask for one,but it crashes if the user enters letters.
句子组成：分号后的是一个并列句，but表转折翻译：比逻辑或语法错误更大的问题是不必要的脆弱性：当用户按要求输入一个数时，程序运行得很好；如果用户输入一些字母，程序就会崩溃。
A bulletproof program is one that can handle anything that comes up at runtime,from bizarre user input to running out of memory.
句子组成：that引导的做定语从句翻译：一个无坚不摧的程序能处理运行时出现的各种情况──从稀奇古怪的用户输入，到内存耗尽。
Runtime bugs are the hardest to find and squash,and a powerful debugger can make it possible to find nearly all of them.
句子组成：并列句翻译：运行时的错误最难找到和排除，功能强的调试程序可以帮你找出几乎所有的错误。
提高训练——语法知识并列句练习
Choose the best answers for the following sentences.
We must get up early tomorrow,(B ) we'll miss the first bus.
A,so B,or C,but D,however
I don't like chicken,(C) I like fish very much.
A,and B,or C,but D,still
Would you like a cup of coffee (C ) shall we get down to business right away?
A,and B,then C,or D,otherwise
She thought I was talking about her daughter,(C ) in fact,I was talking about my daughter.
A,and B,which C,while D,then
提高训练——写作知识引言与焦点范文
The paper’s topic is described computer programs.
A computer program is a set of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a specific task,For example,your favorite computer game is a program,In order for your computer to know how to play that game,you (or your parents) must first install the program from the game software - usually a CD,Installing the program means that you are copying the program or instructions that are stored on the CD on to your computer's hard drive,Programs can also be downloaded from the Internet directly to your hard drive.
Many programs (especially games) are very large and would take up lots of memory space on your hard drive,To keep that from happening,these programs are designed to only copy part of the program onto your computer,The rest of the program stays on the software,The program cannot be run from your computer unless you have the disk in the disk drive so that RAM can read the rest of the program from it.
练习
Translate the following sentences.
这篇文章主要是讲述了计算机编程的新方法。
在文章里，我将向大家介绍面向对象程序设计。
本文的主题是分析未来程序设计语言发展的趋势。
Writing.
写一篇短文介绍计算机语言的发展历史和特点，要求简单介绍机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言的简单发展历程和各自的特点（150个单词以上）。
Computer Languages
Exercises
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
The ( A ) is a language that was represented by long strings of ones and zeroes.
A,machine language B,high-level language
C,low-level language D,assembly language
The ( D ) maps machine instructions to human-readable mnemonics,
A,machine language B,high-level language
C,low-level language D,assembly language
The ( A ) turns the object file into an executable program.
A,linker B,compiler C,interpreter D,computer
The ( C ) is a software that translates instructions directly into actions.
A,inker B,compiler C,interpreter D,assembly language
Fill in the blanks.
Computer language include machine language,assembly language and higher-level languages
Higher-level languages let people work with something approximating words and sentences.
Programs use "user-friendly interfaces," involving multiple windows,menus,dialog boxes,
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
Compilers,however,introduce the extra steps of compiling and linking the code,which is inconvenient.
句子组成：which引导的是定语从句，修饰steps
翻译：但是编译程序却增加了一些额外的步骤来编译和链接代码，相比之下则不方便。
These languages let people work with something approximating words and sentences,such as Let I = 100.
句子组成：let sb,do sth,让某人做某事翻译：这些语言使用的是近似于人们常用的词语或语句，如Let I＝100。
Today's programs use sophisticated "user-friendly interfaces," involving multiple windows,menus,dialog boxes.
句子组成：involving 引导的做定语，修饰 user-friendly interfaces
翻译：今天，程序使用了复杂的“用户友好界面”，包含多重窗口、菜单、对话框。
Computer programming
Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
Computer programming is activity the of developing programs.
High-level languages strike a compromise between the precise meanings required by the machine and spoken language.
Coding is the stage in which the design is turned into steps which are expressed in a programming languages.
Computer programming is a costly and time-consuming activity.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
BASIC is one of the the common high-level languages,（ ）
The testing stage is to verify a program as being correct with the requirements and design specifications,（ ）
The design specifications is the most expensive stage of programming,（ ）
The maintenance stage is as expensive as testing,（ ）
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
Common high-level languages that are used to design applications programs include BASIC,C,COBOL and PASCAL.
句子组成：that 引导的定语从句，修饰 languages
翻译：一般用来设计应用程序的高级语言有：BASIC、C、COBOL和PASCAL。
A major activity in programming is the expressing of the steps of a program in one or more languages.
句子组成：expressing 做宾语 steps of a program in one or more languages 修饰
expressing
翻译：编程的主要工作就是用一种或多种语言表示程序的详细过程。
As an example,for a payroll program,requirements specify how many paychecks must be processed,and what calculations need to be performed.
句子组成：how many,what 引导的做宾语翻译：以工资管理程序程序为例，需求指定有多少工资必须处理，需要完成什么样的计算。
These include inventing higher-level languages or more powerful languages,inventing utility programs that assist programmers,and inventing new methods of programming,
句子组成：inventing 引导的作宾语，三个inventing 是并列结构翻译：其中包括发明更高级的或更强大的语言，发明实用程序以辅助程序员和发明新的编程方法。
Visual Basic
Exercises
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
The "Visual" part in Virtual Basic means the way used to create C,
The "Basic" part in Virtual Basic means the F programming language.
Using Visual Basic,you can simply add H into place on screen,
The E of Virtual Basic are related directly to the Windows GUI,
With A technologies you can use some applications,such as Microsoft Word and Excel,
The Visual Basic Iearning edition allows you to easily create applications for Microsoft Windows and G
D includes all the features of the Learning edition,plus other functions,
B includes all the features of the Professional edition,plus other functions,
A,ActiveX B,The Enterprise edition
C,GUI D,The Professional edition
E,statements,functions,and keywords F,BASIC
G,Windows NT H,pre-built objects
Fill in the blanks.
The BASIC language is used by more programmers than any other language.
Virtual Basic has a data access ability to create database.
Visual Basic has three versions.
The Enterprise edition allows professionals to create robust distributed applications in a team setting.
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
The "Basic" part refers to the BASIC language,a language used by more programmers than any other language.
句子组成：used 引导的作定语，修饰 language
翻译：Basic是指BASIC语言，这种语言的使用比其他任何语言都多。
Now it contains several hundred statements,functions,and keywords,many of which relate directly to the Windows GUI.
句子组成：which 引导的做定语从句翻译：现在已经有好几百条语句、函数、关键词，其中好多都是直接与Windows的图形用户界面（GUI）有关。
Whether your goal is to create a small utility for yourself or your work group or a large enterprise-wide system,Visual Basic has the tools you need.
句子组成：whether … or …不论 … 还是 …，这里作条件状语翻译：无论你是要创建个人还是工作组的小型实用程序或者企业级大型系统，Visual Basic都有能满足你要求的工具。
Debugging
Exercises
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
All of us expect the programs robust,bug-free,（True）
The revolution of the software industry is producing good,solid,bulletproof programs at low cost and on time,（True）
The earlier in the development process you find a problem,the more it costs to fix it,（False）
The most common bugs are poor logic and syntactic error,（True ）
With high-powered debuggers you should put your source code into the debugger,（True ）
Using debugger you can see each instruction as it executes,（True）
Using debugger you cannot examine your variables,（True）
Runtime bugs are easy to find,（ False ）
A powerful debugger can find nearly all of bugs,（True ）
Fill in the blanks.
The biggest expense in programming efforts is testing and fixing.
Syntactic error means that you used the wrong idiom,function,or structure.
A bigger problem than logic or syntactic bugs is unnecessary fragility.
Runtime bugs are the most difficult to find and squash,
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
The person who solves the problem of producing good,solid,bulletproof programs at low cost and on time will revolutionize the software industry.
句子组成：who 引导的做定语从句，修饰 person
翻译：谁能解决以低成本并及时交付性能良好、稳定、强大的程序这一问题，那么他就会给软件业带来革新。
A bigger problem than logic or syntactic bugs is unnecessary fragility,Your program works just fine if the user enters a number when you ask for one,but it crashes if the user enters letters.
句子组成：分号后的是一个并列句，but表转折翻译：比逻辑或语法错误更大的问题是不必要的脆弱性：当用户按要求输入一个数时，程序运行得很好；如果用户输入一些字母，程序就会崩溃。
A bulletproof program is one that can handle anything that comes up at runtime,from bizarre user input to running out of memory.
句子组成：that引导的做定语从句翻译：一个无坚不摧的程序能处理运行时出现的各种情况──从稀奇古怪的用户输入，到内存耗尽。
Runtime bugs are the hardest to find and squash,and a powerful debugger can make it possible to find nearly all of them.
句子组成：并列句翻译：运行时的错误最难找到和排除，功能强的调试程序可以帮你找出几乎所有的错误。
提高训练——语法知识并列句练习
Choose the best answers for the following sentences.
We must get up early tomorrow,(B ) we'll miss the first bus.
A,so B,or C,but D,however
I don't like chicken,(C) I like fish very much.
A,and B,or C,but D,still
Would you like a cup of coffee (C ) shall we get down to business right away?
A,and B,then C,or D,otherwise
She thought I was talking about her daughter,(C ) in fact,I was talking about my daughter.
A,and B,which C,while D,then
提高训练——写作知识引言与焦点范文
The paper’s topic is described computer programs.
A computer program is a set of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a specific task,For example,your favorite computer game is a program,In order for your computer to know how to play that game,you (or your parents) must first install the program from the game software - usually a CD,Installing the program means that you are copying the program or instructions that are stored on the CD on to your computer's hard drive,Programs can also be downloaded from the Internet directly to your hard drive.
Many programs (especially games) are very large and would take up lots of memory space on your hard drive,To keep that from happening,these programs are designed to only copy part of the program onto your computer,The rest of the program stays on the software,The program cannot be run from your computer unless you have the disk in the disk drive so that RAM can read the rest of the program from it.
练习
Translate the following sentences.
这篇文章主要是讲述了计算机编程的新方法。
在文章里，我将向大家介绍面向对象程序设计。
本文的主题是分析未来程序设计语言发展的趋势。
Writing.
写一篇短文介绍计算机语言的发展历史和特点，要求简单介绍机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言的简单发展历程和各自的特点（150个单词以上）。
