Teaching
Objective
Master the key words and structures,and learn something
about the rainforest,The students are required to
understand the importance of environmental protection,
Teaching
Procedures
Key
Points
Vocabulary
Structure
Skills
absorb atmosphere contain economic
establish greenhouse impression process
purchase rainforest resource solution
vary speed up no more than carbon dioxide
It is the modern world that has speeded up…
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause…
Using word parts to find out the meanings of words
Reading a chart
Layout of business letters
Lead In Activity; Study of the Text; Study of Words and
Phrases; Study of Read More; Study of Practical Reading;
Study of Practical Writing
Lead In
1,Paradise Lost
2,Rainforest
3,Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
4,Amazon (River)
5,Topic-related Words and Phrases
Text Study
1,Global Reading
2,Detailed Reading
Global Reading
1.Questions and Answers
2.Text Analysis
4,Group Discussion
Consolidation
1,Dictation
2,Words and Phrases
3,Listening Practice
2,Practical Reading
Language Application
1,Practical Writing
Drills for PRETCO Test
1,Listening Comprehension
2,Vocabulary and Structure
3,Translation
Paradise Lost
The masterpiece of the English poet John Milton (1608 - 1674)
and one of the greatest poems in world literature,It was
published in 1667 and tells the story of Satan’s (撒旦 ) rebellion
against God and his expulsion from heaven and the subsequent
temptation and expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of
Eden,
Paradise Lost
Satan’s expulsion from Heaven Temptation of Adam and Eve by Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden
Rainforest
Woodland is characterized by lush vegetation and heavy
rainfall,Rainforests are the world’s most biologically diverse
ecosystems,Although they cover less than 10 percent of the
Earth’s surface,tropical rainforests provide habitat for 50 to 90
percent of the world’s plant and animal species,Tropical rain-
forests are called the,jewel of the Earth,” the,Earth’s lungs,”
and the,world’s largest pharmacy” because of the large amount
of natural medicines discovered there,
The largest tropical rainforests exist in South America’s
Amazon basin (the Amazon Rainforest),in the equatorial portions
of the Democratic Republic of Congo,and in much of Indonesia,
Temperate rainforests,dominated by only a few species of trees,
are found along the Pacific coast of North America from Alaska
through Washington state,in the former Yugoslavia,and in parts
of Japan,
Rainforest
Tropical
rainforest
Temperate
rainforest
Distribution of tropical rainforests
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
Italian Spanish navigator who sailed across the Atlantic
Ocean in 1492,in an attempt to find a shorter route to India,He
made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America
during the years 1492-1504,He achieved fame by making landfall
in the Americas,which he later called the,New World.” The
arrival of his ships in the Western Hemisphere was one of the
pivotal events in world history,It opened up a new world for
Europeans and initiated the spread of Western civilization to a
new hemisphere,
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus
Amazon (River)
The Amazon River is the largest river in the world,With its
more than 1,000 tributaries,the Amazon River network
encompasses almost half of South America,The Amazon itself is
6,516 km (4,050 miles) long,Only the Nile River is longer,Its
total drainage basin is nearly as large as the entire United States,
with roughly half in Brazil and the rest in Peru,Ecuador,Bolivia,
and Venezuela,The Amazon Basin has a very warm and humid
climate,It rains almost 200 days of the year,and the annual
rainfall exceeds 2,000 mm (80 inches),The Amazon has by far
the greatest total flow of any river,carrying more water than the
Mississippi,Nile,and Yangtze Rivers combined,
Amazon (River)
the Amazon Basin
Topic-related Words and Phrases
deforestation,the removal of the forest by humans chiefly as a
result of clearing land for commercial and industrial
development,The rate of clearance has been increasing rapidly,
Estimates of deforestation of tropical forest for the 1990s range
from ca,55,630 km2 to ca,120,000 km2 each year,At this rate,
all tropical forests may be gone in less than 80 years,
Deforestation is often cited as one of the major causes of the
enhanced greenhouse effect,the promotion of soil erosion and
the destruction of the habitats that support biological diversity,
Topic-related Words and Phrases
Satellite images of progressive deforestation (in 1975,
1986,1992 from left to right.)
Topic-related Words and Phrases
ecology,the branch of science that studies the distribution and
abundance of living organisms,and the interactions between
organisms and their physical and biological environment,The
physical environment includes light and heat or solar radiation,
moisture,wind,oxygen,carbon dioxide,nutrients in soil,water,
and atmosphere,The biological environment includes organisms
of the same kind as well as other plants and animals,
Topic-related Words and Phrases
El Ni?o,Originally recognized by fishermen off the coast of South
America (Peru and Ecuador),El Ni?o is the warming of the surface
waters of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that occurs at irregular
intervals of 2-7 years,usually lasting 1-2 years,Because this condition
often occurs around Christmas,local fishermen named it El Ni?o
(Spanish for boy child,referring to the Child,Jesus),In most years the
warming lasts only a few weeks or a month,However,when El Ni?o
conditions last for many months,more extensive ocean warming
occurs and economic results can be disastrous,Recent El Ni?os have
occurred in 1986-1987,1991-1992,1993,1994,1997-1998,2002-
2003,and a new El Ni?o has been in effect since September 2004,
global warming,a term used to describe an increase,over a period of
time,of the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere,Global
warming theories attempt to account for the rise in average global
temperatures since the late 19th century (about 0.6° C) and assess
the extent to which the effects are due to human causes,The most
common global warming theories attribute temperature increases to
increases in the greenhouse effect caused primarily by anthropogenic
(human-generated) carbon dioxide and to possible increases in solar
activity,
Topic-related Words and Phrases
Chart of abnormal ocean surface
temperatures [oC] observed in
December 1997
ozone,pale blue,highly poisonous gas with a strong odor,Ozone is considered a pollutant at ground level,but the ozone layer of the
upper atmosphere protects life on Earth from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation,Ozone is one of three forms,called allotropes,
of the element oxygen,Ozone is triatomic,meaning that it has three atoms in each molecule (formula O
3),Ordinary,or diatomic,oxygen (O
2) is more stable than ozone and accounts for the bulk of oxygen in the atmosphere,Electrical sparks and ultraviolet light can cause
ordinary oxygen to form ozone,The presence of ozone sometimes causes a detectable odor near electrical outlets,
Topic-related Words and Phrases
The instrumental record of global average temperatures
as compiled by the Climatic Research Unit of the
University of East Anglia and the Hadley Centre of the UK
Meteorological Office,
His description was the first known written one about
the rainforest,
Questions and Answers
Directions,Skim the paragraphs for answers to the following
questions,
He thought it was most beautiful and quite
different from that in Europe,with flowers and
fruits,and little birds singing sweetly,
Paragraph 1,
Question,How did Columbus think of the rainforest?
Answer,
Paragraph 2,
Question,What is special about Columbus’ description of the
rainforest?
Answer,
In the author’s view,the rainforests are the oldest,
Paragraph 3,
What are the oldest communities of living things on
the Earth?
Answer,
Question,
The rainforests cover no more than seven percent of the
earth’s surface today,
Paragraph 4,
What do you know about the rainforests in the
world today?
Answer,
Question,
“The secondary growth” refers to the new growth
after the original growth has been destroyed,
Paragraph 5,
What is,the secondary growth”?
Answer,
Question,
Modern technology doubtlessly increases efficiency
when people try to cut down trees,
Paragraph 6,
How does the modern world speed up the process of
destruction?
Answer,
Question,
It is human beings that are to blame for such
destruction,
Paragraph 7,
Who is to blame for the destruction of rainforests?
Answer,
Question,
When the trees are cut down,the soil washes away
easily,
Paragraph 8,
How does the land become desert according to the
passage?
Answer,
Question,
The problem is mainly caused by the governments that
have to pay their debts,the settlers who need money
to feed their families,and the companies that want to
make profits,
Paragraph 9,
What caused the problem mentioned in this passage?
Answer,
Question,
Text Analysis
Main Ideas
Columbus’ first description of rainforests,
Although beautiful,rainforests are fragile,
The city of London was once covered by rainforests,
Today rainforests only exist in a small part of the world,
1
2
3
4
Paragraphs
5
6
7
8
9
The effect of the clearing of rainforests,
Modern technology speeds up the destruction,
Human beings are the biggest cause of destruction,
The negative effect on land,climate,global temperature,
The economic origin of the problem and the solution,
Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in
the world,but now they are dying out,What has happened?
Read In
Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in
the world,but now they are dying out,What has happened?
Read In
Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in
the world,but now they are dying out,What has happened?
die out,become extinct or cease to exist gradually
灭绝, 逐渐消失
e.g,Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago,
It’s a custom which is beginning to die out,
cf,die off,die gradually one by one,till none are left
(refers to animals or plants) 相继死去直至死光
e.g,The widow was still in her middle-age when her
relatives died off,
e.g,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher Columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
It remains hard to beat,
Paraphrase,
The written description of a rainforest in the New World has
always been one of the best of its kind,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
description n,a statement or a piece of writing that tells
what sth,or sb,is like 描写, 记述, 描述
e.g,I gave the p lice a description of the stolen jewellery,
Extended words,describe,descriptive
The beauty of the Rockies is beyond description,e.g,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
beat v,defeat (a competitor),or do or be better than (sb,
or sth.) 击败；胜过
e.g,We played the top class at football but we couldn’t
at hem,
The room wasn’t much,but it beat driving to a hotel
20 miles away,
e.g,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
extraordinarily ad,very unusually 非常地, 特别地, 格外
e.g,Her last album was extraordinarily successful,
We found him extraordinarily well-informed on
American affairs,
e.g,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
fragile a,easily damaged,broken,or harmed
易被损坏的；易碎的；脆弱的
e.g,Be careful with that vase — it’s very fragile,
I felt rather fragile (= weak) for a few days after the
operation,
e.g,
Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of
London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old,
That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the
planet,
Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of
London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old,
That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the
planet,
Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of
London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old,
That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the
planet,
make v,cause to be,become,usually by having the necessary
qualities or characteristics 使成为,成为
e.g,It’s the good weather that makes Spain such a popular
tourist destination,
Iced t a makes a good drink in summer,e.g,
She decided the back room would make a good study,e.g,
Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of
London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old,
That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the
planet,
community n,the people living in one particular area or
people who are considered as a unit because of
their common interests,background or
nationality; a group of animals or plants that
live or grow together
社区, 社会, 公众, …界； （ 生态 ） 群落
e.g,Bus fares were raised despite the protests of the
community,
Her speech caused outrage among the scientific
community,
e.g,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
no/not more than,used to emphasize h w mall a number
or amount is 只不过, 仅仅
e.g,There are beautiful mountains not more than ten
minutes’ drive away,
Each box requires no more than a few hours of labor
to build,
e.g,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
contain v,have sth,inside,or hold sth,包含, 含有
e.g,Factory shops contain a wide range of cheap
furnishings,
The book contains all the information you need,e.g,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
species n,a class of plants or animals whose members have
the same main characteristics and are able to
breed with each other
（ 植物或动物的 ） 种, 物种, 人种
e.g,Pandas are an endangered species,
There are several thousand species of trees here,e.g,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
remaining a,still left or still existing 剩下的, 剩余的
e.g,The United States has withdrawn the remaining staff
from its embassy,
Extended word,remain
e.g,The three parties ill meet next month to work out
remaining differences,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
clear v,remove or get rid of whatever is blocking or filling
sth.,or move people away from (a place) 清除, 清
理；搬移, 拿走；开垦, 砍伐
e.g,I’ll make the coffee if you’ll clear the table,
Paul helped his elderly neighbour by clearing her path
of snow/clearing snow from her path,
After the bomb threat,police cleared the area until it
was searched,
e.g,
e.g,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
establish v,grow,or cause a plant to grow,successfully in a
new place （ 植物, 树木等 ） 生长, 长成
e.g,The new owners established an avenue of poplars,
Keep the ea weeded to allow the seedlings to
establish,
e.g,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
secondary a,derived from sth,original
非原始的, 间接的；次生的, 二代的
e.g,The drug is not very effective against AIDS,though it
may be used to treat secondary viral infections,
You can’t just rely on secondary sources for your
research into her life history — you ought to look at
primary sources such as her letters and diaries,
e.g,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
varied a,having or showing many different types,or
changing often 各式各样的, 有变化的
e.g,It is ess ntial that your diet is varied and balanced,
Extended words,vary,variation,variety,various
Before his election to the presidency,Mitterrand had
enjoyed a long and varied career,
e.g,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
be to blame,be responsible for sth,that happens
应该受责, 是罪魁祸首
e.g,The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident,
The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst
une ployme t in Europe,
e.g,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
speed up,go or happen faster,or cause (sth.) to happen
faster 加快速度
e.g,The van suddenly speeded up and went through a red
light,
He developed a new system to help speed up the work,e.g,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
process n,a series of actions to achieve an aim; a series of
changes that happen naturally 程序, 步骤, 过程
e.g,This decision may delay the process of European
unification,
She arrived at the correct answer by a process of
elimination,
Scientists wanted to find out how the process of aging
could be slowed down,
e.g,
e.g,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
The gas rises and traps the sun’s eat in much th same way
as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow but steady
build-up of temperature,
Paraphrase,
The gas of carbon dioxide in t e air absorbs the heat of the
sun just as a glass greenhouse does in a sunny day,thus
increasing the global temperature over the years,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
worse still,much worse than,severer than
更糟的是, 更坏的是
e.g,Worse still,their reflective glasses coated with silver or
gold mirror films raise the temperature of the
surrounding air,
cf,to make matters worse,to make a bad or difficult
situation worse 更糟的是
e.g,Three of our players were ill,and to make matters
worse,our main scorer had broken his ankle,
e.g,Worse still,rubbishy commercials and harmful
programmes lead to bad taste and a distorted viewpoint
towards human life,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
absorb v,take sth,in,specially gradually 吸收
e.g,The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream,
In cold climates,houses n ed to hav walls that will
absorb heat,
e.g,
Extended word,absorption
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
trap v,prevent (air,gas,heat,or a fluid) from escaping or
prevent (sb,or an animal) from getting out
挡住, 拦住 （ 不让逃逸 ） ；困住, 设陷阱捕捉
e.g,A greenhouse stays warm because the glass traps the
heat of the sun,
The two men trapped in a burning building died,e.g,
e.g,Wool traps your body heat,keeping the chill at bay,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
build-up n,a gradual increase in sth,集结；增大, 累积
e.g,Th build-up of troops in the region mak s war seem
more ikely,
cf,build up,increase or develop gradually
逐步增大, 发展, 累积
e.g,Tension is building up between the two communities,
The disease can also cause a build-up of pressur in the
inner ear leading to severe earache,
e.g,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
On the other hand,if we buy recyclable wood products and
insist on a type of inexhaustible rainforest resources for
repeated uses,we are then already part of the solution to
the problem of rainforests and we human beings will be
saved,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest res ur es,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human being that will be saved,
On the other hand,by purchasing renewable rainforest
products,and demanding sustainable harvesting of rainforest
resources,we all can be part of the solution and it is human
beings that will be saved,
Paraphrase,
On the other hand,if we buy recyclable wood products and
insist on a type of inexhaustible rainforest resources for
repeated uses,we are then already part of the solution to
the problem of rainforests and we human beings will be
saved,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
economic a,of or relating to economics
经济 （ 上 ） 的, 经济学的
e.g,Here I provide a qualitative assess ent of the current
economic reforms,
cf,economical a,not using a lot of fuel,money,etc,
节俭的,节省的
e.g,There’s an increasing demand for cars more economical
on fuel,
Extended word,economy
The pace of economic growth is picking up,e.g,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
renewable a,(of a form of energy,resource) able to be
sustained or renewed indefinitely,either
because of inexhaustible supplies or because
of new g owth; (of an official document)
capable of being lengthened for an extra
period of time 可更新的,可再生的 ; 可延期的,可续订的
e.g,Plans to incr ase renewable energy sources such as wind
and wave power are welcomed by environmental
pressure groups,
Extended words,renew,renewal
e.g,An annually renewable contract is signed,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
sustainable a,causing little or no damage to the environment
and th refore able to continu for a long time
可持续的, 能保持的
e.g,A large int rnational m eting was h ld with the aim of
promoting sustainable development in all countries,
Extended words,sustain,sustainability
Try to buy wood that you know has come from a
sustainable source,
e.g,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
solution n,the answer to a problem 答案, 解决办法, 解决方案
e.g,When you finish d ing the cr ssword,the solutio is on
the ack page,
Extended word,solve
She just seems so unhappy and I don’t know what the
solution is,
e.g,
Dictation
Directions,Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks,
Once the most beautiful and oldest of living things
on the earth,are now being destroyed,The first cause
of has been men’s craziness for land,while the modern
technology to people the horrible process of
such destruction,Worse still,the of rainforests has
disastrously led to the of water sources and the
of global temperature,Nevertheless,there is still
hope for a to this problem if human beings will take some
,
communities ___________
rainforests__________
available ________
destruction ___________
has sped up ___________
solution_______
shortage_________
shrinkage __________
warming-up ___________
preventive measures___________________
very unusual or surprising
easily damaged,spoilt,or destroyed
continue to be in the same state or condition
gather in crops
buy something
be different from each other
only,just
carry away with liquid
make money by selling or doing business
a possible method of solving a problem
Words and Phrases
Directions,Write out a word according to the meaning given
below,
Section A
remain ___________
extraordinary ____________
fragile ____________
harvest ___________
purchase ___________
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
vary ___________
no more than ____________
wash away ____________
make profits ____________
the way out ____________
1,She has given the police a very detailed (describe) of
the robber,
2,Many people are very concerned about the (destroy)
of the rainforests,
3,It makes a very bad (impress) if you’re late for an interview,
4,To promote (economy) development and encourage
export,the government has given away a considerable amount of
tax revenue,
Directions,Complete the sentences with the proper forms of
the words given in parentheses,
Words and Phrases
description__________
Section B
destruction ___________
impression __________
eco omic __________
5,Plant (grow) is most noticeable in spring and early summer,
6,With its (vary) climate,the country attracts both winter
and summer sports enthusiasts,
7,Some poisonous gases can enter the body by (absorb)
through the skin,
growth _______
absorption __________
varied ______
Words and Phrases
Directions,Complete the sentences with the proper forms of
the words given in parentheses,
Section B
8,Bernstein’s two (remain) lectures will take place on
January 22 and 23,
9,Every year I (renewable) my membership of the sports
club,
10,A house is the most expensive (purchase) that most
people ever make,
remaining _________
renew ________
Words and Phrases
purchase _________
Directions,Complete the sentences with the proper forms of
the words given in parentheses,
Section B
1.We lost our way in the forest.,night began to fall,
2.He be in the reading room,preparing for the final
exams,
3.Both taxable items and the amount of tax considerably
from place to place,from one or two percent in some places
up to eight or ten in others,
Directions,Fill in the blanks with words and phrases chosen from
the following box,Change the forms where necessary,
Section C
renew vary absorb no more than harvest make a profit
be likely to speed up sustainable worse still
Words and Phrases
Worse still __________
is likely to __________
vary ______
4.The local government has come to realize the importance of
development,
5.As autumn comes,farmers are busy their crops,
6.The job was for a fixed term and the contract is not
,
7.I suppose there were two thousand students
present at the meeting,
Section C
renew vary absorb no more than harvest make a profit
be likely to speed up sustainable worse still
Words and Phrases
sustainable__________
harvesting __________
no more than_____________
being
renewed
_______
_______
Directions,Fill in the blanks with words and phrases chosen from
the following box,Change the forms where necessary,
8,If you your work,we can manage to finish it
before dark,
Directions,Fill in the blanks with words and phrases chosen from
the following box,Change the forms where necessary,
Section C
renew vary absorb no more than harvest make a profit
be likely to speed up sustainable worse still
Words and Phrases
speed up ________
9,The black clay soil around here doesn’t water very
well,
10.Well,after operating for twelve months,our business now
of $3500 on average every month,
absorb________
makes a profit ______________
Listening Practice
Directions,Listen to the following passage,And decide
whether the following sentences are,T” or,F.”
Sewage can not be recycled as drinking water,
Man can live longer without food than without water,
Automobiles are mainly responsible for air pollution in cities,
Pollution control is not effective in cars even equipped with
pollution-control devices,
We should use fuels like gas and oil in power plants,factories
and apartment buildings,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
F ( )
Script
T ( )
T ( )
F ( )
T ( )
Listening Practice
Directions,Listen to the following passage,And decide
whether the following sentences are,T” or,F.”
Sewage can not be recycled as drinking water,
Man can live longer without food than without water,
Automobiles are mainly responsible for air pollution in cities,
Pollution control is not effective in cars even equipped with
pollution-control devices,
We should use fuels like gas and oil in power plants,factories
and apartment buildings,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
F ( )
Script
T ( )
T ( )
F ( )
T ( )
More and m re cit es are building se age-treatment
plants,Instead of being dump d into a nearby riv r or lake,
sewage is sent through a system of underground pipes to a
giant tank where the water is separated from solid material,
purified,and returned for reuse to the community water
supply,The solid material is converted into fertilizer or made
into bricks,
Controlling air pollution is another crucial objective,
Without food,man can live about five weeks; without water
about five days,Without air,he can only live five minutes,so
pure air is a must,Here the wrongdoer is the automobile,
Where there is a concentration of automobiles,as in our big
cities,air pollution is severe,It is important to see that our
cars are equipped with pollution-control devices,
Listening Practice
Directions,Listen to the following passage,And decide
whether the following sentences are,T” or,F.”
Sewage can not be recycled as drinking water,
Man can live longer without food than without water,
Automobiles are mainly responsible for air pollution in cities,
Pollution control is not effective in cars even equipped with
pollution-control devices,
We should use fuels like gas and oil in power plants,factories
and apartment buildings,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
F ( )
Script
T ( )
T ( )
F ( )
T ( )
Power plants,factories,and apartment buildings can also
avoid air pollution,Whenever possible,they should use clean
fuels like gas and oil,
Group Discussion
Directions,Listen to the following passage,Then discuss the
following questions in small groups and a couple of
students will represent their groups to report their
discussion to the whole class,The following words and
expressions are for your reference,
Environment means the land,water and atmosphere we
live by,Environment is the earth,the only planet and home
for the human race,No one will doubt that we can never
survive while the land,water and atmosphere are seriously
polluted,
However,this is the situation we are facing today,Every
day,every hour,the air,forests,soil,oceans and fresh water
are becoming dirtier and dirtier with increasing speed,which
threatens our existence,There are mainly two causes of the
environmental problems,the excessive use of natural
resources and massive discharge of polluted waste in the
course of production,
Preserving the environment is of crucial importance to
mankind today,We must take immediate measures to fight against
pollution.,Conquering nature” should never be our goal; instead,
we should take nature as our closest friend,Preserving the
environment is preserving not only our home but also the
civilization of the human community,
Environmental Protection in My Eyes
air pollution,automobile exhaust,smog; water pollution,
dump sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes,drinking
water polluted,health harmed,large increase of cases of
cancer,ocean pollution,killing fish,deprive ourselves of
invaluable food supply; land pollution,garbage dumping,
uncontrolled use of insecticides,wildlife killing,massive
cutting down of forests for timber,soil washing away; noise
pollution from cars,buses,trucks,supermarkets; take
measures,legislation,punishment,public action,do our own
part
Reference words and expressions,
Practical Writing
Layout of Business Letter
1.Sample
2.Notes of Format
4.Do It Yourself
3.Basic Patterns
Ocean View Supplies Inc,
1459 Atlantic Drive,Asbury Park,NJ 07712 Letterhead
Inside name and address
Reference
Date Salutation
Body of the letter
Mr,James Green
Purchasing Manager
Green Industries Inc,
999 Park Avenue
Rockford,IL 61125
USA
Dear Mr,Green,
January 29,2005
We acknowledge receipt of your letter of January 23 regarding the non-
delivery of the consignment of your order No,2K0912,We have inquired our
forwarding agents for the matter,and they have told us that the 12 cases
of your consignment were unloaded in error at Belvidere,and are awaiting
Your Ref.,GS/BC/44
Our Ref.,DJ/GS/2
transshipment to your port,
We have instructed our agents at Belvidere to send the cases to you by the
earliest opportunity,which we believe will be done sometime next week,
We must apologize for the inconvenience caused to you,We have sent our
protest to the shipping company,
Complimentary close
Signature
Designation
Best regards,
Fred Durall
Sales Manager
Notes of Format
a)商贸信函是贸易活动中买卖双方互通信息的重要手段和行为依据，必须精心撰
写和妥善保存。信函的格式和语言要符合规范，简单明了，用词准确。
b)商业信函的流行版面格式主要有：齐头式（ Blocked Style），各部分内容均从
左边开始，每行左对齐；混合式（ Modified Style），信内收信人姓名和地址
用齐头式，但正文各段落的首行则均缩进六个字母，表敬意的结尾、写信人签
名与职位一般放在栏中线右侧。
c)商贸信函的必须部分包括：信头（ the letterhead）、日期（ the date）、信
内姓名与地址（ the inside name and address）、称呼（ the salutation）,
正文（ the body of the letter）、结尾礼词（ the complimentary close）和
写信人签名与职位（ the writer’s signature and designation）七部分。
d)商贸信函的可选部分包括：编号（ Reference），包括你方编号（ Your ref.）
和我方编号（ Our ref.）、附件（ Enclosure）、收件人（ Attention）、主题
（ Subject）和副本抄送（ c.c,）。
1) Thank you for your inquiry of September 21 regarding our
new products,
2) We have received your letter of 4th December and instructed
our bank to amend the L/C as requested,
3) In answer to your letter of April 14 we are enclosing our
latest catalogue of lowest price,
4) We are pleased to inform you that we have shipped your
order No,1051 for our products,
九月二十一日询问本公司新产品一函敬悉，谢谢！
兹函复四月十四日来信，并随附本公司最低价格的最新产品目录一份。
Basic Patterns
贵方 1051号订单所订购货物，业已装运，特此奉告。
根据贵方十一月四日来函要求修改信用证一事，业已通知银行办理。
5) Thank you for your letter of July 15 offering a proposal for
establishing business relations with us,
6) There are 250 different items in the catalogue and our prices are
reasonable and our quality is good,
7) We are in receipt of your order as contained in the attached
purchase order form,
8) Attached is an accepted copy of your Purchase Security
Agreement for the car spares,
贵方七月十五日来函建议与我方建立业务联系一事敬悉，谢谢！
Basic Patterns
目录中 250件商品，价格合理，质量上乘。
贵方随信附寄的定购单收悉。
随信附寄的是双方接纳的汽车配件购买安全协议的复印件。
9) Under the Agreement,this contract is non-cancelable during the
term of the contract,
10) We would like to take this opportunity to express our
appreciation for your cooperation,
在协议生效之际，该合同在有效期内是不能取消的。
Basic Patterns
我们谨借此机会感谢各位的合作。
Do It Yourself
Directions,This part is to test your ability to do practical
writing,Complete the following letter
(Blocked Style) by putting Chinese in the
brackets into English,
Rebecca Brooks
Synergy Management Consultants
16 Pendall Way
Blackburn
BB12 8HT
26 April 2001
Re,Your quotation of 17 April
Dear Ms Brooks,
NORWEST
112 Milton Way
Poulton FY3 2PN
Lancashire
01254 882497
（ 此次来信, 请参见
贵方四月十七日的报价 ） regarding the one-day Business Excellence seminar
at your premises in Blackburn,
（ 很高兴, 我确认定购 ） on the Business
Excellence Level 3 seminar for six people on Tuesday 15 May,
As some of our managers are traveling from a distance,
（ 研讨会能不能上午十点再开始 ） instead of
9.30 am as stated in your quotation?
（ 请寄送有关这次研讨会的资料 ） and directions
for traveling by car,
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future,
Yours sincerely
Mr Alan Pickering
I am writing with reference to your quotation of 17 April __________________________________________________
I am pleased to confirm the booking ________________________________
to start the seminar at 10.00 am
would it be possible
_____________________________
_________________
information about the seminar
I would be grateful if you could send me
___________________________
___________________________________
Task 1
Directions,
Practical Reading
Read the pie chart below carefully,Then
complete the chart following it with the
information you have got from the pie chart,
Remember to write your answers in the
corresponding space,
Investment in Beijing from Different Countries and Regions
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic
Japan — 19.2%
U.S.A.—16%
Other 23 countries — 21.8%
of China — 44%
Since China opened its door to the outside world in 1979,Beijing has
achieved remarkable results in attracting foreign business to invest in
joint ventures,According to the pie chart,the investors in different
enterprises come from 1) countries and regions,Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China investment ranks
2),accounting for 3) per cent of the total,Japan’s investment
makes up 19.2 per cent,putting it in 4) spot,Third is the United
States at 5) per cent,
first
second
44
16
26 __
___ ___
_____
__
Task 2
Directions,
Practical Reading
The following is a list of terms for environmental
preservation,After reading them,you are required to
find the Chinese equivalents in the table below,Then
you should put the corresponding letters in the
brackets,
A forest ecosystems I temperate forests
B afforestation J vegetation
C coniferous forests K desertification
D deforestation L forest conservation
E greenbelts M global warming
F reafforestation N temperate woodlands
G revegetation O greenhouse effect
H tropical forests
Example,(A) 森林生态系统 (M) 全球变暖
6,沙漠化 温室效应
7,植被恢复 植树造林
8,针叶林 热带森林
9,植被 绿化带
10,森林砍伐 再造林
G
K O ( ) ( )
B ( ) ( )
C H ( ) ( )
J E ( ) ( )
D F ( ) ( )
Section A
Directions,This section is to test your ability to understand
short dialogues,There are five recorded dialogues
in it,After each dialogue,there is a recorded
question,Both the dialogues and the questions will
be spoken only once,When you hear a question,you
should decide on the correct answer from the four
choices marked A),B),C) and D),
Listening Comprehension
A) Two,
C) Three,
D) Four,
1,
Key
Script M,Good morning,Are there any flights to Beijing
next weekend?
W,Well,there are two flights in the morning and
three in the afternoon,Here’s the timetable,
Q,How many flights to Beijing are there on the
weekend?
B) Five,
2,
A) In a clinic,
B) In the students’ room,
D) In the test-room,
W,Could you please explain the homework for
tomorrow,Mr,Brown?
M,Certainly,Read the next unit in your textbook
and be prepared for classroom discussion of what
you’ve read,
Q,Where does this conversation most probably take
place?
Script
Key
C) In the classroom,
Script 3,
A) He can’t find the tickets,
B) He doesn’t want to sit close to the stage,
C) He would rather stand than sit down,
W,Let’s try to find seats near the stage,
M,Listen,we will be lucky if we can find a place to
stand at the concert,
Q,What does the man mean?
Key
D) He expects the hall to be crowded,
4,Script W,Excuse me,I think I see a,No Smoking” sign over
there,
M,Where? Oh,yes,you’re right,I’m awfully sorry,
Q,Which of the following is true?
A) The man is sorry he can’t smoke here,
B) The woman wants to know whether she can smoke
here,
D) The woman can see better than the man,
Key
C) The woman doesn’t want the man to smoke here,
M,Excuse me,could you tell me the way to the
nearest supermarket?
W,Yes,Go down the street and turn right at the bank,
You’ll see the supermarket on your left,
Q,What’s the man probably going to do?
5,
B) To go to work in a supermarket,
C) To go to a bank to withdraw some money,
D) To ask the way to the bank,
Script
Key A) To do some shopping in a supermarket,
Section B
Directions,This section is to test your ability to understand
short conversations,There are two recorded
conversations in it,After each conversation,there
are some recorded questions,Both the conversations
and the questions will be spoken twice,When you
hear a question,you should decide on the correct
answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and
D),
Hello,Linda,Come in,please,
Thank you,Tom,
What can I do for you,Linda?
I wonder if I can borrow your French-English Dictionary,
Sure,It ought to be here,on the bottom shelf,No,it isn’t
here,Where can it be?
Oh,don’t worry,If you can’t find it,I can buy one tomorrow,
It must be somewhere on these shelves,Oh,here it is on
the top shelf,
Thank you very much,I’ll bring it back in a couple of days,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
Script
Conversation 1
Key
6,
A) At Linda’s home,
C) In the classroom,
D) In the library,
Q,Where does the dialogue take place? Script
B) At Tom’s home,
Script 7,
A) Somewhere in Tom’s room,
B) Somewhere on the floor,
C) On the top shelf,
Q,Where did Tom think he had put the dictionary at
first?
Key
D) On the bottom shelf,
Script
Conversation 2
May I help you?
Yes,my nephew is graduating from college next week and I’d
like to get him a gift,
What price gift are you interested in? We’ll need to know
that before we begin looking,
Well,I usually spend about $20 for a gift,Do you have
anything nice for that price?
How about a pen and pencil? We could engrave his name on
them,
No,my brother gave him that for his birthday last year,
Well,then would he enjoy a chess set?
No,he doesn’t like chess very much,but he is quite athletic,
Then you could get him a handball set,
That’s a good idea,I’ll take it,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
Q,Who is the woman buying a gift for? 8,
A) Her son,
B) Her brother,
C) Her father,
Script
Key
D) Her nephew,
Q,How much does the woman want to spend on
the gift?
9,
B) 50 dollars,
C) 10 dollars,
D) 30 dollars,
Script
Key A) 20 dollars,
Key
Q,What is the probable relationship between
the man and the woman?
10,
A) Husband and wife,
B) Brother and sister,
C) Clerk and customer,
D) Customer and waiter,
Script
Section C
Directions,This section is to test your ability to comprehend
short passages,You will hear a recorded passage,
After that you will hear five questions,Both the
passage and the questions will be read twice,
When you hear a question,you should complete
the answer to it with a word or short phrase,
Script
Script
Section C
Directions,This section is to test your ability to comprehend
short passages,You will hear a recorded passage,
After that you will hear five questions,Both the
passage and the questions will be read twice,
When you hear a question,you should complete
the answer to it with a word or short phrase,
Buying a house is always a problem,as I’ve found out
several times,There was the one which looked all right,but
they were going to build a motorway through the back garden,
Another one I went to look at was cheap,but was on the
point of falling down,Then,when you are inspecting one of
the possibilities on your rapidly shortening list,you have to
keep a polite expression on your face as the proud owner
tells you how many hundreds of pounds he has spent on the
interior decorations,which you’d tear down at the first
opportunity,What about the neighbors? They are always
perfect,the most marvelous people you could imagine,But
wait till you move in — that’s when you find out about the all
night parties twice a week,to which they never invite you,
Even if you can find a place you want to buy,you still have to
raise the money for it,
You have to keep on your face,
She thought that is always a problem,
What does the speaker think is always a problem?
buying a house ______________
Script
What do you have to keep on your face according to the
speaker?
Script
Script What problem will you find after your moving in?
Script What is the speaker’s opinion of the neighbors?
Script What other problems do you have to solve besides
finding the place?
a polite expression _________________
all night parties
raise the money for it ____________________,
noisy ______,
You will find that the neighbors hold
twice a week
_______________
____________,
She thought that the neighbors were
You have to
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
Section A
Directions,In this section,there are ten incomplete sentences,
You are required to complete each one by deciding on
the most appropriate word or words from the four
choices marked A),B),C) and D),
Vocabulary and Structure
16.,we will set off as we planned,C_____
这是让步状语从句中的虚拟语气。此题涉及到省略和倒装的问题，应选 C,
原句为 whether it is good or bad。
A) Were it good or bad
B) Being good or bad
C) Be it good or bad
D) Whether good or bad
17,Sometimes we were asked we think the likely
result of an action will be,
A) that
B) if
C) what
D) whether
C
本句句意为, 有时候别人会问我们一种行为可能的结果是什么 。,
what引导的从句做 ask的间接宾语 。 若选 A,B,D都使从句缺乏宾
语, 故选 C。
_____
18,The student I thought to be hardworking failed in the
final exam,
A) who
B) whom
C) whose
D) of whom
the student做从句中 thought的宾语, 故用 B。
B ______
19,He was the only friend I made during the four years I was
at university,
A) what
B) since
C) which
D) that
正确答案为 D,本句句意为“他是我大学四年期间结交的唯一朋友。” B选
项 since与 during相冲突，选项 A不合题意。,I was at university”充当
,the four years”这个时间短语的定语，根据句意前面可用 during which
引导，但引导时间、原因、方式等定语的“介词 +关系代词”（ on which,
for which,in which等）可直接换成 that引导。
D____
20,The storm their hut,they had to live in a cave,
A) destroying
B) having been destroyed
C) having destroyed
D) to have been destroyed
本题涉及独立主格结构。前后两句主语不一致，前句须用独立主格结构。
同时两个谓语动词 destroy与 live有时间先后关系，且 the storm —
destroy — the hut为主动，故用 C。本句句意为“暴风雨摧毁了他们的
破屋，他们不得不住在一个山洞里。”
C_____
Section B
Fill in each blank with the proper form of the
word given in brackets,
Directions,
21,The (eliminate) of the fatal disease increased the
nation’s population,
elimination
这个致命疾病的消灭使该国人口增长。
22,There are a lot of Asian (immigrate) in the U.S.A,
美国有许多亚裔移民。
immigrants
在危急关头他所表现出的巨大勇气改变了形势。
___________
23,His (exhibit) of great courage at the critical moment
changed the situation,
exhibition _________
___________
谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
24,(modest) makes one progress while conceit makes
one lag behind,
Modesty
25,In (crowd) buses,people have to be vigilant
against thieves,
crowded ________
在拥挤的公交车上，人们得当心小偷。
26,At present,there is no (certain) that he will be
elected,
certainty_________
27,After Jack made an (apologize) to Mike,the two
became good friends again,
apology
目前，不能肯定他会当选。
________
杰克向迈克道歉后，两人又成了好朋友。
________
30,Over the years,the (tense) between the two
families gradually disappeared,
28,The (injury) were sent to hospital immediately
after the accident,
injured
事故发生后，伤者立刻被送去医院。
_______
29,Their excellent (perform) won the applause
of the audience,
tension______
他们出色的表演赢得了观众的掌声。
performance___________
经过许多年，这两家人之间的紧张关系渐渐消除了。
Directions,This part is to test your ability to translate English
into Chinese,After each sentence numbered from
31 to 34,you will read four choices of suggested
translation,You should choose the best translation
and write your translation of sentence numbered
35 in the corresponding space,
Translation
Key
31,
A) 临近傍晚如果你没有睡的话，到了入睡时间你会更乐意睡的。
B) 临近傍晚如果你没有睡上几个小时，到了入睡时间你会更乐意睡的。
C) 如果你傍晚没有睡上几个小时的话，到了入睡时间你会更乐意睡的。
D) 如果你傍晚没有睡的话，到了晚上睡觉时间你会更想睡的。
If you didn’t sleep for hours during the early part of the
evening,you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime,
Key
32,
A) 如果你这样子养成打发晚上时间的习惯，我相信你全天就不觉
得那么累。
B) 如果你能养成这样的打发晚上时间的习惯，我相信白天你会觉
得不那么累。
C) 如果你能养成这样的过夜习惯，我相信白天你会觉得不那么
累。
D) 如果你这样子养成打发晚上时间的习惯，我相信白天你会觉得
不那么累。
If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings
this way,I am sure you will feel less tired during the
day,
Key
33,
A） 你一旦花时间考虑别人对你所说的话的真正意思，你可以避免
犯另一个错误。
B） 你花时间考虑别人对你所说的话的真正意思的那一刻可以避免
犯另一个错误。
C） 你花一分钟想一下别人对你所说的话的真正意思可以使你避免
犯另一个错误。
D） 花时间认真考虑别人的话的真正意思，你就可以避免可能犯另
一个错误。
The moment you spend thinking about the real
meaning of what people say to you may prevent you
from making another mistake,
Key
34,He believes that the need for these psychological and
financial adjustments should be understood before people
marry,
A） 他相信人们在结婚前应该理解对心理及财务作调整的必要性。
B） 他相信人们在结婚前应该理解这些心理和财务方面的调整。
C） 他相信人们在结婚前应该理解心理和财务方面的需求。
D） 他相信人们在结婚前应该理解心理上的需求和财务上的调整。
In general,however,you should show the employer that
you will be good for him — because of your experience,
your skills,and your interest,It is particularly important
now for you to be neat,accurate,and pleasant,
expressing what you are offering in yourself through your
letter as much as you can,
Key 但是总的来说，你应该向老板表示，因为你的经验，你的技能，以及
你的兴趣，你对他是很有用的。现在对你尤其重要的是尽可能通过求
职信简练、精确、文雅地表达你自己。
35,
Objective
Master the key words and structures,and learn something
about the rainforest,The students are required to
understand the importance of environmental protection,
Teaching
Procedures
Key
Points
Vocabulary
Structure
Skills
absorb atmosphere contain economic
establish greenhouse impression process
purchase rainforest resource solution
vary speed up no more than carbon dioxide
It is the modern world that has speeded up…
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause…
Using word parts to find out the meanings of words
Reading a chart
Layout of business letters
Lead In Activity; Study of the Text; Study of Words and
Phrases; Study of Read More; Study of Practical Reading;
Study of Practical Writing
Lead In
1,Paradise Lost
2,Rainforest
3,Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
4,Amazon (River)
5,Topic-related Words and Phrases
Text Study
1,Global Reading
2,Detailed Reading
Global Reading
1.Questions and Answers
2.Text Analysis
4,Group Discussion
Consolidation
1,Dictation
2,Words and Phrases
3,Listening Practice
2,Practical Reading
Language Application
1,Practical Writing
Drills for PRETCO Test
1,Listening Comprehension
2,Vocabulary and Structure
3,Translation
Paradise Lost
The masterpiece of the English poet John Milton (1608 - 1674)
and one of the greatest poems in world literature,It was
published in 1667 and tells the story of Satan’s (撒旦 ) rebellion
against God and his expulsion from heaven and the subsequent
temptation and expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of
Eden,
Paradise Lost
Satan’s expulsion from Heaven Temptation of Adam and Eve by Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden
Rainforest
Woodland is characterized by lush vegetation and heavy
rainfall,Rainforests are the world’s most biologically diverse
ecosystems,Although they cover less than 10 percent of the
Earth’s surface,tropical rainforests provide habitat for 50 to 90
percent of the world’s plant and animal species,Tropical rain-
forests are called the,jewel of the Earth,” the,Earth’s lungs,”
and the,world’s largest pharmacy” because of the large amount
of natural medicines discovered there,
The largest tropical rainforests exist in South America’s
Amazon basin (the Amazon Rainforest),in the equatorial portions
of the Democratic Republic of Congo,and in much of Indonesia,
Temperate rainforests,dominated by only a few species of trees,
are found along the Pacific coast of North America from Alaska
through Washington state,in the former Yugoslavia,and in parts
of Japan,
Rainforest
Tropical
rainforest
Temperate
rainforest
Distribution of tropical rainforests
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
Italian Spanish navigator who sailed across the Atlantic
Ocean in 1492,in an attempt to find a shorter route to India,He
made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America
during the years 1492-1504,He achieved fame by making landfall
in the Americas,which he later called the,New World.” The
arrival of his ships in the Western Hemisphere was one of the
pivotal events in world history,It opened up a new world for
Europeans and initiated the spread of Western civilization to a
new hemisphere,
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus
Amazon (River)
The Amazon River is the largest river in the world,With its
more than 1,000 tributaries,the Amazon River network
encompasses almost half of South America,The Amazon itself is
6,516 km (4,050 miles) long,Only the Nile River is longer,Its
total drainage basin is nearly as large as the entire United States,
with roughly half in Brazil and the rest in Peru,Ecuador,Bolivia,
and Venezuela,The Amazon Basin has a very warm and humid
climate,It rains almost 200 days of the year,and the annual
rainfall exceeds 2,000 mm (80 inches),The Amazon has by far
the greatest total flow of any river,carrying more water than the
Mississippi,Nile,and Yangtze Rivers combined,
Amazon (River)
the Amazon Basin
Topic-related Words and Phrases
deforestation,the removal of the forest by humans chiefly as a
result of clearing land for commercial and industrial
development,The rate of clearance has been increasing rapidly,
Estimates of deforestation of tropical forest for the 1990s range
from ca,55,630 km2 to ca,120,000 km2 each year,At this rate,
all tropical forests may be gone in less than 80 years,
Deforestation is often cited as one of the major causes of the
enhanced greenhouse effect,the promotion of soil erosion and
the destruction of the habitats that support biological diversity,
Topic-related Words and Phrases
Satellite images of progressive deforestation (in 1975,
1986,1992 from left to right.)
Topic-related Words and Phrases
ecology,the branch of science that studies the distribution and
abundance of living organisms,and the interactions between
organisms and their physical and biological environment,The
physical environment includes light and heat or solar radiation,
moisture,wind,oxygen,carbon dioxide,nutrients in soil,water,
and atmosphere,The biological environment includes organisms
of the same kind as well as other plants and animals,
Topic-related Words and Phrases
El Ni?o,Originally recognized by fishermen off the coast of South
America (Peru and Ecuador),El Ni?o is the warming of the surface
waters of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that occurs at irregular
intervals of 2-7 years,usually lasting 1-2 years,Because this condition
often occurs around Christmas,local fishermen named it El Ni?o
(Spanish for boy child,referring to the Child,Jesus),In most years the
warming lasts only a few weeks or a month,However,when El Ni?o
conditions last for many months,more extensive ocean warming
occurs and economic results can be disastrous,Recent El Ni?os have
occurred in 1986-1987,1991-1992,1993,1994,1997-1998,2002-
2003,and a new El Ni?o has been in effect since September 2004,
global warming,a term used to describe an increase,over a period of
time,of the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere,Global
warming theories attempt to account for the rise in average global
temperatures since the late 19th century (about 0.6° C) and assess
the extent to which the effects are due to human causes,The most
common global warming theories attribute temperature increases to
increases in the greenhouse effect caused primarily by anthropogenic
(human-generated) carbon dioxide and to possible increases in solar
activity,
Topic-related Words and Phrases
Chart of abnormal ocean surface
temperatures [oC] observed in
December 1997
ozone,pale blue,highly poisonous gas with a strong odor,Ozone is considered a pollutant at ground level,but the ozone layer of the
upper atmosphere protects life on Earth from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation,Ozone is one of three forms,called allotropes,
of the element oxygen,Ozone is triatomic,meaning that it has three atoms in each molecule (formula O
3),Ordinary,or diatomic,oxygen (O
2) is more stable than ozone and accounts for the bulk of oxygen in the atmosphere,Electrical sparks and ultraviolet light can cause
ordinary oxygen to form ozone,The presence of ozone sometimes causes a detectable odor near electrical outlets,
Topic-related Words and Phrases
The instrumental record of global average temperatures
as compiled by the Climatic Research Unit of the
University of East Anglia and the Hadley Centre of the UK
Meteorological Office,
His description was the first known written one about
the rainforest,
Questions and Answers
Directions,Skim the paragraphs for answers to the following
questions,
He thought it was most beautiful and quite
different from that in Europe,with flowers and
fruits,and little birds singing sweetly,
Paragraph 1,
Question,How did Columbus think of the rainforest?
Answer,
Paragraph 2,
Question,What is special about Columbus’ description of the
rainforest?
Answer,
In the author’s view,the rainforests are the oldest,
Paragraph 3,
What are the oldest communities of living things on
the Earth?
Answer,
Question,
The rainforests cover no more than seven percent of the
earth’s surface today,
Paragraph 4,
What do you know about the rainforests in the
world today?
Answer,
Question,
“The secondary growth” refers to the new growth
after the original growth has been destroyed,
Paragraph 5,
What is,the secondary growth”?
Answer,
Question,
Modern technology doubtlessly increases efficiency
when people try to cut down trees,
Paragraph 6,
How does the modern world speed up the process of
destruction?
Answer,
Question,
It is human beings that are to blame for such
destruction,
Paragraph 7,
Who is to blame for the destruction of rainforests?
Answer,
Question,
When the trees are cut down,the soil washes away
easily,
Paragraph 8,
How does the land become desert according to the
passage?
Answer,
Question,
The problem is mainly caused by the governments that
have to pay their debts,the settlers who need money
to feed their families,and the companies that want to
make profits,
Paragraph 9,
What caused the problem mentioned in this passage?
Answer,
Question,
Text Analysis
Main Ideas
Columbus’ first description of rainforests,
Although beautiful,rainforests are fragile,
The city of London was once covered by rainforests,
Today rainforests only exist in a small part of the world,
1
2
3
4
Paragraphs
5
6
7
8
9
The effect of the clearing of rainforests,
Modern technology speeds up the destruction,
Human beings are the biggest cause of destruction,
The negative effect on land,climate,global temperature,
The economic origin of the problem and the solution,
Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in
the world,but now they are dying out,What has happened?
Read In
Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in
the world,but now they are dying out,What has happened?
Read In
Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in
the world,but now they are dying out,What has happened?
die out,become extinct or cease to exist gradually
灭绝, 逐渐消失
e.g,Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago,
It’s a custom which is beginning to die out,
cf,die off,die gradually one by one,till none are left
(refers to animals or plants) 相继死去直至死光
e.g,The widow was still in her middle-age when her
relatives died off,
e.g,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher Columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
It remains hard to beat,
Paraphrase,
The written description of a rainforest in the New World has
always been one of the best of its kind,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
description n,a statement or a piece of writing that tells
what sth,or sb,is like 描写, 记述, 描述
e.g,I gave the p lice a description of the stolen jewellery,
Extended words,describe,descriptive
The beauty of the Rockies is beyond description,e.g,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
beat v,defeat (a competitor),or do or be better than (sb,
or sth.) 击败；胜过
e.g,We played the top class at football but we couldn’t
at hem,
The room wasn’t much,but it beat driving to a hotel
20 miles away,
e.g,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
extraordinarily ad,very unusually 非常地, 特别地, 格外
e.g,Her last album was extraordinarily successful,
We found him extraordinarily well-informed on
American affairs,
e.g,
Paradise Lost?
Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so
beautiful,trees "beautiful and green,different from ours,with
flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly."
The great navigator's impression is the first known written
description of a rainforest,It remains hard to beat,Rainforests are
extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile,
fragile a,easily damaged,broken,or harmed
易被损坏的；易碎的；脆弱的
e.g,Be careful with that vase — it’s very fragile,
I felt rather fragile (= weak) for a few days after the
operation,
e.g,
Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of
London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old,
That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the
planet,
Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of
London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old,
That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the
planet,
Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of
London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old,
That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the
planet,
make v,cause to be,become,usually by having the necessary
qualities or characteristics 使成为,成为
e.g,It’s the good weather that makes Spain such a popular
tourist destination,
Iced t a makes a good drink in summer,e.g,
She decided the back room would make a good study,e.g,
Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of
London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old,
That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the
planet,
community n,the people living in one particular area or
people who are considered as a unit because of
their common interests,background or
nationality; a group of animals or plants that
live or grow together
社区, 社会, 公众, …界； （ 生态 ） 群落
e.g,Bus fares were raised despite the protests of the
community,
Her speech caused outrage among the scientific
community,
e.g,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
no/not more than,used to emphasize h w mall a number
or amount is 只不过, 仅仅
e.g,There are beautiful mountains not more than ten
minutes’ drive away,
Each box requires no more than a few hours of labor
to build,
e.g,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
contain v,have sth,inside,or hold sth,包含, 含有
e.g,Factory shops contain a wide range of cheap
furnishings,
The book contains all the information you need,e.g,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
species n,a class of plants or animals whose members have
the same main characteristics and are able to
breed with each other
（ 植物或动物的 ） 种, 物种, 人种
e.g,Pandas are an endangered species,
There are several thousand species of trees here,e.g,
Today the world's rainforests cover no more than seven per-
cent of its surface even though they still contain more than 50
per-cent of the earth's living species,The greatest and most
famous of all remaining rainforests is found in Brazil,whose
Amazon Basin,with its thousands of small and large streams,is
almost totally covered by trees,The rest of the world's rainforests
can only be found in West Africa,South-East Asia,and the Pacific
islands,
remaining a,still left or still existing 剩下的, 剩余的
e.g,The United States has withdrawn the remaining staff
from its embassy,
Extended word,remain
e.g,The three parties ill meet next month to work out
remaining differences,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
clear v,remove or get rid of whatever is blocking or filling
sth.,or move people away from (a place) 清除, 清
理；搬移, 拿走；开垦, 砍伐
e.g,I’ll make the coffee if you’ll clear the table,
Paul helped his elderly neighbour by clearing her path
of snow/clearing snow from her path,
After the bomb threat,police cleared the area until it
was searched,
e.g,
e.g,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
establish v,grow,or cause a plant to grow,successfully in a
new place （ 植物, 树木等 ） 生长, 长成
e.g,The new owners established an avenue of poplars,
Keep the ea weeded to allow the seedlings to
establish,
e.g,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
secondary a,derived from sth,original
非原始的, 间接的；次生的, 二代的
e.g,The drug is not very effective against AIDS,though it
may be used to treat secondary viral infections,
You can’t just rely on secondary sources for your
research into her life history — you ought to look at
primary sources such as her letters and diaries,
e.g,
When the rainforests are cleared,they take a long time to
come back,A few rapidly growing species quickly become
established,but this secondary growth,as it is called,is far less
rich and varied,
varied a,having or showing many different types,or
changing often 各式各样的, 有变化的
e.g,It is ess ntial that your diet is varied and balanced,
Extended words,vary,variation,variety,various
Before his election to the presidency,Mitterrand had
enjoyed a long and varied career,
e.g,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
be to blame,be responsible for sth,that happens
应该受责, 是罪魁祸首
e.g,The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident,
The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst
une ployme t in Europe,
e.g,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
speed up,go or happen faster,or cause (sth.) to happen
faster 加快速度
e.g,The van suddenly speeded up and went through a red
light,
He developed a new system to help speed up the work,e.g,
Who is really to blame? It is the modern world that has
speeded up the process of destruction,Once,it took a team of
men a whole day to cut down a giant tree,Now,a single man can
do it in ten minutes,Since 1945 half of the world's rainforests have
come down,
process n,a series of actions to achieve an aim; a series of
changes that happen naturally 程序, 步骤, 过程
e.g,This decision may delay the process of European
unification,
She arrived at the correct answer by a process of
elimination,
Scientists wanted to find out how the process of aging
could be slowed down,
e.g,
e.g,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
The gas rises and traps the sun’s eat in much th same way
as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow but steady
build-up of temperature,
Paraphrase,
The gas of carbon dioxide in t e air absorbs the heat of the
sun just as a glass greenhouse does in a sunny day,thus
increasing the global temperature over the years,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
worse still,much worse than,severer than
更糟的是, 更坏的是
e.g,Worse still,their reflective glasses coated with silver or
gold mirror films raise the temperature of the
surrounding air,
cf,to make matters worse,to make a bad or difficult
situation worse 更糟的是
e.g,Three of our players were ill,and to make matters
worse,our main scorer had broken his ankle,
e.g,Worse still,rubbishy commercials and harmful
programmes lead to bad taste and a distorted viewpoint
towards human life,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
absorb v,take sth,in,specially gradually 吸收
e.g,The drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream,
In cold climates,houses n ed to hav walls that will
absorb heat,
e.g,
Extended word,absorption
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
trap v,prevent (air,gas,heat,or a fluid) from escaping or
prevent (sb,or an animal) from getting out
挡住, 拦住 （ 不让逃逸 ） ；困住, 设陷阱捕捉
e.g,A greenhouse stays warm because the glass traps the
heat of the sun,
The two men trapped in a burning building died,e.g,
e.g,Wool traps your body heat,keeping the chill at bay,
It is people themselves who are the biggest cause of
destruction,The wealthy own the best land,and the poor of the
world are forced to find land where they can find it -- and it is
there,under the trees,So the trees are removed,
When trees disappear from the land,the water sources
suddenly disappear,The land itself washes away,either becoming
very poor or complete desert,Worse still,the climate is likely to
change as the trees are no longer there to absorb the carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere,The gas rises and traps the sun's heat in
much the same way as the glass of a greenhouse,leading to a slow
but steady build-up of temperature,
build-up n,a gradual increase in sth,集结；增大, 累积
e.g,Th build-up of troops in the region mak s war seem
more ikely,
cf,build up,increase or develop gradually
逐步增大, 发展, 累积
e.g,Tension is building up between the two communities,
The disease can also cause a build-up of pressur in the
inner ear leading to severe earache,
e.g,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
On the other hand,if we buy recyclable wood products and
insist on a type of inexhaustible rainforest resources for
repeated uses,we are then already part of the solution to
the problem of rainforests and we human beings will be
saved,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest res ur es,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human being that will be saved,
On the other hand,by purchasing renewable rainforest
products,and demanding sustainable harvesting of rainforest
resources,we all can be part of the solution and it is human
beings that will be saved,
Paraphrase,
On the other hand,if we buy recyclable wood products and
insist on a type of inexhaustible rainforest resources for
repeated uses,we are then already part of the solution to
the problem of rainforests and we human beings will be
saved,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
economic a,of or relating to economics
经济 （ 上 ） 的, 经济学的
e.g,Here I provide a qualitative assess ent of the current
economic reforms,
cf,economical a,not using a lot of fuel,money,etc,
节俭的,节省的
e.g,There’s an increasing demand for cars more economical
on fuel,
Extended word,economy
The pace of economic growth is picking up,e.g,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
renewable a,(of a form of energy,resource) able to be
sustained or renewed indefinitely,either
because of inexhaustible supplies or because
of new g owth; (of an official document)
capable of being lengthened for an extra
period of time 可更新的,可再生的 ; 可延期的,可续订的
e.g,Plans to incr ase renewable energy sources such as wind
and wave power are welcomed by environmental
pressure groups,
Extended words,renew,renewal
e.g,An annually renewable contract is signed,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
sustainable a,causing little or no damage to the environment
and th refore able to continu for a long time
可持续的, 能保持的
e.g,A large int rnational m eting was h ld with the aim of
promoting sustainable development in all countries,
Extended words,sustain,sustainability
Try to buy wood that you know has come from a
sustainable source,
e.g,
What is the way out,then? Both the problem and the solution
seem to be economic,Governments still need money to pay their
debts,settlers still need money to feed their families,and
companies still need to make profits,On the other hand,by
purchasing renewable rainforest products,and demanding
sustainable harvesting of rainforest resources,we all can be part of
the solution and it is human beings that will be saved,
solution n,the answer to a problem 答案, 解决办法, 解决方案
e.g,When you finish d ing the cr ssword,the solutio is on
the ack page,
Extended word,solve
She just seems so unhappy and I don’t know what the
solution is,
e.g,
Dictation
Directions,Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks,
Once the most beautiful and oldest of living things
on the earth,are now being destroyed,The first cause
of has been men’s craziness for land,while the modern
technology to people the horrible process of
such destruction,Worse still,the of rainforests has
disastrously led to the of water sources and the
of global temperature,Nevertheless,there is still
hope for a to this problem if human beings will take some
,
communities ___________
rainforests__________
available ________
destruction ___________
has sped up ___________
solution_______
shortage_________
shrinkage __________
warming-up ___________
preventive measures___________________
very unusual or surprising
easily damaged,spoilt,or destroyed
continue to be in the same state or condition
gather in crops
buy something
be different from each other
only,just
carry away with liquid
make money by selling or doing business
a possible method of solving a problem
Words and Phrases
Directions,Write out a word according to the meaning given
below,
Section A
remain ___________
extraordinary ____________
fragile ____________
harvest ___________
purchase ___________
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
vary ___________
no more than ____________
wash away ____________
make profits ____________
the way out ____________
1,She has given the police a very detailed (describe) of
the robber,
2,Many people are very concerned about the (destroy)
of the rainforests,
3,It makes a very bad (impress) if you’re late for an interview,
4,To promote (economy) development and encourage
export,the government has given away a considerable amount of
tax revenue,
Directions,Complete the sentences with the proper forms of
the words given in parentheses,
Words and Phrases
description__________
Section B
destruction ___________
impression __________
eco omic __________
5,Plant (grow) is most noticeable in spring and early summer,
6,With its (vary) climate,the country attracts both winter
and summer sports enthusiasts,
7,Some poisonous gases can enter the body by (absorb)
through the skin,
growth _______
absorption __________
varied ______
Words and Phrases
Directions,Complete the sentences with the proper forms of
the words given in parentheses,
Section B
8,Bernstein’s two (remain) lectures will take place on
January 22 and 23,
9,Every year I (renewable) my membership of the sports
club,
10,A house is the most expensive (purchase) that most
people ever make,
remaining _________
renew ________
Words and Phrases
purchase _________
Directions,Complete the sentences with the proper forms of
the words given in parentheses,
Section B
1.We lost our way in the forest.,night began to fall,
2.He be in the reading room,preparing for the final
exams,
3.Both taxable items and the amount of tax considerably
from place to place,from one or two percent in some places
up to eight or ten in others,
Directions,Fill in the blanks with words and phrases chosen from
the following box,Change the forms where necessary,
Section C
renew vary absorb no more than harvest make a profit
be likely to speed up sustainable worse still
Words and Phrases
Worse still __________
is likely to __________
vary ______
4.The local government has come to realize the importance of
development,
5.As autumn comes,farmers are busy their crops,
6.The job was for a fixed term and the contract is not
,
7.I suppose there were two thousand students
present at the meeting,
Section C
renew vary absorb no more than harvest make a profit
be likely to speed up sustainable worse still
Words and Phrases
sustainable__________
harvesting __________
no more than_____________
being
renewed
_______
_______
Directions,Fill in the blanks with words and phrases chosen from
the following box,Change the forms where necessary,
8,If you your work,we can manage to finish it
before dark,
Directions,Fill in the blanks with words and phrases chosen from
the following box,Change the forms where necessary,
Section C
renew vary absorb no more than harvest make a profit
be likely to speed up sustainable worse still
Words and Phrases
speed up ________
9,The black clay soil around here doesn’t water very
well,
10.Well,after operating for twelve months,our business now
of $3500 on average every month,
absorb________
makes a profit ______________
Listening Practice
Directions,Listen to the following passage,And decide
whether the following sentences are,T” or,F.”
Sewage can not be recycled as drinking water,
Man can live longer without food than without water,
Automobiles are mainly responsible for air pollution in cities,
Pollution control is not effective in cars even equipped with
pollution-control devices,
We should use fuels like gas and oil in power plants,factories
and apartment buildings,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
F ( )
Script
T ( )
T ( )
F ( )
T ( )
Listening Practice
Directions,Listen to the following passage,And decide
whether the following sentences are,T” or,F.”
Sewage can not be recycled as drinking water,
Man can live longer without food than without water,
Automobiles are mainly responsible for air pollution in cities,
Pollution control is not effective in cars even equipped with
pollution-control devices,
We should use fuels like gas and oil in power plants,factories
and apartment buildings,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
F ( )
Script
T ( )
T ( )
F ( )
T ( )
More and m re cit es are building se age-treatment
plants,Instead of being dump d into a nearby riv r or lake,
sewage is sent through a system of underground pipes to a
giant tank where the water is separated from solid material,
purified,and returned for reuse to the community water
supply,The solid material is converted into fertilizer or made
into bricks,
Controlling air pollution is another crucial objective,
Without food,man can live about five weeks; without water
about five days,Without air,he can only live five minutes,so
pure air is a must,Here the wrongdoer is the automobile,
Where there is a concentration of automobiles,as in our big
cities,air pollution is severe,It is important to see that our
cars are equipped with pollution-control devices,
Listening Practice
Directions,Listen to the following passage,And decide
whether the following sentences are,T” or,F.”
Sewage can not be recycled as drinking water,
Man can live longer without food than without water,
Automobiles are mainly responsible for air pollution in cities,
Pollution control is not effective in cars even equipped with
pollution-control devices,
We should use fuels like gas and oil in power plants,factories
and apartment buildings,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
F ( )
Script
T ( )
T ( )
F ( )
T ( )
Power plants,factories,and apartment buildings can also
avoid air pollution,Whenever possible,they should use clean
fuels like gas and oil,
Group Discussion
Directions,Listen to the following passage,Then discuss the
following questions in small groups and a couple of
students will represent their groups to report their
discussion to the whole class,The following words and
expressions are for your reference,
Environment means the land,water and atmosphere we
live by,Environment is the earth,the only planet and home
for the human race,No one will doubt that we can never
survive while the land,water and atmosphere are seriously
polluted,
However,this is the situation we are facing today,Every
day,every hour,the air,forests,soil,oceans and fresh water
are becoming dirtier and dirtier with increasing speed,which
threatens our existence,There are mainly two causes of the
environmental problems,the excessive use of natural
resources and massive discharge of polluted waste in the
course of production,
Preserving the environment is of crucial importance to
mankind today,We must take immediate measures to fight against
pollution.,Conquering nature” should never be our goal; instead,
we should take nature as our closest friend,Preserving the
environment is preserving not only our home but also the
civilization of the human community,
Environmental Protection in My Eyes
air pollution,automobile exhaust,smog; water pollution,
dump sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes,drinking
water polluted,health harmed,large increase of cases of
cancer,ocean pollution,killing fish,deprive ourselves of
invaluable food supply; land pollution,garbage dumping,
uncontrolled use of insecticides,wildlife killing,massive
cutting down of forests for timber,soil washing away; noise
pollution from cars,buses,trucks,supermarkets; take
measures,legislation,punishment,public action,do our own
part
Reference words and expressions,
Practical Writing
Layout of Business Letter
1.Sample
2.Notes of Format
4.Do It Yourself
3.Basic Patterns
Ocean View Supplies Inc,
1459 Atlantic Drive,Asbury Park,NJ 07712 Letterhead
Inside name and address
Reference
Date Salutation
Body of the letter
Mr,James Green
Purchasing Manager
Green Industries Inc,
999 Park Avenue
Rockford,IL 61125
USA
Dear Mr,Green,
January 29,2005
We acknowledge receipt of your letter of January 23 regarding the non-
delivery of the consignment of your order No,2K0912,We have inquired our
forwarding agents for the matter,and they have told us that the 12 cases
of your consignment were unloaded in error at Belvidere,and are awaiting
Your Ref.,GS/BC/44
Our Ref.,DJ/GS/2
transshipment to your port,
We have instructed our agents at Belvidere to send the cases to you by the
earliest opportunity,which we believe will be done sometime next week,
We must apologize for the inconvenience caused to you,We have sent our
protest to the shipping company,
Complimentary close
Signature
Designation
Best regards,
Fred Durall
Sales Manager
Notes of Format
a)商贸信函是贸易活动中买卖双方互通信息的重要手段和行为依据，必须精心撰
写和妥善保存。信函的格式和语言要符合规范，简单明了，用词准确。
b)商业信函的流行版面格式主要有：齐头式（ Blocked Style），各部分内容均从
左边开始，每行左对齐；混合式（ Modified Style），信内收信人姓名和地址
用齐头式，但正文各段落的首行则均缩进六个字母，表敬意的结尾、写信人签
名与职位一般放在栏中线右侧。
c)商贸信函的必须部分包括：信头（ the letterhead）、日期（ the date）、信
内姓名与地址（ the inside name and address）、称呼（ the salutation）,
正文（ the body of the letter）、结尾礼词（ the complimentary close）和
写信人签名与职位（ the writer’s signature and designation）七部分。
d)商贸信函的可选部分包括：编号（ Reference），包括你方编号（ Your ref.）
和我方编号（ Our ref.）、附件（ Enclosure）、收件人（ Attention）、主题
（ Subject）和副本抄送（ c.c,）。
1) Thank you for your inquiry of September 21 regarding our
new products,
2) We have received your letter of 4th December and instructed
our bank to amend the L/C as requested,
3) In answer to your letter of April 14 we are enclosing our
latest catalogue of lowest price,
4) We are pleased to inform you that we have shipped your
order No,1051 for our products,
九月二十一日询问本公司新产品一函敬悉，谢谢！
兹函复四月十四日来信，并随附本公司最低价格的最新产品目录一份。
Basic Patterns
贵方 1051号订单所订购货物，业已装运，特此奉告。
根据贵方十一月四日来函要求修改信用证一事，业已通知银行办理。
5) Thank you for your letter of July 15 offering a proposal for
establishing business relations with us,
6) There are 250 different items in the catalogue and our prices are
reasonable and our quality is good,
7) We are in receipt of your order as contained in the attached
purchase order form,
8) Attached is an accepted copy of your Purchase Security
Agreement for the car spares,
贵方七月十五日来函建议与我方建立业务联系一事敬悉，谢谢！
Basic Patterns
目录中 250件商品，价格合理，质量上乘。
贵方随信附寄的定购单收悉。
随信附寄的是双方接纳的汽车配件购买安全协议的复印件。
9) Under the Agreement,this contract is non-cancelable during the
term of the contract,
10) We would like to take this opportunity to express our
appreciation for your cooperation,
在协议生效之际，该合同在有效期内是不能取消的。
Basic Patterns
我们谨借此机会感谢各位的合作。
Do It Yourself
Directions,This part is to test your ability to do practical
writing,Complete the following letter
(Blocked Style) by putting Chinese in the
brackets into English,
Rebecca Brooks
Synergy Management Consultants
16 Pendall Way
Blackburn
BB12 8HT
26 April 2001
Re,Your quotation of 17 April
Dear Ms Brooks,
NORWEST
112 Milton Way
Poulton FY3 2PN
Lancashire
01254 882497
（ 此次来信, 请参见
贵方四月十七日的报价 ） regarding the one-day Business Excellence seminar
at your premises in Blackburn,
（ 很高兴, 我确认定购 ） on the Business
Excellence Level 3 seminar for six people on Tuesday 15 May,
As some of our managers are traveling from a distance,
（ 研讨会能不能上午十点再开始 ） instead of
9.30 am as stated in your quotation?
（ 请寄送有关这次研讨会的资料 ） and directions
for traveling by car,
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future,
Yours sincerely
Mr Alan Pickering
I am writing with reference to your quotation of 17 April __________________________________________________
I am pleased to confirm the booking ________________________________
to start the seminar at 10.00 am
would it be possible
_____________________________
_________________
information about the seminar
I would be grateful if you could send me
___________________________
___________________________________
Task 1
Directions,
Practical Reading
Read the pie chart below carefully,Then
complete the chart following it with the
information you have got from the pie chart,
Remember to write your answers in the
corresponding space,
Investment in Beijing from Different Countries and Regions
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic
Japan — 19.2%
U.S.A.—16%
Other 23 countries — 21.8%
of China — 44%
Since China opened its door to the outside world in 1979,Beijing has
achieved remarkable results in attracting foreign business to invest in
joint ventures,According to the pie chart,the investors in different
enterprises come from 1) countries and regions,Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China investment ranks
2),accounting for 3) per cent of the total,Japan’s investment
makes up 19.2 per cent,putting it in 4) spot,Third is the United
States at 5) per cent,
first
second
44
16
26 __
___ ___
_____
__
Task 2
Directions,
Practical Reading
The following is a list of terms for environmental
preservation,After reading them,you are required to
find the Chinese equivalents in the table below,Then
you should put the corresponding letters in the
brackets,
A forest ecosystems I temperate forests
B afforestation J vegetation
C coniferous forests K desertification
D deforestation L forest conservation
E greenbelts M global warming
F reafforestation N temperate woodlands
G revegetation O greenhouse effect
H tropical forests
Example,(A) 森林生态系统 (M) 全球变暖
6,沙漠化 温室效应
7,植被恢复 植树造林
8,针叶林 热带森林
9,植被 绿化带
10,森林砍伐 再造林
G
K O ( ) ( )
B ( ) ( )
C H ( ) ( )
J E ( ) ( )
D F ( ) ( )
Section A
Directions,This section is to test your ability to understand
short dialogues,There are five recorded dialogues
in it,After each dialogue,there is a recorded
question,Both the dialogues and the questions will
be spoken only once,When you hear a question,you
should decide on the correct answer from the four
choices marked A),B),C) and D),
Listening Comprehension
A) Two,
C) Three,
D) Four,
1,
Key
Script M,Good morning,Are there any flights to Beijing
next weekend?
W,Well,there are two flights in the morning and
three in the afternoon,Here’s the timetable,
Q,How many flights to Beijing are there on the
weekend?
B) Five,
2,
A) In a clinic,
B) In the students’ room,
D) In the test-room,
W,Could you please explain the homework for
tomorrow,Mr,Brown?
M,Certainly,Read the next unit in your textbook
and be prepared for classroom discussion of what
you’ve read,
Q,Where does this conversation most probably take
place?
Script
Key
C) In the classroom,
Script 3,
A) He can’t find the tickets,
B) He doesn’t want to sit close to the stage,
C) He would rather stand than sit down,
W,Let’s try to find seats near the stage,
M,Listen,we will be lucky if we can find a place to
stand at the concert,
Q,What does the man mean?
Key
D) He expects the hall to be crowded,
4,Script W,Excuse me,I think I see a,No Smoking” sign over
there,
M,Where? Oh,yes,you’re right,I’m awfully sorry,
Q,Which of the following is true?
A) The man is sorry he can’t smoke here,
B) The woman wants to know whether she can smoke
here,
D) The woman can see better than the man,
Key
C) The woman doesn’t want the man to smoke here,
M,Excuse me,could you tell me the way to the
nearest supermarket?
W,Yes,Go down the street and turn right at the bank,
You’ll see the supermarket on your left,
Q,What’s the man probably going to do?
5,
B) To go to work in a supermarket,
C) To go to a bank to withdraw some money,
D) To ask the way to the bank,
Script
Key A) To do some shopping in a supermarket,
Section B
Directions,This section is to test your ability to understand
short conversations,There are two recorded
conversations in it,After each conversation,there
are some recorded questions,Both the conversations
and the questions will be spoken twice,When you
hear a question,you should decide on the correct
answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and
D),
Hello,Linda,Come in,please,
Thank you,Tom,
What can I do for you,Linda?
I wonder if I can borrow your French-English Dictionary,
Sure,It ought to be here,on the bottom shelf,No,it isn’t
here,Where can it be?
Oh,don’t worry,If you can’t find it,I can buy one tomorrow,
It must be somewhere on these shelves,Oh,here it is on
the top shelf,
Thank you very much,I’ll bring it back in a couple of days,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
Script
Conversation 1
Key
6,
A) At Linda’s home,
C) In the classroom,
D) In the library,
Q,Where does the dialogue take place? Script
B) At Tom’s home,
Script 7,
A) Somewhere in Tom’s room,
B) Somewhere on the floor,
C) On the top shelf,
Q,Where did Tom think he had put the dictionary at
first?
Key
D) On the bottom shelf,
Script
Conversation 2
May I help you?
Yes,my nephew is graduating from college next week and I’d
like to get him a gift,
What price gift are you interested in? We’ll need to know
that before we begin looking,
Well,I usually spend about $20 for a gift,Do you have
anything nice for that price?
How about a pen and pencil? We could engrave his name on
them,
No,my brother gave him that for his birthday last year,
Well,then would he enjoy a chess set?
No,he doesn’t like chess very much,but he is quite athletic,
Then you could get him a handball set,
That’s a good idea,I’ll take it,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
M,
W,
Q,Who is the woman buying a gift for? 8,
A) Her son,
B) Her brother,
C) Her father,
Script
Key
D) Her nephew,
Q,How much does the woman want to spend on
the gift?
9,
B) 50 dollars,
C) 10 dollars,
D) 30 dollars,
Script
Key A) 20 dollars,
Key
Q,What is the probable relationship between
the man and the woman?
10,
A) Husband and wife,
B) Brother and sister,
C) Clerk and customer,
D) Customer and waiter,
Script
Section C
Directions,This section is to test your ability to comprehend
short passages,You will hear a recorded passage,
After that you will hear five questions,Both the
passage and the questions will be read twice,
When you hear a question,you should complete
the answer to it with a word or short phrase,
Script
Script
Section C
Directions,This section is to test your ability to comprehend
short passages,You will hear a recorded passage,
After that you will hear five questions,Both the
passage and the questions will be read twice,
When you hear a question,you should complete
the answer to it with a word or short phrase,
Buying a house is always a problem,as I’ve found out
several times,There was the one which looked all right,but
they were going to build a motorway through the back garden,
Another one I went to look at was cheap,but was on the
point of falling down,Then,when you are inspecting one of
the possibilities on your rapidly shortening list,you have to
keep a polite expression on your face as the proud owner
tells you how many hundreds of pounds he has spent on the
interior decorations,which you’d tear down at the first
opportunity,What about the neighbors? They are always
perfect,the most marvelous people you could imagine,But
wait till you move in — that’s when you find out about the all
night parties twice a week,to which they never invite you,
Even if you can find a place you want to buy,you still have to
raise the money for it,
You have to keep on your face,
She thought that is always a problem,
What does the speaker think is always a problem?
buying a house ______________
Script
What do you have to keep on your face according to the
speaker?
Script
Script What problem will you find after your moving in?
Script What is the speaker’s opinion of the neighbors?
Script What other problems do you have to solve besides
finding the place?
a polite expression _________________
all night parties
raise the money for it ____________________,
noisy ______,
You will find that the neighbors hold
twice a week
_______________
____________,
She thought that the neighbors were
You have to
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
Section A
Directions,In this section,there are ten incomplete sentences,
You are required to complete each one by deciding on
the most appropriate word or words from the four
choices marked A),B),C) and D),
Vocabulary and Structure
16.,we will set off as we planned,C_____
这是让步状语从句中的虚拟语气。此题涉及到省略和倒装的问题，应选 C,
原句为 whether it is good or bad。
A) Were it good or bad
B) Being good or bad
C) Be it good or bad
D) Whether good or bad
17,Sometimes we were asked we think the likely
result of an action will be,
A) that
B) if
C) what
D) whether
C
本句句意为, 有时候别人会问我们一种行为可能的结果是什么 。,
what引导的从句做 ask的间接宾语 。 若选 A,B,D都使从句缺乏宾
语, 故选 C。
_____
18,The student I thought to be hardworking failed in the
final exam,
A) who
B) whom
C) whose
D) of whom
the student做从句中 thought的宾语, 故用 B。
B ______
19,He was the only friend I made during the four years I was
at university,
A) what
B) since
C) which
D) that
正确答案为 D,本句句意为“他是我大学四年期间结交的唯一朋友。” B选
项 since与 during相冲突，选项 A不合题意。,I was at university”充当
,the four years”这个时间短语的定语，根据句意前面可用 during which
引导，但引导时间、原因、方式等定语的“介词 +关系代词”（ on which,
for which,in which等）可直接换成 that引导。
D____
20,The storm their hut,they had to live in a cave,
A) destroying
B) having been destroyed
C) having destroyed
D) to have been destroyed
本题涉及独立主格结构。前后两句主语不一致，前句须用独立主格结构。
同时两个谓语动词 destroy与 live有时间先后关系，且 the storm —
destroy — the hut为主动，故用 C。本句句意为“暴风雨摧毁了他们的
破屋，他们不得不住在一个山洞里。”
C_____
Section B
Fill in each blank with the proper form of the
word given in brackets,
Directions,
21,The (eliminate) of the fatal disease increased the
nation’s population,
elimination
这个致命疾病的消灭使该国人口增长。
22,There are a lot of Asian (immigrate) in the U.S.A,
美国有许多亚裔移民。
immigrants
在危急关头他所表现出的巨大勇气改变了形势。
___________
23,His (exhibit) of great courage at the critical moment
changed the situation,
exhibition _________
___________
谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
24,(modest) makes one progress while conceit makes
one lag behind,
Modesty
25,In (crowd) buses,people have to be vigilant
against thieves,
crowded ________
在拥挤的公交车上，人们得当心小偷。
26,At present,there is no (certain) that he will be
elected,
certainty_________
27,After Jack made an (apologize) to Mike,the two
became good friends again,
apology
目前，不能肯定他会当选。
________
杰克向迈克道歉后，两人又成了好朋友。
________
30,Over the years,the (tense) between the two
families gradually disappeared,
28,The (injury) were sent to hospital immediately
after the accident,
injured
事故发生后，伤者立刻被送去医院。
_______
29,Their excellent (perform) won the applause
of the audience,
tension______
他们出色的表演赢得了观众的掌声。
performance___________
经过许多年，这两家人之间的紧张关系渐渐消除了。
Directions,This part is to test your ability to translate English
into Chinese,After each sentence numbered from
31 to 34,you will read four choices of suggested
translation,You should choose the best translation
and write your translation of sentence numbered
35 in the corresponding space,
Translation
Key
31,
A) 临近傍晚如果你没有睡的话，到了入睡时间你会更乐意睡的。
B) 临近傍晚如果你没有睡上几个小时，到了入睡时间你会更乐意睡的。
C) 如果你傍晚没有睡上几个小时的话，到了入睡时间你会更乐意睡的。
D) 如果你傍晚没有睡的话，到了晚上睡觉时间你会更想睡的。
If you didn’t sleep for hours during the early part of the
evening,you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime,
Key
32,
A) 如果你这样子养成打发晚上时间的习惯，我相信你全天就不觉
得那么累。
B) 如果你能养成这样的打发晚上时间的习惯，我相信白天你会觉
得不那么累。
C) 如果你能养成这样的过夜习惯，我相信白天你会觉得不那么
累。
D) 如果你这样子养成打发晚上时间的习惯，我相信白天你会觉得
不那么累。
If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings
this way,I am sure you will feel less tired during the
day,
Key
33,
A） 你一旦花时间考虑别人对你所说的话的真正意思，你可以避免
犯另一个错误。
B） 你花时间考虑别人对你所说的话的真正意思的那一刻可以避免
犯另一个错误。
C） 你花一分钟想一下别人对你所说的话的真正意思可以使你避免
犯另一个错误。
D） 花时间认真考虑别人的话的真正意思，你就可以避免可能犯另
一个错误。
The moment you spend thinking about the real
meaning of what people say to you may prevent you
from making another mistake,
Key
34,He believes that the need for these psychological and
financial adjustments should be understood before people
marry,
A） 他相信人们在结婚前应该理解对心理及财务作调整的必要性。
B） 他相信人们在结婚前应该理解这些心理和财务方面的调整。
C） 他相信人们在结婚前应该理解心理和财务方面的需求。
D） 他相信人们在结婚前应该理解心理上的需求和财务上的调整。
In general,however,you should show the employer that
you will be good for him — because of your experience,
your skills,and your interest,It is particularly important
now for you to be neat,accurate,and pleasant,
expressing what you are offering in yourself through your
letter as much as you can,
Key 但是总的来说，你应该向老板表示，因为你的经验，你的技能，以及
你的兴趣，你对他是很有用的。现在对你尤其重要的是尽可能通过求
职信简练、精确、文雅地表达你自己。
35,
