试题二十六及答案 试卷一 Paper One Part ⅠListening Comprehension?? (20 minutes) Directions:In this section,you will hear ten short conversations.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example:You will hear: You will read: A)At the office.????? B)In the waiting room. C)At the airport.?????? D)In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening.This is most likely to have taken place at the office.Therefore,A.At the office is the best answer.You should choose 【A】on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. [JY]Sample Answer ［A］[KG-1*5]—［B］［C］［D］ 1. A) Playing the piano.??? B) Taking a photo.??? C) Making a photocopy.?? D) Typing. 2. A) Next stop is New York. B) He wants to go to New York. C) What time the train gets to New York. D) What time the train gets to philadelphia. 3. A) He will soon start.B) He is almost ready. C) He is well prepared.D) He is not prepared. 4. A) The wife is overwhelmed by her husband’s compliment. B) The husband hasn’t told the truth. C) The wife just came back from the hairdresser’s. D) The husband has seldom noticed his wife’s hair style before. 5. A) They will be friends after class. B) She has pens and paper for him. C) Nothing she is already married. D) She has enough notes for both of them. 6. A) $40.B) $140. C) $280.D) $100. 7. A) The train will probably arrived at 9:15. B) The train was in a terrible traffic accident. C) The train has broken down and will wot arrive. D) The train may arrive tonight, but the man isn’t sure. 8. A) At an airport.B) In a waiting room. C) At a bus stop. D) At a railway station. 9. A) He has been to the school. B) He is sure he will find his wallet. C) The wallet was on the bottom of the room. D) He has looked there carefully. 10.A) Carol.B) Jack. C) Jim.D) The bakery. SECTION B Directions:In this section,you will hear 3 short passages.At t he end of each pas sage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spo ken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the ?four choices marked A) B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. ? Passage 1 Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11.A) Two men and a captain. B) Four men, including the captain. C) Three men and a captain. D) A group of captains. 12.A) The story didn’t tell us. B) Yes, when the balloon flew not very high. C) Only the captain would. D) Yes, with a telescope. 13.A) It was away from london and flew higher. B) Suddenly it stopped flying and fell down. C) It landed safely. D) The three men died of cold. ? Passage 2 Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14.A) An ordinary man who finds about criminals. B) An ordinary policeman whose job is to avoid criminals. C) A policeman out of uniform whose job is to track down criminals. D) A uniformed policeman whose job is to catch criminals. 15.A) To steal things. B) To catch thieves. C) To put things in people’s pockets. D) To watch the players. 16.A) All the people who go to a coffeeshop are bad. B) It is dangerous for thieves to drink coffee. C) Bad men are foolish if they talk too much. D) Thieves like to rob coffeeshops. ? Passage 3 Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17.A) The earth’s resources are limited. B) Alternative source of energy are being sought. C) The oil crisis is serious. D) Modern societies are dependent on the oil. 18.A) Scientists are still experimenting with it. B) It is difficult to obtain solar energy. C) It is too difficult to build solar roof panels. D) It is very expensive to get solar energy. 19.A) The earth is considered as a source of heat energy. B) Solar energy provides heating for dimestic properties. C) Solar roof panels are very efficient. D) Water provides hydroelectric power. 20.A) General audiences. B) Professors of energy. C) Young children. D) specialists of solar energy. ? Part ⅡReading Comprehension? (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage 1 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的)“drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of light—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. 21.According to the author, babies learn to do things which ___. A) are directly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needs C) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity 22.Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ___. A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink 23.In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ___. A) have the lights turned on B) be rewarded with milk C) please their parents D) be praised 24.The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ___. A) the lights were directly related to some basic “drives” B) the sight of the lights was interesting C) they need not turn back to watch the light D) they succeeded in “switching on” the lights 25.According to papousek’s, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of ___. A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs C) their strong desire to solve complex problem D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills Passage 2 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The pollution of Hong Kong’s beaches by oil from a damaged tanker last year recalls a similar incident which took place in Britain in 1967 when the Torrey Canyon, a huge oil tanker, split in two and caused disaster in coastal areas. Shoals of fishes were killed, sea birds hopelessly fouled with oil and coastal holiday resorts put out of business for several weeks. As a result of this particular incident scientists are becoming restless at the thought of Britain’s inability to cope with national disasters on a large scale. The reason for their concern is that technology is rapidly outstripping (超越)man’s ability to control it. Oil tankers, for instance, have been allowed to get bigger and bigger without sufficient thought being given to emergency braking and manoeuvring arrangement. Collisions at sea continue, but little effect has been made to develop safety devices as effective as those used for aircraft. Scientists were outspoken in expressing their concern during a recent meeting of the British Association. Unanimous approval was voiced when the leading speaker urged that a permanent national rescue services should be established, equipped for any emergency and ready to move off immediately. Of all the possible disasters mentioned, the one promoting most discussion was a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power station. One does not need a particularly vivid imagination to visualize the other possibilities discussed. What would be the effect of a jumbo-jet crashing on a large chemical plant handling destroying liquids? Could the tapping of natural gas lead to any form of collapse? Suppose a lorry full of a highly poisonous chemical crashed unseen into a large reservoir? Dams can burst, abnormal conditions can lead to massive electrical blackouts. An intensive study of such possibilities could at least reduce the effects of future disasters. For example, it would mean that a number of technical alternatives (such as the choice between detergent or chalk for dispersing oil) could be examined and tested in advance so that specially trained expert would know exactly what action was needed in a given emergency. 26.The main idea of the second paragraph is that ___. A) safety precautions in aircraft are not as effective as those used on ships. B) modern oil tankers can stop or turn easily in spite of their size C) there are now fewer collisions at sea because of modern safety devices D) oil tankers are so big that special devices are needed 27.The idea of a permanent national rescue service was welcomed by ___ of those present at the meeting of the British Association. A) all B) the most outspoken C) some D) most 28.In the fourth paragraph the writer states that ___. A) on one occasion radioactivity escaped from a nuclear power station B) an areoplane carrying destroying liquids might crash into chemical plant C) a lorry once crashed into a reservoir D) a terrible accident could happen in a nuclear power station 29.The main idea of the final paragraph is that ___. A) in an emergency all the technical alternations should be studied B) experts should be specially trained to determine the exact difference between detergent and chalk C) we ought to decide what measures to take before a disaster occurs D) technical experts should be examined and tested to see whether they are capable of selecting the right course of action in a future emergency 30.Of the following suggested titles the one most accurately summing up the passage is ___. A) The Dangers of Modern Technology B) The Problem of Oil Pollution C) Some Interesting Accidents D) A Meeting of the British Association ? Passage 3 Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Each for its own reason, the study of residential mobility has been a concern of three disciplines: sociology, economics, and geography. For the economist, residential shifts provide a means for studying the housing and land markets. Geographers study mobility to understand the spatial distributions of population types. For the sociologist, interest in residential mobility has two sources: one stemming from the study of human ecology and the other, from a concern with the peculiar qualities of urban life. “Of course, there are clearly overlapping concerns and it is often difficult to discern the disciplinary origins of a researcher by sole examining the kinds of questions he or she raises about mobility, although it is usually easier to identify a researcher’s discipling by noting the methods used and the concepts employed.” Urban mobility first appears in the sociological literature as a term expressing rather generalized qualities of urban, as opposed the nonurban life. Some sociologists refer to the mobility of the city as the considerable sum of myriad and incessant sources of stimulation impinging upon the urban dweller, a sort of sensory overload which produces sophistication, indifference and a lowered level of affection in urban dwellers. There is simply so much to experience that the urban dweller’s capacity is reduced to react in a “spontaneous” and “natural” way to urban existence. It is mobility in this sense that produces some of the special qualities of urban life, which, on the other hand, appeal to migrants as an escape from the dullness and oppression of rural existence with its lack of change and stimulation, and on the other hand, produces anomie and? alienation in a society where men see each other primarily as means to ends rather than as ends in themselves. Of course, mobility in this larger sense of sensory overload is not a concept which lends itself easily to measurement, especially since it is a macro-system property. 31.Geographers who study mobility are most probably interested in ___.  A) 〖ZK(#〗the fact that people of different nationalities or ethnical groups reside in different places B) why people of one type prefer to isolate themselves from those of another type C) peculiar characteristics of people from different countries in choosing living places. D) what types of people like to move frequently and why they keep changing their living places. 32.According to the passage, examining the kinds of questions research ra ises about mobility is ___. A) not an ideal way to identify his or her disciplinary origin B) easier than noting the methods used and the concepts employed C) the only way to discern the disciplines he or she applied D) too difficult to be used in finding out his or her disciplinary origins 33.Some sociologists believe that “sensory overload”(Para.2) ___. A) produces the dullness and oppression of rural existence B) is responsible for some of evil characteristics of urban dwellers C) is the result of the mobility of the city D) appeals to nonurban dwellers 34.According to the passage, in a society where there is anomie and alienation, people ___. A) can discern other people’s shortcomings but not their owns B) hold hostile views to others C) take advantage of others to achieve their own purposes D) are willing to help each other 35.The words “spontaneous” and “natural”(Para.2) indicate that ___. A) urban people lack creativity and originality B) urban people are clever than rural people C) urban life is colorful and interesting D) urban existence is full of change and stimulation ? Passage 4 Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. It is in the joints of human body that movements of the bones take place. The movement itself is caused by the pull of sheets and cords of very tough tissue(组织)called muscle. Muscle tissue has the special ability to shorten itself so that the bone on which it pulls has to move. When muscle tissue shortens, it also bunches up(凸起).Muscle tissue covers the body in sheets, and bands that lie between the skin and the skeleton. The bones are the framework of the body, but the muscles fill out the body shape. Most muscles extend from one bone to another. When the muscle between the bones shortens, one bone has to move. The point where the muscle is fastened to the unmoving bone is called the origin of the muscle, whereas the point where the muscle is fastened to the bone that is to be moved is called the insertion. Sometimes the muscle is not attached directly to the bone but to a tough, nonstretchable cord, or tendon that is attached to the bone. Muscles do not push; they can only pull. To bend the arm at the elbow, the muscle at the front of the upper arm has to shorten and bunch up. To unbend the arm, other muscles in the back of the arm have to shorten. These two sets of muscles—the front and back—are said to act in opposition to each other. When one set is working, the other set is usually relaxed. But there are times when both of them work. Sometimes muscles are called upon to do more than simply pull in one direction. They may have to perform a turning motion. To be able to do this, the muscle must be attached to the bone at an angle. By pulling, the muscle can cause the bone to pivot. 36.According to the passage, movement occurs when a muscle ___. A) growsB) shortens C) relaxesD) pushes 37.The point at which a muscle is attached to the bone that moves is called the ___. A) sourceB) insertion C) tendonD) diaphragm 38.The phrase “called upon” in line 12 is close in meaning to which of the following? A) Required.B) Visited. C) Permitted.D) Subjected. 39.The passage implies that reversing the musclebone movement used to bend an arm requires ___. A) the relaxation of two sets of muscles B) the use of different muscles C) a different kind of tissue D) the enlargement of the muscle 40.Why are some muscles attached to bones at an angle? A) To cause the muscles to push. B) To strengthen the muscles. C) To shorten tissues. D) To perform a turning action. Part ⅢVocabulary and Structure?? (20 minutes) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Ans wer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 41.Every teacher in this school ___ free medical care. A) are entitled toB) entitles C) is entitled withD) is entitled to 42.The books written by Luxun are worthy of ___. A) to readB) being read C) readingD) having read 43.Eggs, though nourishing, have ___ of fat content. A) big numberB) a large number C) a high numberD) a high amount 44.As he is free now, he ___ as well go shopping with you. A) wouldB) could C) had betterD) might 45.The wedding will be very ___, and only members of the family will attend it. A) secretB) private C) peculiarD) alone 46.It is because he is too young ___ he doesn’t know how to solve this problem. A) thereforeB) so that C) thatD) so 47.Among the Chinese, tea ___ coffee. A) prefers to B) is preferred to C) is preferred for D) prefers for 48.We were ___ for three hours by the traffic accident and so we arrived late. A) kept offB) held up C) put downD) broken down 49.He had to return the bike tomorrow, ___? A) had heB) hadn’t he C) didn’t heD) wouldn’t he 50.Listen carefully, the voices on this tape are barely ___. A) sensibleB) feasible C) audibleD) edible 51.Take an umbrella with you in case of ___. A) rainB) a rain C) it rainsD) it will rain 52.He is a man to ___ when you are in trouble. A) fall behindB) fall over C) fall throughD) fall back 53.Magnificent views over the sea have often ___ people to write poems. A) excitedB) inspired C) inducedD) attracted 54.Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the evening party. They thought that it ___. A) could have been better organized B) had been better organized C) must have been better organized D) had to be better organized 55.He was ___ by the police with breaking the law. A) chargedB) sentenced C) accusedD) arrested 56.The top of the mountain is ___, but the trees grew part way up its slope. A) vacantB) blank C) bareD) empty 57.The boxer ___ and almost fell when his opponent hit him. A) stammeredB) shouted C) amazedD) shattered 58.Ten years of working experience ___ him for a promotion. A) qualifiedB) turned C) madeD) caused 59.My work is better than ___ in the company. A) anyone else’s B) anyone else C) anyone’s else D) anyone’s else’s 60.Finding it difficult to ___ to the climate in the north, we decide to move to the south. A) fitB) suit C) adoptD) adapt 61.One should never lose one’s heart when ___ with temporary difficulties. A) confrontedB) confront C) confrontingD) to confront 62.___at the railway station when the train left. A) Hardly had we arrived B) We had arrived hardly C) Hardly we had arrived D) Hardly did we arrive 63.___either you or I going to Beijing next week? A) AreB) Am C) BeD) Is 64.By knocking down a bike at the roadside, I ___ my own car. A) injuredB) damaged C) destoryedD) crushed 65.Human life is estimated ___ on the earth for about 300,000 years. A) existing B) to exist C) to have existed D) having existed 66.This is the only novel ___ I like most. A) whichB) when C) whatD) that 67.There are no tickets ___ for Sunday’s movie. A) possibleB) considerable C) availableD) preferable 68.___, a British person often shakes hands. A) Introduced to somebody B) Having introduced to somebody C) On being introduced to somebody D) As being introduced to somebody 69.He was ___ by a bee when he was collecting honey. A) stirredB) litten C) scratchedD) stung 70.I caught a ___ of the car before it disappeared around the corner. A) glareB) gleam C) glimpseD) glance 试卷二 Paper Two Part ⅣTranslation?? (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, there are four items, each consisting of one or two sentences for you to translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in Part Three of Test Paper One. You should refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context. 71.But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理上的)“drives” as thirst or hunger.(Passage 1) 72.Shoals of fishes were killed, sea birds hopelessly fouled with oil and coastal holiday resorts put out of business for several weeks.(Passage 2) 73.What would be the effect of a jumbojet crashing on a large chemical plant handling destroying liquids?(Passage 2) 74.For the sociologist interest in residential mobility has two sources: one stemming from the study of human ecology and the other, from a concern with the peculiar qualities of urban life.(Passage 3) 75.Sometimes the muscle is not attached directly to the bone but to a tough, nonstretchable cord, or tendon that is attached to the bone.(Passage 4) ? Part ⅤWriting? (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Laidoff Workers Need Help. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below. 1.随着国企的深化改革，下岗工人越来越多。 2.下岗工人最需要的帮助是______________ 3.我认为最可取的措施是________ Laidoff Workers Need Help Model Test Eleven Part Ⅰ?? Listening Comprehension Section A 1.D???? 2.C???? 3.D???? 4.D???? 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.B Section B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.A ? Part Ⅱ? Reading Comprehension Passage One 【文章大意】 该文通过专家的实验证明婴儿学习并不总是为了获得即时可见的奖赏，即满足一些基本生理需求，而有时是成功的结果激励他们学习。成功地解决问题，掌握技巧也会让婴儿愉悦，故而人类天生就有一种了解世界，控制环境的欲望。由此文可知人们学习虽多有功利目的，但学习本身也有很多乐趣，学习也是人类的本能，全文可分两部分，第一部分是第一段，讲述人们一向认为婴孩学习只是为了看得见的物质回报。后三段是第二部分，通过Papousek的实验证明婴儿行动也有为着精神回报，即成功感会推动他们去做一些事情。文中关键处有第一段第一句，起着过渡作用的第二段和第四段后半部分的结论。 21.【答案】C 【译文】根据作者的观点，婴儿乐于学做给他们直接带来快乐的事情。 【试题分析】细节考查题。 【详细解答】问题是根据作者的观点，婴儿乐于学做哪些事情。第二段第二句的大意是，婴儿乐于学做那些给他们带来成功结果的事情，而非奖赏之事。第三、四段用例子论证，故正确答案应选C。 22.【答案】C 【译文】潘普塞克通过研究发现，婴儿在没有给牛奶的情况下也会继续做一些简单的动作。 【试题分析】原文信息题。 【详细解答】根据第三段说潘普塞克以牛奶为诱惑物，引诱婴儿做出一些简单的动作，如将头转向一侧。结果他发现那些有足够牛奶可喝的婴儿便会拒绝牛奶，但却十分高兴地继续做出一些刚刚学会的简单动作。这里的learned response 指的就是前句中的some simple movement; go on 与C项中的continue同义。因此，正确答案选C。 23.【答案】A 【译文】在潘普塞克的试验中，婴儿做出一些刚学会的摇头动作是要求把灯打开。 【试题分析】细节考查题。 【详细解答】问题是关于在潘氏的实验中，婴儿做出一些刚学会的摇头动作是为了什么。第三段第四句说“潘氏发现，年仅四个月的婴儿，只要在他们面前打开一种亮光，他们就会学着转头看，甚至能够做出更为复杂的动作，例如，两次左转，两次右转，甚至朝一个方向转三次头”。A项与本段信息相符，故正确答案应选A。 24.【答案】D 【译文】婴儿看到亮光高兴是因为他们能够成功地把灯打开。 【试题分析】综合理解题。 【详细解答】第四段第二句用强调句式说使婴儿高兴的并非是亮光本身，而是他们能够解决某个问题，掌握某种技巧的成功感。D项与本句内容相符，故正确答案应选D。 25.【答案】A 【译文】潘普塞克认为：婴儿能够解决某个问题而高兴正是人们想去了解世界和掌握世界的欲望反映。 【试题分析】文信息题。 【详细解答】根据文章第四段最后一句婴儿高兴的并非亮光本身，而是他们能够解决某个问题，掌握某种技巧的成功感。这里存在着一种基本的人类欲望，就是了解世界和掌握世界。这里的fundamental 与basic 均意为“基本的”，“基础的”，human urge 与human desire 均意为“人类欲望”；make sense of 与understand 均意为“了解，理解”。故正确答案应选A。 Passage Two 【文章大意】 这是一篇论述文，论述了现代科技的发展会给未来环境带来严重的破坏。第一段通过两次油轮污染事件引出科学家对技术高速发展超出人类控制的担扰。第二段仍然以油轮为例，说明油轮不断增大，与之配套的的紧急安全措施却不如同样也在变大的飞机的措施那样有效。第三段讲述英国科学家一致希望建立永久性全国救援机构。第四段讲述了一些常见的可能的灾难。最后一段讲述对灾难的研究定会帮助人们在突发时刻采取恰当措施，减轻灾难的危害。总之，该文通过油轮污染事件及其影响论述了建立灾难应急中心，加强对灾难研究的必要性。 26.【答案】D 【译文】第二段的主题思想是油船太大了，需要有专门的配套设施。 【试题分析】综合理解题。 【详细解答】根据本文第二段oil tankers 曾经越造越大而没有充分考虑紧急制动及手工操作设备。海上碰撞在继续，但它的安全设施不及用于飞机上的有效。A、B、C三项与第二段内容相反，故选D。 27.【答案】A 【译文】参加英国国会的人都支持建立永久性全国救援机构。 【试题分析】事实辨认题。 【详细解答】根据文章第三段，科学家们在会议上表述各自对此事的关心，而unanimaus approval 意为“一致的意见、决定”，因此A项为此题最佳答案。 28.【答案】D 【译文】在第四段中，作者说明在核电站中可能发生重大事故。 【试题分析】细节理解题。 【详细解答】根据文章第四段，the one promoting most discussion was…句中promoting 一词可以理解为“促进，激起”，意为“一个最能引起人们讨论的问题是……”而D答案中could happen 恰恰说明了这一点。第四段的the other possibilities discussed 也可作辅证。 29.【答案】D 【译文】最后一段主要说明在紧急事件还没发生前就应当检验技术专家是否有能力采取正确方法。 【试题分析】综合理解题。 【详细解答】根据文章最后一段对这些可能性的研究表明至少可以减少未来的灾害，提前检验或实验所要采取的措施是十分必要的。A、B、C三项显然与作者意图不符。 30.【答案】A 【译文】最能准确总结全文的是“现代科学技术带来的危险”。 【试题分析】综合理解题。 【详细解答】根据整篇文章，我们可以看出作者的意图是揭示现代科技将会给未来带来的后果；而并不单指“油污染”或几个发生的事件，更没有谈到会议。 Passage Three 【文章大意】 第一段说明对城市流动性的研究社会学、经济学和地理学都有各自不同的观点和角度。虽然三种研究有重叠，但通过研究方法和使用概念即可分出是哪一种研究。第二段说明城市流动性这一概念的起源。流动性的影响，包括对城市居民的负面影响和对农村人口的吸引力，但同时也是造成人与人之间的疏离及相互间利用关系的源头。 31.【答案】A 【译文】研究人口流动性的地理学家们对不同国家和种族的人分布在不同地方的原因更感兴趣。 【试题分析】细节考察题。 【详细解答】本题的答案是第一段的第三句话：地理学家们研究这种不固定性是为了了解人口种类在地域上的分布。本题四个选项中只有A项与上述原文的内容相一致，因此是答案。 32.【答案】A 【译文】根据原文，通过对人口流动问题的研究来测试人的种类并不是最好的办法，因为很难准确判断他或她的来源地。 【试题分析】细节理解题。 【详细解答】详见第一段最后一句。根据原文…it is often difficult to discem the disciplinary origins of a researcher by sole examming the kinds of questions he or she raises about mobility…可以推知A项为答案。 33.【答案】B 【译文】一些地理学家认为感观负载是由城市居民一些不良本性造成的。 【试题分析】综合判断题。 【详细解答】见原文第二段第二句。Some sociologists refer to the mobility of the city as…a sort of sensory overload which produces sophistication, indifference, and a lowered level of affection in urban dwellers. 在此句中列举的sophistication (世故)，indifference(冷漠)，和lowered level of affection (情感变得淡薄)都是人类性格上的弱点，而这一切都是由sensory overland 造成(produces)的，显然B项是答案。  34.【答案】C 【译文】根据原文，在道德沦丧和感情疏远的社会里，人与人之间互相利用去实现自己的目的。 【详细解答】在原文的倒数第二句中，作者谈到都市生活的特殊性质造成对社会中的道德沦丧和感 情疏远，使得人与人之间的交往变成了一种实现目的(ends)的手段(means)而非目的本身。 选项C与此意相符合，故而是答案。 35.【答案】A 【译文】“本能的”和“自然的”两词表明城市人缺乏创造性。 【详细解答】根据spontaneous和natural 出现的上下文可以知道，都市生活充满了刺激变化，在如此令人疲于奔命的快乐奏的生活中，都市人的能力已经降低，只能以一种“本能的”，“自然的”方式来对生活作出低级反应，也即已没有能力或精力用大脑进行思考，创造性地迎接生活的挑战。A项符合上述分析，为答案。 Passage Four 【文章大意】 文章第一段讲述了人体骨头的运动是由肌肉拉伸控制的。作者具体解释了肌肉控制骨骼运动的过程，位于皮肤和骨架间的肌肉附着在骨头上，当其收缩时便带动了相应骨骼的移动。第二段强调了肌肉只能收缩，不能伸展，作者通过胳臂的收缩，伸展和扭转运动讲述了不同肌肉间如何相互配合完成多种不同的手臂动作。 36.【答案】B 【译文】根据原文，运动是由肌肉收缩产生的。 【详细解答】在第二句谈到：肌肉组织具有缩短自己的特殊能力，其用处是使它所附在其上的骨骼可以运动。这说明，当肌肉缩短时，便会产生运动。 37.【答案】B 【译文】附着是肌肉所附着的将移动的骨骼的那个点。 【详细解答】在第七句后半部分说道：肌肉所附着的将被移动的骨骼的那个点称为附着(insertion)。 38.【答案】A 【译文】在22行中与“called upon”最接近的是required（要求，需求） 【详细解答】这句话的意思为：有的时候，肌肉所需做的不仅仅是单方面的拉。这里的“called upon”是“required”或“needed”的意思。 39.【答案】B 【译文】文章表明用于弯曲胳臂的肌肉骨胳运动的相反运动是其他肌肉的参与。 【详细解答】这一道题的题意为：用于弯曲胳臂的肌肉骨胳运动的相反运动需要……。从第一段第二句话可知：伸直胳臂需要胳臂背面的其他肌肉缩短。也就是需要用不同的肌肉。 40.【答案】D 【译文】肌肉以一定的角度附着在骨胳上是为了能做转动运动。 【详细解答】在最后一句中说到：要能做转动运动，肌肉必须以一定的角度附着在骨胳上。这说明某些骨肉以一定的角度附在骨胳上是为了能做转动动作，故D正确。 Part Ⅲ? Vocabulary and structure 41.【答案】D 【译文】这所学校的每个教师都有资格享受免费医疗保障。 【试题分析】本题测试动词entitle 的用法。 【详细解答】其常见搭配是entitle sb. to sth. 意为：give sb. ?a right to have or do sth.如：This ticket doesn’t entitle you to this seat.(你 这张票不能坐这个位子。)其更常见的用法是被动语态，即sb. be entitled to sth. 如：Y ou are not entitled to unemployment benefit. (你没资格领取失业救济金)题目主题Eve ry teacher 是单数，故选D。 42.【答案】C ?【译文】鲁迅的书都值得一读。 【试题分析】本题测试be worthy of sth. 的用法。 【详细解答】其意义值得，故of后要接名词或动名词，此处只有C符合。另外也有be worthy to do sth.的用法，意思相同，本题若用此结构，那句子 就是The books writen by LuXun are worthy to be read. 43.【答案】D ?【译文】鸡蛋尽管有营养，但脂肪含量很高。 【详细解答】本题考查点有两处，一处是fat content 是否可数，一处是 number 和amount的用法，fat content 意为脂肪含量，显然是不可数。而a number of 只能接可数名词的复数形式，an amount of 通常接不可数名词，例如：a large number of mistakes(许多错误)；a large amount of money (一大笔钱)。当然我们也可以说a large amount of oranges (大量的桔子，商品交易中)，故此题只能选D。 44.【答案】D ?【译文】他现在没事，完全可以和你一块儿去购物。 【试题分析】此处考固定搭配。 【详细解答】might/may as well 表示：有充分的理由，完全能，满可以，是个情态词组，后面接动词原形。其变化形式有might/may well和might /may just as well。例如：We may as well stay have for the night.(我们完全能留在这儿过夜)。 45.【答案】B ?【译文】婚礼将很私人化只有家庭成员参加。 【试题分析】测试点是形容词。secret (秘密的，隐蔽的)；private (私人的，不对外的)；pecul iar (独特的，古怪的)；alone (单独的)。婚礼只有家庭成员参加，这样的婚礼自 然是私人的，不对外人的，故选B。 46.【答案】C ?【译文】是因为他太年轻，他才不知道如何解决问题。 【试题分析】测试点是It is…that强调结构。 【详细解答】只不过此处强调的是一个原因状语从句because he is too young.再如It is because he is ill that he is absent today.(是因为他生病了，今天才没来的。) 47.【答案】B ?【译文】在中国人当中，茶比咖啡更受欢迎。 【试题分析】此题考动词prefer 的用法。 【详细解答】通常为prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢什么超过什么。比如I prefer doing to talking. (我喜欢做不喜欢说。)其被动形式为a is preferred to b, 意为：和b相比，a更受喜欢，欢迎。如：Watching TV is preferred to reading for most people nowadays. (今天大多数人更喜欢看电视而不是读书。) 48.【答案】B ?【译文】交通事故阻碍了我们三个小时，这样我们才来晚了。 【试题分析】此题考词组的用法。 【详细解答】keep off: 不接近，不接触；hold up: 耽搁，阻塞。如：The b uilding of the new road has been held up by the bad weather. (新路的修建由于天气 不好而被耽搁下来。)put down: 镇压，放下，制止；break down：(机器)故障；(车辆)抛 锚，(计划)失败。 49.【答案】C ?【译文】明天他得归还自行车，是不是? 【试题分析】此题考反意疑问句的用法。 【详细解答】句中had to 是have to 的过去时形式，与过去完成时无关，故选C。 50.【答案】C ?【译文】仔细地听，磁带上的声音几乎听不见。 【试题分析】同义辨析题。 【详细解答】sensible：知觉的，发觉的，明智的；feasible:可行的，行得通的；audible:听得见的；edible：食用的。句中barely 意为almost not,故选C。 51.【答案】A ?【译文】随身带把伞以防下雨。 【试题分析】此题考in case of 的用法。 【详细解答】其意为以防，万一，后接名词性结构，rain 为不可数名 词，故选A。注意in case 后跟从句，用虚拟语气，所以此句为Take an umbrella in case (that) it (should) rain. 也是对的。 52.【答案】D ?【译文】他是个你有麻烦时就溜的人。 【试题分析】此题考fall 的词组辨析。fall behind:落后，如：France has fallen behind (Ger many) in coal production. (法国在产煤方面落后于德国了。)fall over: 在行走时…脚 碰到某人(某物)而打趔趄或跌倒。fall through 落空，成为泡影。如：Our holiday plans ?fell through because of the bad weather. (我们的假日计划因糟糕的天气而成泡影了。)；fall back: 后退，退却。如：The enemy fell back as our troops advanced. (我军前进 ，敌军后退。) 53.【答案】B ?【译文】大海壮观的景色常给人们写诗的灵感。 【试题分析】动词辨义题。 【详细解答】excite:使……兴奋；inspire:给……启发灵感；induce:劝诱或促使做某事；attract:激发，引诱。如：Babies are attracted to bright colours. (婴儿喜欢鲜艳的颜色。) 54.【答案】A ?【译文】多数学生对晚会感到很失望。他们认为晚会本可以组织得更好的。 【试题分析】此题考虚拟语气。 【详细解答】could have 意为本可以，但未发生；had 意为已经，是过去完成时，表示已发生的事实；must have 意为过去一定是，表示对过去的肯定推测；had to 意为不得不，是一般过去时。根据题目，学生对晚会失望是发生的事实，因此晚会可组织得更好只是他们事后的一种抱怨和愿望而已，这样我们只能选A。再如：I could have helped you if I had been there. (要是我在那儿，我会帮你的。) 55.【答案】A ?【译文】警方以违法指控他。 【试题分析】动词辨析题。 【详细解答】charged 的常用搭配是change sb. with sth. 意为以某事控告某人。 sentenced: 意为判决，如：sentence sb. to death, 宣判某人死刑。accused,常用搭配是accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人某罪；arrested 意为逮捕。题目考sb. be charged with sth. 这一结构，易误选D，由于有with breaking the law 这一部分，故D有误，只能选A。 56.【答案】C ?【译文】这座山的顶部是光秃秃的，但树木却沿着其斜坡的一部分生长。 【试题分析】形容词辨析题。vacant 空缺。常指职位，职务，也指空房间。blank: 指空白、无痕迹的。如：a blank page 空白的一页。bare: 指表面光秃秃、裸露的。如：bare floors 光地板，a bare hillside 光秃的山坡。empty: 指内空的，如：an empty room 空房间，an empty lorry 空卡车，故此处只能选C。 57.【答案】B ?【译文】拳击手被双方打到时叫了起来。还差点摔倒。 【试题分析】动词辨义题。 【详细解答】stammer: 口吃，结巴； shout：喊，叫；amaze:惊讶； shatter：粉碎，毁损。故只能选B才符合句意。 58.【答案】A ?【译文】十年的工作经验让他够资格提升了。 【试题分析】词组辨析题。 【详细解答】qualify sb. for sth. 意为使某人够格做某事。turn sb. into…把某人变为…；made sb. +宾补，使某人怎样；cause sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事，故此处只能选qualify,即A。 59.【答案】A ?【译文】我的工作在公司里比别的其它人都好。 【试题分析】此处考名词所有格的用法。 【详细解答】someone else 属集体所有格，应放在后位修饰词后面。再如：a week or so’s break (一周左右的休息)an hour and a half’s test (一个半时的测试) 60.【答案】D ?【译文】因为发现很难适应北方的气候，我们决定迁往南方。 【试题分析】动词辨析题。 【详细解答】fit suit 意为适合，后面直接跟名词和名词词组。adopt 意为“采用，收养，而只有adapt 意为适应，adapt oneself to circumstances: 适应环境。故结合句意，应选D。 61.【答案】A ?【译文】面对暂时的困难时决不能失去信心。 【试题分析】此题考动词confront 的用法，其搭配是sb. be confronted with sth.:某人面临某物，因主句和公句主语一致时可省略分句主语，故A为正确答案。 62.【答案】A ?【译文】我们刚赶到车站火车就离开了。 【试题分析】此处考否定副词置句首的句子倒装这一语法点。 【详细解答】因此A、D符合。但考虑到语态一致，故只能选A。再如：No sooner had she begun to speak than the students interrupted her. (她刚一开始讲话就被学生们打断了。) 63.【答案】A ?【译文】你或我下周要去北京吗? 【试题分析】此处考主谓一致。 【详细解答】此处根据就近一致原则，be动词距you近，故选A。再如Either you or I am responsible for the mistake. (你或我总得有一人地错误承担责任。)需要指出的是此种一致只出现在非正式文体中，语法一致才是主谓一致的主要原则。 64.【答案】B ?【译文】由于在路边撞倒了一辆自行车，我自己的轿车也受到了损害。 【试题分析】词义辨析题。 【详细解答】injure 指事故中对人或动物造成身体的伤害；damage 指破坏物体，损害、损伤、损毁；destroy 指彻底地毁灭；crush 指压坏，挤坏，捣碎。故选B。 65.【答案】C ?【译文】据估计人类生命在地球上已存在大约30万年了。 【试题分析】estimate 的用法。 【详细解答】We estimated his income to be about ￡9000 a year.(我们估计他一年的收入大约9000英镑。)即estimate…to do sth. 人类存在30万年是已然的事实 ，故应用完成时。因此C为答案。 66.【答案】D ?【译文】这是我唯一最喜欢的小说。 【试题分析】此处考定语从连接词的用法。 【详细解答】当先行词前有all, any, some, every, no, only和形容词最高级，序数词复合词时，连接词只能用that。再如：All that glitters is not gold.(闪亮的并不都是金子。) 67.【答案】C ?【译文】星期天的电影票拿不到。 【试题分析】形容词辨析题。possible:可能的；considerable: (数量、程度、距离等)相当的，可观的；available(物)可用的或可得到的，如：You will be informed when the book becomes available (这本书有售时就通知你。)preferable:更可取的，更称心的，更适宜的，如：Cold food would be preferable in this heat. (在这样的热天吃冷食更好。) 68.【答案】C ?【译文】英国人在被介绍给别人时通常会握手。 【试题分析】此题考现在分词的被动式作状语的用法。 【详细解答】再如：Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse. 有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。分词动作与谓语动作同时发生。on此处意为就在某时或某场合。再如，On my asking for information I was told I must wait.(我一打听，说我得等着。) 69.【答案】D ?【译文】他采蜂蜜时被蜜蜂叮了。 【试题分析】词义辨析题。 【详细解答】stir：搅拌，搅动；bite:咬；scratch:扰，抓，扒；sting:叮，刺痛(蜜蜂等)，故选D。 70.【答案】C ?【译文】在轿车消失在拐角前我瞥见了。 【试题分析】词义辨析题。 【详细解答】glare:瞪眼；gleam：微光，闪光；glinpse:一瞥，瞥见。glance:一眼，一看。如：a gleam of hope(一线希望)get a glimpse of HongKong (香港一瞥)；take a glance at the newspaper:看一看报纸。 ? Part Ⅳ? Translation 71.【答案】但过去人们也通常认为有效的报酬，至少在人类和其它动物发生后不久，得直接与诸如饥渴之类的基本生理需求联系在一起。 【详细解答】①used to 表过去常常怎样；②to widely believed that 被动应译成主动，加上被省略的“人们”；③used to 的“常常”和widely的“广泛”之意有重合，译成“通常”即 可；④in the early stages 之后省略了babies—and other creatures,这由上一句可知， 翻译时应补出来；⑤be related to：与……相关；⑥such…as…译为“诸如……此类的”。 72.【答案】鱼接二连三地死了；海鸟沾满石油，无望地挣扎着；海岸边的渡假胜地也 连续几周被迫停业。 【详细解答】①shoals of fishes 本意指鱼群，即很多的鱼，这里转移成“接二连三”更突出了 死的鱼多并增强句子的生动性；②由于并列分句间结构一致，seabirds和holiday resorts 后均省略了“were”；③be fouled with: 沾满，弄脏成；④hopelessly 本意是“无望地 ”，为了增强句子动感，译成“无望地挣扎着”，实际上看到怎样的句子可以想象电视新闻 里见到的海鸟变黑油鸟，在油污里要死不活的样子。⑤put out of business: 被迫停业。 73.【答案】要是大型喷气机摔到处理危险液体的大型化工厂，那会有什么结果呢? 【详细解答】①a jumbojet:巨型，大型喷气式飞机；②handling destroying liquids:“处理、生产毁灭性液体，即危险液体”是现在分词作plant 的后置定语，翻译时应置前；③plan t:不是植物之意而是工厂；④what would be: 注意句中的虚拟含义，故译时用“要是……那 ”来凸显。 74.【答案】社会学家对于居民流动性的兴趣来自两方面：其一是对人类生态学的研究；其二是对城市生活特有属性的关注。 【详细解答】①residential mobility: 居民流动性；②for sb. sth. has two sources: 对某人来说，某物有两个来源，这是直译，按照汉语习惯，可直接将sb. 作sth 的定语，译成sb. 对于sth. 的兴趣；“有两个来源”可译成“来自两方面”。③第二个分句前的from省略了stemming。 75.【答案】有时肌肉并未直接连在骨头上，而是连在结实的不可延展的带上，或是连在与骨头相连的腱上。 【详细解答】①but to 译成“而是”，此处虽表转折之意，但语气不强；②be attached to: 与……相连，附着在……上；③cord:身体上细长柔韧如绳子的部分，如：the spinal cord 脊髓；the vocal cords 声带；tendon:腱。④that is attached to the bone:定语从句翻译时应置于先行词之前。 ? Part Ⅴ? Writing Millions of workers had been laid off from the country’s moneylosing or bankrupt enterprises by the end of last year. The figure is expected to go on to rise as science and technology become more advanced and reform of the stateowned enterprises goes ahead. To solve the reemployment problem of the dismissed workers is of vital importance to China’s reform, development and stability. Although financial and of the central government may help temporarily, the lasting remedy is to provide professional training to these laidoff workers and those in danger of losing their jobs. Most laidoff workers don’t know the new technology and techniques, how can they find new jobs in such knowledgebased society? Some people are skilled at their jobs, but when they are fired, they have to learn new skills to suit new job. Some statistics indicates that trained workers are three times as likely to be reemployed as those who did not participate in training programmes. Thus, in my opinion, training network should be formed immediately to cover as many laidoff workers as possible to enhance their abilities to face challenges. In addition, facilities and employment centres run by trade unions should join hands with local authorities to provide timely job information for laidoff workers.