Lesson 64
The Channel Tunnel
海峡隧道
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★tunnel n,隧道
channel 海峡
★port n,港口
airport
★ventilate v,通风
air
Air the room,please!
★chimney n,烟囱
★sea level 海平面
★double adj,双的
double income,no kid.
couple / pair
a couple of weeks
a pair of shoes/socks/glasses
★ventilation n,通风
Forced Ventilation 强制排风系统
★fear v,害怕
afraid / frighten/frightening/frightened/frightful
be afraid/frighten/scare
sb.fear sth.
I feared darkness.
I fear dogs.
be afraid of I am afraid of dogs.
Can you help me? I am afraid I can't/I am afraid not.
sth.frighten / scare sb,You frightened/scared me
The dog frightened me
fear / be afraid of 是习惯性的／人做主语
frighten/scare 是因某件突然的事情才有的害怕情绪／句子后边的部分是人 The film scared me
horrified 恐惧
★invasion n,入侵，侵略
decide/decision invade v.
★officially adv,正式地
official / office
formally
★connect v,连接
connect sth.with / to
★European adj,欧洲的
European Continent
★continent n,大陆
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why was the first tunnel not completed?
In 1858,a French engineer,Aime Thome de Gamond,arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel,He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel,This platform would serve as a port and a railway station,The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level,In 1860,a better plan was put forward by an Englishman,William Low,He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built,This would solve the problem of ventilation,for if a train entered this tunnel,it would draw in fresh air behind it,Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun,If,at the time,the British had not feared invasion,it would have been completed,The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel,It was officially opened on March 7,1994,finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
参考译文
1858年，一位名叫埃梅.托梅.德.干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海陕的隧道计划到了英国。他说，可以在隧道中央建造一座平台，这座平台将用作码头和火车站。如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管，隧道就具备了良好的通风条件。1860年，一位名叫威廉.洛的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。他提议建一条双轨隧道，这样就解决了通风问题。因为如果有列火车开进隧道，它就把新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道。42年以后，隧道实际已经开始建了。如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。世界不得不再等将近100年才看到海峡隧道竣工。它于1994年3月7日正式开通，将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起。
【课文讲解】
１．in 1858
２．in 1860
３．forty-two years later
４．1994
描述一件事物的要素：
who/do what/how /why
in 1858,a French engineer arrived in England with a plan.
plan for
twenty-one-mile 是定语
He said
it 代表to build a platform in the centre of the Channel,做形式主语
serve as 作为...来服务； 起...作用
It will serve as swimming pool.
above 在海拔上高
put forward (plan/suggestion)
an Englishman
suggest 有两个意思：
１作为＂暗示＂意思时，用法与其它的词相同。
２作为＂建议＂意思时，则为虚拟语气，后接动词是要用-ing形式，后接that从句采用一种固定的用法。
should + 动词原形 should 可以省略
He suggested that a double railway-tunnel be built.
I suggested (that) he (should) go home.
He suggested that I should go with him
He insisted that I should stay to lunch.
for 因为
draw in 吸进
bring
at the time
the British 英国人虚拟语气 （非真实条件句）
１与现在事实相反
２与过去事实相反其从句的使用：
１与现在事实相反，用一般过去时
２与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，此时主句格式为：would have done
would/could/should
must have done 对过去的推测
cann't have done 对过去的推测情态动词加have done 表示对过去的推测
wait for
wait for five minutes
I have waited five minutes.
I have waited for you for five minutes
I have waited five years for you.
connect...to...
非谓语动词中的ing形式：
１表示其与主语是主动的关系
２表示动作正在发生非谓语动词中的ed形式表示其与主语是被动的关系
【Key structures】
1.虚拟语气 与过去事实相反
特殊结构：suggest/insist，后接that从句（should+动词原形）
Exercise C:
No.1 would have been able
No.3 would not have made
No.4 虚拟语气与现在事实相反，从句使用一般过去时
与一般现在时相反的be动词，用were代替
if I were you
No.5 is 真实条件句
【Multiple choice questions】
3...
possible
could:可能
would:表示将来要做
11...
mix:混合
join:连接（加入），强调使成为其中一员
rejoin:再次加入
combine:合并
9...
put forward:提出
intend to do
aim at:目标是什么
plan:计划
suggest:建议
suggest+doing/that,suggest+名词或代词
【Special difficuilties】
1....
drwa up,签署
2...
draw back:倒退
3...
draw up = stop,停止，停下来
【Summary writing】
1...
The tunnel will(would) be ventilated,a French engineer planned to build in 1858
The tunnel which a French engineer planned to build in 1858 would be ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
先行词，which非限定性定语从句
The tunnel,which a French engineer planned to build in 1858,would be ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
3.because they would
4.Though...because
It was stopped because the British had feared invasion.
Though it was begun(work begin forty-two years later),it was stopped because...
5.However 起了副词的作用，后面考研直接加一个句子
【Composition】
1.Thanks to(prep.):幸亏，because of,由于
Thanks to the English channel which separates Britain from Europe,the country has not been invaded since 1066
2.now that,即使（既然）
However,now that modern warfare is far more complex,such fears no longer exist.
3.Both...and...
Both Britain and Europe benefit
