Unit 8 Computer Networking
Text 1 Data Communications
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the text.
The end equipment is either __generates the digital information for transmission_ or_ uses the received digital data.
When digital data are transmitted,they are _in serial form_.
_DTE___ is data terminal equipment.
_STACO is the corresponding unit at the secondaries.
Between the DTEs,first is _the modems_,and then is the communications equipment__.
_DCE__ accepts the serial data stream from the DTE.
At the transmit end,the modem can be considered a form of _digital-to-analog_ converter,while at the receive end,it can be considered a form of analog-to-digital__ converter.
DCE converts the received_ analog signal_ to a serial digital data stream_.
Multiple choices.
The end equipment in a communication system includes?_ABCD_,
A,computers B,CRTs
C,printers D,keyboards
The equipment?B_D__,
A,manipulates digital information internally in serial form
B,manipulates digital information internally in word units
C,transfers the number of bits in parallel
D,transfers the number of bits in serial form
DTE is?__BD_,
A,Digital T-carrier
B,data terminal equipment
C,satellite
D,the last piece of equipment that belonged to the subscriber in a data link system
There are AB_ between the DTEs.
A,the modem
B,communications equipment
C,digital-to-analog converter
D,will be replaced by an updated standard
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
This equipment generally operates digital information internally in word units.
句子组成：in word units介词短语作方式状语修饰operates
翻译：_这种设备通常在内部以字为单位处理数字信息_____
It converts the received analog signal to a serial digital data stream.
句子组成：convert……to指将……转换成……
翻译,它把接收到的模拟信号转换成串行数字数据流
Data communications equipment (DCE) accepts the serial data stream from the DTE.
句子组成：from the DTE修饰动词accept
翻译：数据通信设备（DCE）从DTE接收串行数据流
Reading comprehension.
Security is an important consideration in the Internet world,The computer has a way of knowing who you are,Most LANs or mainframes require each user to log in,or sign on to the system,To do this,you should type in your user ID before a prompt,You are then prompted for a password,Passwords are special codes you use to,lock” your account,Obviously you need to be careful about protecting your password if you are building nuclear power plants or something,but what about the rest of us? A student recently got some help from her friend on email,She gave him her password to a class account,and he wrote it down,Apparently some of his buddies found the password and logged in using the student’s user ID and password,and sent a very obscene message to the class,The student nearly lost her account,because she had been sloppy with her password.
Change you password regularly!
Some hints:
Don’t use your dog’s name,People will guess it.
Don’t use words in English,people can hook up spell checkers.
Consider combining words and numbers.
Answer the following questions according to the article above.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Security is an important consideration in the Internet world,
According to the passage,we know security is an important consideration __in the Internet world_.
Why the author thinks that is important to protect your password if you are building nuclear power plant or something?
Because the password may be used by other people
At last,the author give some hints,what are they?
They are,first,don’t use your dog’s name,People will guess it,Second,
don’t use words in English,people can hook up spell checkers,And last,consider combining words and numbers.
Text 2 Architecture of Computer Networks
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the text.
Computer network is a complex unit,it consists of two or more connected computing units.
Design of a network and its logical structure should comply with a set of design principles.
Two important network architectures are,the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model.
The _OSI__ model was created by the ISO.
Note that the OSI model itself is not a network architecture__.
TCP/IP is a communication protocol,it provides many different networking services.
The TCP/IP Internet protocol suite is formed from two standards,_the TCP__ and the IP__.
__TCP/IP__ is the foundation of the Internet as we know it today.
TCP means it is on the __transport__ layer and IP means it is on the __network__ layer separately.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
Design of a network and its logical structure should comply with a set of design principles,( √ )
The OSI model was not created by the ISO,( × )
The network architecture is a layer-based,( √ )
The OSI model is a foundation for all comparing protocols,( × )
The OSI model is a network architecture,( × )
The TCP/IP Internet protocol suite is formed from three standards,( × )
TCP means it is on the network layer and IP means it is on the transport layer separately,( × )
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
It is used for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing.
句子组成：it 代指计算机网络，for引导的短语结构修饰used
翻译：_它用于数据通信和资源共享。__________________
They include,the organization of functions,the description of data formats and procedure.
句子组成：include引导三个并列结构
翻译：其中包括：功能的组织以及数据格式和过程的说明。
However,ISO has also produced standards for all the layers.
句子组成：_however表语气的转折，for all the layers作目的状语_
翻译：_然而，ISO还是对各层制定了标准__
These protocols are continually changing and evolving to support the needs of the user community.
句子组成：change与evolve为两个并列动词，of the user community作后置定语修饰need
翻译：__这些协议在用户们的支持下不断地改变和进化着。
TCP/IP is a communication protocol,it provides many different networking services.
句子组成：_由逗号分隔的两个独立的句子翻译：TCP/IP参考模型是一种传输协议，提供了许多不同的网络服务。
Reading comprehension.
TCP/IP is the underlying protocol of the Internet today,It is the protocol that helps to split messages up,helps them find their way to the correct destination,then causes them rejoin at the destination,TCP/IP is very important,but you rarely interact with it directly,All the other protocols take advantage of it.
TCP/IP has been with us since the earliest days of the ARPANet,It is showing some signs of age,since it is being used for purposes its designers never imagined! Some other approaches to underly Internet protocols are being studied,One notable possibility is a concept called ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode).
IP is the centerpiece of the TCP/IP protocol stack,Much like the center of an hourglass,IP funnels data to and from the protocols above and below it,It lets an internetwork use many different link layer protocols and allows applications to employ different transport layer protocols,In many ways,IP is very simple,However,it has one important advantage over simpler protocols,it hides the differences between the datalink protocols from the transport protocols that end-user applications use,By doing this,it enables you to replace old datalink technologies with newer and faster technologies without having to change application codes,Thus applications written against a transport protocol interface are portable across a wide range of link layer technologies,As the TCP/IP Model Link Layer is identical to the OSI Model Data Link Layer,to avoid terminology confusion,we will use the term,datalink” when referring to a protocol at the TCP/IP Model Link Layer or the OSI Model Data Link Layer.
Answer the following questions according to the article above.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
TCP/IP is the underlying protocol of the Internet today.
According to the passage,the TCP/IP is very important,but you rarely interact with it directly.
What is the notable possibility concept?
_____ATM____
As the TCP/IP Model Link Layer is identical to the OSI Model Data Link Layer,you must avoid ___ terminology confusion ___.
Why the author think IP is not very simple？
Becauase it has one important advantage over simpler protocols,it hides the differences between the datalink protocols from the transport protocols that end-user applications use.
Text 3 Local Area Network
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the text.
__A LAN__ is a group of computers and the network devices connected together usually within the same building.
LANs consist of carefully selected groups of components (hardware and software),which are___ configured for the specific requirements of the organization._.
A LAN is generally limited to the size of a department or an organization and often consists of___2_ to __100 vices.
The three main types of LAN are _topology_,_transmission media_ and _medium access control methods_.
Most wide area networks,such as the PSTN,use _a mesh__ topology.
The four topologies in common use are star_,__bus__,_ring__ and __hub__.
_Twisted pair_,_coaxial cable_ and _optical fibre__ are the three main types of transmission medium used for LANs.
______ techniques have been adopted for use of the medium access control in the LANs.
__Two__ is used to control multiple-access networks.
_Control token___ is another way of controlling access to a shared transmission medium,
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
A LAN (Local area data networks) is a group of computers and the network devices connected together usually within the different buildings,(× )
LAN may be used to interconnect computer-based equipment distributed around a factory or hospital complex,(× )
A LAN is generally limited to the size of a department or an organization and often consists of 2 to 100 devices,(√ )
Most wide area networks,such as the PSTN,not use a mesh (sometimes referred to as a network) topology,(× )
With LANs,the limited physical separation of the subscriber DTEs allows simpler topologies to be used,(√ )
The four topologies in common use are star,router,ring and hub,(× )
Three techniques have been adopted for use of the medium access control in the LANs,(× )
Control token is the only way of controlling access to a shared transmission medium,(× )
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
By definition,the connections must be high-speed and relatively inexpensive (e.g,token ring or Ethernet).
句子组成：by definition 为独立结构，也可以放在句后翻译：_通过定义可知，这种连接一定是高速并且相对廉价的（如：令牌网和以太网）。
They are configured for the specific requirements of the organization.
句子组成：for引导介词短语修饰configure，而of引导的名词作后置定语修饰requirements
翻译：__它们根据组织的各种特殊需要来配置。__
Since all the equipment is located within a single establishment,however,LANs are normally installed and maintained by the organization.
句子组成：_两个分句由转折词however连接，后半句使用了被动语态______
翻译：虽然所有设备限制在一个单一的设施里，但局域网通常由团体安装和维护。
LANs consist of carefully selected groups of components (hardware and software),which are configured for the specific requirements of the organization.
句子组成：_which引导非限制性定语从句修饰主语，并且which作从句的主语___
翻译：__局域网是由精心挑选的各组设备（硬件和软件）构成的。_
LANs usually contain resources such as servers,printers,and connections to other networks through internetworking devices such as switches and routers.
句子组成：_through internetworking devices为介词复合结构，修饰connections
翻译：_局域网经常包含一些资源，如一些服务器和打印机，而且可以通过网络设备与其他的网络连接，这些网络设备包括交换机和路由器等。
Reading comprehension.
The smallest unit on the Internet is the individual user,In many offices and homes,each person has her own personal computer,In other organizations,there may be a very large computer that each member of the organization has an individual account on,In any case,it is important to imaging that each individual has a user ID within the local organization,and that all the computers within this organization are tied together with some sort of local area network,Often each department or floor in an organization has a LAN,LANs usually consist of up to 100 computers attached together through wires and special software so they can communicate easily,Often,LANs are tied together within a large organization to make WANs,or Wide Area Networks,For our discussion,we will consider LANs and WANs to be pretty much the same thing.
Answer the following questions according to the article above.
What is the smallest unit on the Internet?
____The individual user is the smallest unit on the Internet.
How many computers attached together through wires and special software in LAN?
___LANs usually consist of up to 100 computers
What are tied together within a large organization to make WANs?
___LANs__
What does the passage mainly discuss?
__LANs and WANs to be pretty much the same thing.______
Text 4 Internet
Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
The Internet_ is used by millions of people across the world to communicate business and personal information,
_An internet_ is a computer network which allows computers with distinctive software and hardware to communicate.
In the Internet Passport,the Internet will be defined as _the network of networks.
E-mail_ is a fast,easy,and inexpensive way to communicate with other Internet users around the world.
_Telnet_ allow a user to log into a remote computer as though it were a local system.
_FTP_ allow a user to transfer virtually every kind of file that can be stored on a computer from one Internet-connected computer to another.
_WWW_ is a hypertext interface to Internet information resources.
Usenet news_ is a distributed bulletin board which offers a combination news and discussion service on thousands of topics.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
An internet and the Internet are the same computer network,(× )
The Internet is a computer network which allows computers with distinctive software and hardware to communicate,(× )
Any computer which is connected to the Internet can communicate with any other Internet computer thanks to the rules of IP,(√ )
Because the Internet is made up of many diverse computers,so together they work like one world-wide computer system,(× )
It was estimated that at this rapid growth everyone in the world would have an e-mail address in the near future,(√ )
FTP is a distributed bulletin board which offers a combination news and discussion service on thousands of topics,(√ )
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
The Internet is used by millions of people across the world to communicate business and personal information.
句子组成：__by millions of people across the world作方式状语可以放到句末，be used to表示：是用来做……的
翻译：_因特网是世界上很多人用来进行商业贸易和个人信息交流的网络.
From the user's perspective,this works much like the telephone system works.
句子组成：__from the user's perspective为介词短语结构作方式状语翻译：__从用户的角度来看，其工作方式很像电话系统的工作方式。
Although the Internet is made up of many diverse computers,together they work like one world-wide computer system.
句子组成：_although引导分句表转折语气翻译：_尽管因特网是由许多单独的计算机构成，但它们同时工作时就象一个世界范围的计算机系统。
Reading comprehension.
The Internet,as you remember,is a combination of hardware and software,Another very critical component of the Internet is the protocols,which are a series of agreements about how information will be shared and communicated between machines and networks,The protocols allow computers with different architectures and operating systems to share information.
It is important to note that protocols are NOT the same as programs,A protocol is simply an agreement about how data will be structured and communicated,Internet programs are designed to take advantage of one or more of the protocols.
Answer the following questions according to the article above.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
___The protocols is another component of the Internet and the protocols are NOT the same as programs
According to the passage,we know the Internet has another very critical component of the Internet is_the protocols,
Why the author thinks that is important to note that protocols are not the same as programs?
__Because Internet programs are designed to take advantage of one or more of the protocols.
What are a series of agreements about how information will be shared and communicated between machines and networks?
__The protocols of the Internet.
Text 5 The World Wide Web
Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
_WWW_ is an architectural framework.
WWW linked documents spread out over thousands of machines for accessing all over the Internet.
_The Web is built around hypertext and hypermedia.
A hypertext document has certain keywords or phrases linked to _other online documents_.
Hypermedia extends the concept of _hypertext_ to other forms of information.
Hypermedia include images,_sounds_ and _video clips_.
The World Wide Web also subsumes previous Internet information systems such as _Gopher_ and _FTP_.
The online documents are composed and supported by _various people_ and _organizations_.
_WWW_ is one of the fastest-growing Internet software applications.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
The World Wide Web is an architectural framework,(√ )
The World Wide Web ties the information together into a big collection of interactive multimedia resources,(× )
The surfing is you can select paths to browse online resource,(√ )
Hypertext extends the concept of hypermedia to other forms of information.(√ )
If a person read a hypermedia document about mobile phones,then he might select a video show of a phone,but not hear the ring of it,(× )
The World Wide Web only subsumes previous Internet information systems such as Gopher and FTP,(× )
Previously the Web provides a wealth of additional capabilities,(× )
In Web pages,you can search database of mailing lists,but you can see pictures of your favorite band and their concert schedule,(√ )
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
The World Wide Web ties the information together into a vast collection of interactive multimedia resources.
句子构成：__of引导介词短语修饰collection，作后置定语翻译：__万维网把这些计算机连接成了一个巨大的交互式多媒体资源库
A hypertext document has certain keywords or phrases linked to other online documents.
句子构成：___使用了短语has sth done，表示某物被……
翻译：__超文本文档中的一些关键词或短语被链接到了其他的在线文档中。
Hypermedia extends the concept of hypertext to other forms of information.
句子构成：__ the concept of hypertext指超文本的概念，后面的to引导的短语修饰extend
翻译：__超媒体将超文本的概念扩展到了其他的信息形式。
Web pages are available for an amazing variety of tasks ranging from the playful to the serious.
句子构成：_ an amazing variety of tasks修饰主语web pages，ranging from……是动名词短语修饰tasks
翻译：_ Web网页可以跨越从诙谐到严肃的各种风格。
Thousands of links to new services are added to the Web each day,and its growth has been explosive.
句子构成：__to new services修饰主语thousands of links，前后两句都使用了被动语气。
翻译：_现在每天都会增加上千种新的服务链接，万维网已经飞速发展起来了。
Text 1 Data Communications
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the text.
The end equipment is either __generates the digital information for transmission_ or_ uses the received digital data.
When digital data are transmitted,they are _in serial form_.
_DTE___ is data terminal equipment.
_STACO is the corresponding unit at the secondaries.
Between the DTEs,first is _the modems_,and then is the communications equipment__.
_DCE__ accepts the serial data stream from the DTE.
At the transmit end,the modem can be considered a form of _digital-to-analog_ converter,while at the receive end,it can be considered a form of analog-to-digital__ converter.
DCE converts the received_ analog signal_ to a serial digital data stream_.
Multiple choices.
The end equipment in a communication system includes?_ABCD_,
A,computers B,CRTs
C,printers D,keyboards
The equipment?B_D__,
A,manipulates digital information internally in serial form
B,manipulates digital information internally in word units
C,transfers the number of bits in parallel
D,transfers the number of bits in serial form
DTE is?__BD_,
A,Digital T-carrier
B,data terminal equipment
C,satellite
D,the last piece of equipment that belonged to the subscriber in a data link system
There are AB_ between the DTEs.
A,the modem
B,communications equipment
C,digital-to-analog converter
D,will be replaced by an updated standard
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
This equipment generally operates digital information internally in word units.
句子组成：in word units介词短语作方式状语修饰operates
翻译：_这种设备通常在内部以字为单位处理数字信息_____
It converts the received analog signal to a serial digital data stream.
句子组成：convert……to指将……转换成……
翻译,它把接收到的模拟信号转换成串行数字数据流
Data communications equipment (DCE) accepts the serial data stream from the DTE.
句子组成：from the DTE修饰动词accept
翻译：数据通信设备（DCE）从DTE接收串行数据流
Reading comprehension.
Security is an important consideration in the Internet world,The computer has a way of knowing who you are,Most LANs or mainframes require each user to log in,or sign on to the system,To do this,you should type in your user ID before a prompt,You are then prompted for a password,Passwords are special codes you use to,lock” your account,Obviously you need to be careful about protecting your password if you are building nuclear power plants or something,but what about the rest of us? A student recently got some help from her friend on email,She gave him her password to a class account,and he wrote it down,Apparently some of his buddies found the password and logged in using the student’s user ID and password,and sent a very obscene message to the class,The student nearly lost her account,because she had been sloppy with her password.
Change you password regularly!
Some hints:
Don’t use your dog’s name,People will guess it.
Don’t use words in English,people can hook up spell checkers.
Consider combining words and numbers.
Answer the following questions according to the article above.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Security is an important consideration in the Internet world,
According to the passage,we know security is an important consideration __in the Internet world_.
Why the author thinks that is important to protect your password if you are building nuclear power plant or something?
Because the password may be used by other people
At last,the author give some hints,what are they?
They are,first,don’t use your dog’s name,People will guess it,Second,
don’t use words in English,people can hook up spell checkers,And last,consider combining words and numbers.
Text 2 Architecture of Computer Networks
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the text.
Computer network is a complex unit,it consists of two or more connected computing units.
Design of a network and its logical structure should comply with a set of design principles.
Two important network architectures are,the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model.
The _OSI__ model was created by the ISO.
Note that the OSI model itself is not a network architecture__.
TCP/IP is a communication protocol,it provides many different networking services.
The TCP/IP Internet protocol suite is formed from two standards,_the TCP__ and the IP__.
__TCP/IP__ is the foundation of the Internet as we know it today.
TCP means it is on the __transport__ layer and IP means it is on the __network__ layer separately.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
Design of a network and its logical structure should comply with a set of design principles,( √ )
The OSI model was not created by the ISO,( × )
The network architecture is a layer-based,( √ )
The OSI model is a foundation for all comparing protocols,( × )
The OSI model is a network architecture,( × )
The TCP/IP Internet protocol suite is formed from three standards,( × )
TCP means it is on the network layer and IP means it is on the transport layer separately,( × )
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
It is used for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing.
句子组成：it 代指计算机网络，for引导的短语结构修饰used
翻译：_它用于数据通信和资源共享。__________________
They include,the organization of functions,the description of data formats and procedure.
句子组成：include引导三个并列结构
翻译：其中包括：功能的组织以及数据格式和过程的说明。
However,ISO has also produced standards for all the layers.
句子组成：_however表语气的转折，for all the layers作目的状语_
翻译：_然而，ISO还是对各层制定了标准__
These protocols are continually changing and evolving to support the needs of the user community.
句子组成：change与evolve为两个并列动词，of the user community作后置定语修饰need
翻译：__这些协议在用户们的支持下不断地改变和进化着。
TCP/IP is a communication protocol,it provides many different networking services.
句子组成：_由逗号分隔的两个独立的句子翻译：TCP/IP参考模型是一种传输协议，提供了许多不同的网络服务。
Reading comprehension.
TCP/IP is the underlying protocol of the Internet today,It is the protocol that helps to split messages up,helps them find their way to the correct destination,then causes them rejoin at the destination,TCP/IP is very important,but you rarely interact with it directly,All the other protocols take advantage of it.
TCP/IP has been with us since the earliest days of the ARPANet,It is showing some signs of age,since it is being used for purposes its designers never imagined! Some other approaches to underly Internet protocols are being studied,One notable possibility is a concept called ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode).
IP is the centerpiece of the TCP/IP protocol stack,Much like the center of an hourglass,IP funnels data to and from the protocols above and below it,It lets an internetwork use many different link layer protocols and allows applications to employ different transport layer protocols,In many ways,IP is very simple,However,it has one important advantage over simpler protocols,it hides the differences between the datalink protocols from the transport protocols that end-user applications use,By doing this,it enables you to replace old datalink technologies with newer and faster technologies without having to change application codes,Thus applications written against a transport protocol interface are portable across a wide range of link layer technologies,As the TCP/IP Model Link Layer is identical to the OSI Model Data Link Layer,to avoid terminology confusion,we will use the term,datalink” when referring to a protocol at the TCP/IP Model Link Layer or the OSI Model Data Link Layer.
Answer the following questions according to the article above.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
TCP/IP is the underlying protocol of the Internet today.
According to the passage,the TCP/IP is very important,but you rarely interact with it directly.
What is the notable possibility concept?
_____ATM____
As the TCP/IP Model Link Layer is identical to the OSI Model Data Link Layer,you must avoid ___ terminology confusion ___.
Why the author think IP is not very simple？
Becauase it has one important advantage over simpler protocols,it hides the differences between the datalink protocols from the transport protocols that end-user applications use.
Text 3 Local Area Network
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the text.
__A LAN__ is a group of computers and the network devices connected together usually within the same building.
LANs consist of carefully selected groups of components (hardware and software),which are___ configured for the specific requirements of the organization._.
A LAN is generally limited to the size of a department or an organization and often consists of___2_ to __100 vices.
The three main types of LAN are _topology_,_transmission media_ and _medium access control methods_.
Most wide area networks,such as the PSTN,use _a mesh__ topology.
The four topologies in common use are star_,__bus__,_ring__ and __hub__.
_Twisted pair_,_coaxial cable_ and _optical fibre__ are the three main types of transmission medium used for LANs.
______ techniques have been adopted for use of the medium access control in the LANs.
__Two__ is used to control multiple-access networks.
_Control token___ is another way of controlling access to a shared transmission medium,
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
A LAN (Local area data networks) is a group of computers and the network devices connected together usually within the different buildings,(× )
LAN may be used to interconnect computer-based equipment distributed around a factory or hospital complex,(× )
A LAN is generally limited to the size of a department or an organization and often consists of 2 to 100 devices,(√ )
Most wide area networks,such as the PSTN,not use a mesh (sometimes referred to as a network) topology,(× )
With LANs,the limited physical separation of the subscriber DTEs allows simpler topologies to be used,(√ )
The four topologies in common use are star,router,ring and hub,(× )
Three techniques have been adopted for use of the medium access control in the LANs,(× )
Control token is the only way of controlling access to a shared transmission medium,(× )
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
By definition,the connections must be high-speed and relatively inexpensive (e.g,token ring or Ethernet).
句子组成：by definition 为独立结构，也可以放在句后翻译：_通过定义可知，这种连接一定是高速并且相对廉价的（如：令牌网和以太网）。
They are configured for the specific requirements of the organization.
句子组成：for引导介词短语修饰configure，而of引导的名词作后置定语修饰requirements
翻译：__它们根据组织的各种特殊需要来配置。__
Since all the equipment is located within a single establishment,however,LANs are normally installed and maintained by the organization.
句子组成：_两个分句由转折词however连接，后半句使用了被动语态______
翻译：虽然所有设备限制在一个单一的设施里，但局域网通常由团体安装和维护。
LANs consist of carefully selected groups of components (hardware and software),which are configured for the specific requirements of the organization.
句子组成：_which引导非限制性定语从句修饰主语，并且which作从句的主语___
翻译：__局域网是由精心挑选的各组设备（硬件和软件）构成的。_
LANs usually contain resources such as servers,printers,and connections to other networks through internetworking devices such as switches and routers.
句子组成：_through internetworking devices为介词复合结构，修饰connections
翻译：_局域网经常包含一些资源，如一些服务器和打印机，而且可以通过网络设备与其他的网络连接，这些网络设备包括交换机和路由器等。
Reading comprehension.
The smallest unit on the Internet is the individual user,In many offices and homes,each person has her own personal computer,In other organizations,there may be a very large computer that each member of the organization has an individual account on,In any case,it is important to imaging that each individual has a user ID within the local organization,and that all the computers within this organization are tied together with some sort of local area network,Often each department or floor in an organization has a LAN,LANs usually consist of up to 100 computers attached together through wires and special software so they can communicate easily,Often,LANs are tied together within a large organization to make WANs,or Wide Area Networks,For our discussion,we will consider LANs and WANs to be pretty much the same thing.
Answer the following questions according to the article above.
What is the smallest unit on the Internet?
____The individual user is the smallest unit on the Internet.
How many computers attached together through wires and special software in LAN?
___LANs usually consist of up to 100 computers
What are tied together within a large organization to make WANs?
___LANs__
What does the passage mainly discuss?
__LANs and WANs to be pretty much the same thing.______
Text 4 Internet
Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
The Internet_ is used by millions of people across the world to communicate business and personal information,
_An internet_ is a computer network which allows computers with distinctive software and hardware to communicate.
In the Internet Passport,the Internet will be defined as _the network of networks.
E-mail_ is a fast,easy,and inexpensive way to communicate with other Internet users around the world.
_Telnet_ allow a user to log into a remote computer as though it were a local system.
_FTP_ allow a user to transfer virtually every kind of file that can be stored on a computer from one Internet-connected computer to another.
_WWW_ is a hypertext interface to Internet information resources.
Usenet news_ is a distributed bulletin board which offers a combination news and discussion service on thousands of topics.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
An internet and the Internet are the same computer network,(× )
The Internet is a computer network which allows computers with distinctive software and hardware to communicate,(× )
Any computer which is connected to the Internet can communicate with any other Internet computer thanks to the rules of IP,(√ )
Because the Internet is made up of many diverse computers,so together they work like one world-wide computer system,(× )
It was estimated that at this rapid growth everyone in the world would have an e-mail address in the near future,(√ )
FTP is a distributed bulletin board which offers a combination news and discussion service on thousands of topics,(√ )
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
The Internet is used by millions of people across the world to communicate business and personal information.
句子组成：__by millions of people across the world作方式状语可以放到句末，be used to表示：是用来做……的
翻译：_因特网是世界上很多人用来进行商业贸易和个人信息交流的网络.
From the user's perspective,this works much like the telephone system works.
句子组成：__from the user's perspective为介词短语结构作方式状语翻译：__从用户的角度来看，其工作方式很像电话系统的工作方式。
Although the Internet is made up of many diverse computers,together they work like one world-wide computer system.
句子组成：_although引导分句表转折语气翻译：_尽管因特网是由许多单独的计算机构成，但它们同时工作时就象一个世界范围的计算机系统。
Reading comprehension.
The Internet,as you remember,is a combination of hardware and software,Another very critical component of the Internet is the protocols,which are a series of agreements about how information will be shared and communicated between machines and networks,The protocols allow computers with different architectures and operating systems to share information.
It is important to note that protocols are NOT the same as programs,A protocol is simply an agreement about how data will be structured and communicated,Internet programs are designed to take advantage of one or more of the protocols.
Answer the following questions according to the article above.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
___The protocols is another component of the Internet and the protocols are NOT the same as programs
According to the passage,we know the Internet has another very critical component of the Internet is_the protocols,
Why the author thinks that is important to note that protocols are not the same as programs?
__Because Internet programs are designed to take advantage of one or more of the protocols.
What are a series of agreements about how information will be shared and communicated between machines and networks?
__The protocols of the Internet.
Text 5 The World Wide Web
Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
_WWW_ is an architectural framework.
WWW linked documents spread out over thousands of machines for accessing all over the Internet.
_The Web is built around hypertext and hypermedia.
A hypertext document has certain keywords or phrases linked to _other online documents_.
Hypermedia extends the concept of _hypertext_ to other forms of information.
Hypermedia include images,_sounds_ and _video clips_.
The World Wide Web also subsumes previous Internet information systems such as _Gopher_ and _FTP_.
The online documents are composed and supported by _various people_ and _organizations_.
_WWW_ is one of the fastest-growing Internet software applications.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False.
The World Wide Web is an architectural framework,(√ )
The World Wide Web ties the information together into a big collection of interactive multimedia resources,(× )
The surfing is you can select paths to browse online resource,(√ )
Hypertext extends the concept of hypermedia to other forms of information.(√ )
If a person read a hypermedia document about mobile phones,then he might select a video show of a phone,but not hear the ring of it,(× )
The World Wide Web only subsumes previous Internet information systems such as Gopher and FTP,(× )
Previously the Web provides a wealth of additional capabilities,(× )
In Web pages,you can search database of mailing lists,but you can see pictures of your favorite band and their concert schedule,(√ )
Translate and analyze the following sentences.
The World Wide Web ties the information together into a vast collection of interactive multimedia resources.
句子构成：__of引导介词短语修饰collection，作后置定语翻译：__万维网把这些计算机连接成了一个巨大的交互式多媒体资源库
A hypertext document has certain keywords or phrases linked to other online documents.
句子构成：___使用了短语has sth done，表示某物被……
翻译：__超文本文档中的一些关键词或短语被链接到了其他的在线文档中。
Hypermedia extends the concept of hypertext to other forms of information.
句子构成：__ the concept of hypertext指超文本的概念，后面的to引导的短语修饰extend
翻译：__超媒体将超文本的概念扩展到了其他的信息形式。
Web pages are available for an amazing variety of tasks ranging from the playful to the serious.
句子构成：_ an amazing variety of tasks修饰主语web pages，ranging from……是动名词短语修饰tasks
翻译：_ Web网页可以跨越从诙谐到严肃的各种风格。
Thousands of links to new services are added to the Web each day,and its growth has been explosive.
句子构成：__to new services修饰主语thousands of links，前后两句都使用了被动语气。
翻译：_现在每天都会增加上千种新的服务链接，万维网已经飞速发展起来了。
