经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Chapter 4 Collection
Learning Objects:
? Definition
?Main parties involved
?General procedure
?Method of releasing documents
?Characteristics
?Risks analysis
?Accomodation
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
URC522
The Bills for Collection process is governed by
a set of rules,published by the International
Chamber of Commerce (ICC) called "Uniform
Rules for Collections" document number 522
(URC522),Over 90% of the world's banks
adhere to this document - pick up a copy from
the ICC (See contact details below) or your
bank and familiarise yourself with the
contents,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The Uniform Rules for Collection (URC
522) is the internationally recognized
codification of rules unifying banking
practice regarding collection operations
for drafts and for documentary
collections.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The URC was developed by the
International Chamber of Commerce
(ICC) in Paris.
It is revised and updated from time-to-
time; the current valid version is ICC
publication No,522.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
1,definition
Collection means in accordance with instructions
received,the handling by banks of:
Obtaining payment and/or acceptance of
financial documents,or
Delivering documents against payment and/or
against acceptance,or
Delivering documents on other terms and
conditions.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Documents
Financial documents:
Documents relating to payment,The bill
of exchange is the financial document
most commonly used in collections and
L/C,Promissory notes are sometimes
used in collections.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Commercial documents
l Documents relating to the consignment
itself,eg.
(1) Commercial invoice
(2) Packing list
(3) Transport document
(4) Insurance document
(5) Certificate of origin
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Inward collection
How a Collecting or Presenting bank will
refer to a collection.
Collection that has been received from an
overseas bank or exporter for
presentation to a buyer in this country,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Outward collection
How the Remitting bank refers to a
collection.
Collection being sent overseas to
collecting bank(s) for presentation to
buyer
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
2.Main Parties involved
The principal
(seller/exporter/drawer/consignor/ship
per/payee)
Party who instigates a collection,i.e,the
seller.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Case of need
Application ---customer in-case-of need
Agent nominated by a principal,to whom
the collecting bank may refer in
specified circumstances concerning
collections
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Collection order
In a collection,the document in which the
seller instructs the banks as to how the
collection is to be conducted.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The remitting bank(Exporter’s
Bank/Payee of the Collection
Bill)
Bank in the seller’s country that
participates in a collection,It is a bank
which acts as an intermediary,
forwarding the remitter’s documents to,
and get payments from the collecting
bank.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Collecting bank /presenting bank
Bank in the buyer's country that
participates in a collection.
May also be the Presenting bank or may
pass documents on to the Presenting
bank for presenting to the buyer.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Drawee/payer
Party on whom a bill is drawn and the
one to whom presentation is to be made
according to the collection order
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
procedure
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Documents against Payment
(D/P)
Instruction for documents to be released
to the drawee only on payment.Usually
used where payment is expected from
the buyer immediately,otherwise known
as "at sight",
This process is often referred to as
"Cash against Documents".
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The buyer's bank is instructed to release
the exporter's goods only when
payment has been made,Where goods
have been shipped by sea freight,
covered by a full set of Bills of Lading,
title is retained by the exporter until
these documents are properly released
to the buyer.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Unfortunately,for airfreight items,
unless the goods are consigned to the
buyer's bank no such control is
available under an Air Waybill or Air
Consignment Note,as these documents
are merely "movement certificates"
rather than "documents of title",
Similarly there is no such control
available for road or rail transport.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Difference between CAD AND
D/P
CAD（ CASH AGAINST DOCUMENTS）
即交单付现，就是说，买方付款后，卖方
交单。买方付款是卖方交单的前提条件。
在卖方对买方资信不了解的情况下采用此
种支付方式，对卖方具有保护作用。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Differences
CAD D/P
Similarities Commercial Credit
Standing
Commercial Credit
Standing
Buyer makes prior
payment
Buyer makes prior
payment
differences Belong to remittance Belong to collection
remittance Reversed
remittance
Binding on URC Not binding on URC
Draft not needed Draft needed
Forward docs
directly to importer
Forward docs to
importer through bank
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Notes
采用 CAD方式，就等于卖方给予买方信用，应
以即期形式为佳，不宜延长信用期限 ;
但在出口实务中，采用见单 30天、货到 30天、
提单日期后 60天甚至 90等远期形式的 CAD也不
少 ;
而且大多通过银行转变单据，表面看来，已将
CAD转化为 D／ P即期或远期 ;
实际上,CAD和 D／ P毕竟是有区别的，宜慎
不宜懈。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Suggestions
（ 1）无论通过银行寄单与否，切不可放 1
／ 3正本提单给进口商。有的进口商可能
找出种种理由，要求出口商同意不付款
情况下放一份正本提单，一旦放给进口
商一份正本提单，那么出口商的物权就
丧失了，众所周知，三份正本提单具有
同等法律效力，一份生效后其余两份主
动失效。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
（ 2）
投保短期出口信用险，不失为安全措施
之一。但保险公司对进口商的资信调查
比较严格，对一个进口商的批准限额很
有限，如采用远期 CAD方式，则不可能
做大规模。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
（ 3）
采用保理业务方式, 确保收汇安全 。 涉及四方当
事人的保理业务机制有两种：用保理机制和双保
理机制 。 我国银行大多采用双保理机制 。 随着信
用证在国际贸易交付方式中比重的下降, 保理业
务机制将在我国出口贸易实务中发挥越来越重要
的作用 。
在保理机制保护下出口商可采用放帐 （ O／ A）
承兑交单 （ D／ A） 等更利于进口商的支付方式 。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
（ 4）
综合运用出口信用险, 保理机制, 进口
商资信, 扩大出口规模, 实现规模效益 。
（ 5）通过银行交单时，应指示委托行在给
代收行面函（ COVER）中注明进口商付
款后变单，并申明受 URC522约束，实
际上将 CAD转化为 D／ P托收业务。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Sight draft procedure
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Explanation
1,The Drawer and the Drawee negotiate
terms and conditions of the transaction
2,The Drawer ships the goods
3,The Drawer draws a draft and
presents it to the Remitting Bank along
with other documents
4,The Remitting Bank examines the
documents and the draft and forwards
them to the Presenting Bank
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
5-8
5,The Presenting Bank notifies the Drawee
of receipt of the documents
6,The Presenting Bank holds the documents
until the payment is made by the Drawee
7,The Drawee examines the documents and
makes the payment for the supplied goods
8,The Presenting Bank releases the
documents to the Drawee
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Characteristics
If the buyer for any reason refuses to
pay,you have to deal with goods "on
the water" or stacked in the customs
zone in a foreign country,It can be very
costly to ship your goods back or to sell
them urgently.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
In both cases,there are substantial
additional expenses (warehousing,cost of
transportation to a new destination,
significant discount,etc.).
In some cases,the buyer who failed to pay
was one of the bidders at the resulting
auction and had bought the goods for a
fraction of the initial price,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
It is also possible,that the buyer will
delay the payment,Although legally the
payment has to be made immediately
upon receipt of the draft by the buyer's
bank,the buyer may hold the payment
until the goods are delivered,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
D/P at sight收款时，如银行丢失所有资料，出口商
怎么办？
根据, 托收统一规则,,与托收有关的
银行对单据在寄送途中的遗失是不承担
责任的。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
首先，如果银行能够证明单据是在寄送
途中遗失的，则银行不承担责任，而无
论该些单据是何等单据。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
其次，如果单据是在银行保管中而不是
寄送途中遗失的，则银行应当承担因未
尽谨慎注意义务而代理不当的责任，银
行负有责任。贵司可以委托人的身份起
诉有关银行，要求其承担损害赔偿责任。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
在具体交易中，如果出现这种情形，则应当区
别情形对待：第一，如果客户急切等待该货物，
且客户信誉良好，愿意无提单付款，则贵司可
以托运人的身份，要求承运人 (船公司 )将货物
凭贵司指示交付给客户。第二，如果单据没有
完全遗失 (这在实践中是正常的，因为银行在托
收业务中一般都是将单据分成两批分别寄送 )，
则补做有关单据，要求客户付款。第三，要求
银行配合出具付款保函允许客户先提货。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
银行在这种情形下因涉及可能承担的赔
偿责任，一般愿意配合督促客户提货，
并愿意为客户的付款承担保证责任。
第四，在单据全部遗失，且客户信誉欠佳
又拒绝提货，或要求先提货再付款，而
银行又不愿意配合的情形下，一方面要
即使与船公司联系控制货物，另一方面
准备起诉银行。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
当然，在单据遗失的情形下，无论何种
情形都要立即联系船公司以控制货物。
这样才能减少损失，同时也没有损害自
己的权利和利益。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
D/P after sight
After shipment of the goods,the exporter
shall draw a usance bill of exchange +
shipping documents to a local bank
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The importer shall accept the usance
draft,and make payment on the due
date of the usance bill.
but he is not allowed to get hold of the
documents until he pays.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
T/R
In such case,in order to push sales of
goods in time,
the importer may borrow B/L before the
maturity of the drafts against the trust
receipts (T/R),and make payment on
the due dates of drafts.
This method is called accommodation.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The so-called,Trust Receipt” is a
written guaranty by the importer for the
purpose of borrowing B/L from the
collecting bank,
in which the importer declares that he
will take delivery of the goods,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
declare to the customs,store the goods,
take out insurance on and push sales of
goods as the consignee of the collecting
bank,
and acknowledge the title to the goods
and proceeds of the sale belonging to
the collecting bank and will guarantee to
make payment on the date due.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Documents against Acceptance
(D/A)
Used where a credit period (e.g,
30/60/90 days - 'sight of document' or
from 'date of shipment') has been
agreed between the exporter and buyer,
The buyer is able to collect the
documents against their undertaking to
pay on an agreed date in the future,
rather than immediate payment,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The exporter's documents are usually
accompanied by a,Draft” which looks
something like a cheque,but is payable
by (drawn on) the buyer,When a buyer
(drawee) agrees to pay on a certain
date,they sign (accept) the draft.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
It is against this acceptance that
documents are released to the buyer,
Up until the point of acceptance,the
exporter may retain control of the goods,
as in the D/P scenario above,However,
after acceptance,the exporter is
financially exposed until the buyer
actually initiates payment through their
bank.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Characteristics
when dealing with time drafts,the buyer may
take possession of the goods before the
payment,
Under the time draft,you agree on a deferring
period,ship the goods and draw a draft,For
the title documents to be released,the buyer
has to accept the draft by issuing written
evidence of his willingness to pay on the
agreed maturity date (usually by signing and
dating the draft),
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The time draft,in fact,is very similar to
“open account” terms – you have no
control over the goods,nor over the
payment,The only difference is that,in
addition to the contract of sale,you
have the buyer's written guarantee to
make a payment on a certain date,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
You have to rely on the buyer,The
consequences of the refusal to pay are
the same as the
consequences of the refusal to pay
under,open account”,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
General Notes and cautions
A.The banks involved do not guarantee
payment or assume any credit risk.
The banks act merely as intermediaries
to facilitate payment for a shipment.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
B
Generally,banks are under no obligation
to protect the goods.
Banks are also not responsible if the
shipment is seized(没收 ) by customs or
confiscated( 充公 ） to cover any
accrued（ 增加 ） storage costs.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
C
In D/P terms the buyer may refuse to
pay,in which case the seller maintains
title to the shipment.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
D
In D/A terms the buyer may accept (sign)
the draft,take possession of the goods,
but then refuse to pay the draft at
maturity.
In this case the seller has neither
payment nor the goods.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The seller’s options are reduced to trying
to enforce the buyer’s obligation to pay
the draft through banking channels or
legal action,
both of which involve additional costs.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
How to avoid risks?
The seller:
1.buyer’s credit standing.
2.price intendancy and other restrictions
such as quotas and so on.
3.the goods should be in conformity with
the contract,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
4-7
4.choose right method to release
documents.
5.customer’s representative in-case-of-
need.
6.export on CIF basis.
7,To cover insurance against seller’s
interest on CFR basis.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
BUYER
1.seller’s credit standing.
2.price intendancy.
3.check up documents carefully.
4.choose right method to get documents.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Accommodation
Collection bill purchased
Cautions for bank:
Good credit of both parties.
Ready sale goods
The bank needs to check up documents.
The payee should be the remitting bank
Application for collection
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
T/R
Caustions for bank:
1.buyer’s credit standing.
2.enforce guarding after borrowing B/L.
3.be familiar with the local law,The
entruster should have priority to the
goods,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Collection charges
单位：人民币
业务种类 费率（额） 最低 最高 说明
托收（出口部分） / / / /
1、光票 0.0625% 50 500 /
2、跟单 0.1% 100 2000 /
3、免付款交单 100 / / /
4、退票（退单） 100 / / /
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
托收（进口部分） / / / /
1、光票 0.0625% 500 /
2、跟单 0.1% 100 2000 /
3、免付款交单 100 / / /
4、拒付 50 / / /
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Comparison
王学惠 ?
Chapter 4 Collection
Learning Objects:
? Definition
?Main parties involved
?General procedure
?Method of releasing documents
?Characteristics
?Risks analysis
?Accomodation
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
URC522
The Bills for Collection process is governed by
a set of rules,published by the International
Chamber of Commerce (ICC) called "Uniform
Rules for Collections" document number 522
(URC522),Over 90% of the world's banks
adhere to this document - pick up a copy from
the ICC (See contact details below) or your
bank and familiarise yourself with the
contents,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The Uniform Rules for Collection (URC
522) is the internationally recognized
codification of rules unifying banking
practice regarding collection operations
for drafts and for documentary
collections.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The URC was developed by the
International Chamber of Commerce
(ICC) in Paris.
It is revised and updated from time-to-
time; the current valid version is ICC
publication No,522.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
1,definition
Collection means in accordance with instructions
received,the handling by banks of:
Obtaining payment and/or acceptance of
financial documents,or
Delivering documents against payment and/or
against acceptance,or
Delivering documents on other terms and
conditions.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Documents
Financial documents:
Documents relating to payment,The bill
of exchange is the financial document
most commonly used in collections and
L/C,Promissory notes are sometimes
used in collections.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Commercial documents
l Documents relating to the consignment
itself,eg.
(1) Commercial invoice
(2) Packing list
(3) Transport document
(4) Insurance document
(5) Certificate of origin
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Inward collection
How a Collecting or Presenting bank will
refer to a collection.
Collection that has been received from an
overseas bank or exporter for
presentation to a buyer in this country,
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Outward collection
How the Remitting bank refers to a
collection.
Collection being sent overseas to
collecting bank(s) for presentation to
buyer
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
2.Main Parties involved
The principal
(seller/exporter/drawer/consignor/ship
per/payee)
Party who instigates a collection,i.e,the
seller.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Case of need
Application ---customer in-case-of need
Agent nominated by a principal,to whom
the collecting bank may refer in
specified circumstances concerning
collections
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Collection order
In a collection,the document in which the
seller instructs the banks as to how the
collection is to be conducted.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The remitting bank(Exporter’s
Bank/Payee of the Collection
Bill)
Bank in the seller’s country that
participates in a collection,It is a bank
which acts as an intermediary,
forwarding the remitter’s documents to,
and get payments from the collecting
bank.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Collecting bank /presenting bank
Bank in the buyer's country that
participates in a collection.
May also be the Presenting bank or may
pass documents on to the Presenting
bank for presenting to the buyer.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Drawee/payer
Party on whom a bill is drawn and the
one to whom presentation is to be made
according to the collection order
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
procedure
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Documents against Payment
(D/P)
Instruction for documents to be released
to the drawee only on payment.Usually
used where payment is expected from
the buyer immediately,otherwise known
as "at sight",
This process is often referred to as
"Cash against Documents".
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
The buyer's bank is instructed to release
the exporter's goods only when
payment has been made,Where goods
have been shipped by sea freight,
covered by a full set of Bills of Lading,
title is retained by the exporter until
these documents are properly released
to the buyer.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Unfortunately,for airfreight items,
unless the goods are consigned to the
buyer's bank no such control is
available under an Air Waybill or Air
Consignment Note,as these documents
are merely "movement certificates"
rather than "documents of title",
Similarly there is no such control
available for road or rail transport.
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Difference between CAD AND
D/P
CAD（ CASH AGAINST DOCUMENTS）
即交单付现，就是说，买方付款后，卖方
交单。买方付款是卖方交单的前提条件。
在卖方对买方资信不了解的情况下采用此
种支付方式，对卖方具有保护作用。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Differences
CAD D/P
Similarities Commercial Credit
Standing
Commercial Credit
Standing
Buyer makes prior
payment
Buyer makes prior
payment
differences Belong to remittance Belong to collection
remittance Reversed
remittance
Binding on URC Not binding on URC
Draft not needed Draft needed
Forward docs
directly to importer
Forward docs to
importer through bank
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Notes
采用 CAD方式，就等于卖方给予买方信用，应
以即期形式为佳，不宜延长信用期限 ;
但在出口实务中，采用见单 30天、货到 30天、
提单日期后 60天甚至 90等远期形式的 CAD也不
少 ;
而且大多通过银行转变单据，表面看来，已将
CAD转化为 D／ P即期或远期 ;
实际上,CAD和 D／ P毕竟是有区别的，宜慎
不宜懈。
经贸学院国贸系
王学惠 ?
Suggestions
（ 1）无论通过银行寄单与否，切不可放 1
／ 3正本提单给进口商。有的进口商可能
找出种种理由，要求出口商同意不付款
情况下放一份正本提单，一旦放给进口
商一份正本提单，那么出口商的物权就
丧失了，众所周知，三份正本提单具有
同等法律效力，一份生效后其余两份主
动失效。
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（ 2）
投保短期出口信用险，不失为安全措施
之一。但保险公司对进口商的资信调查
比较严格，对一个进口商的批准限额很
有限，如采用远期 CAD方式，则不可能
做大规模。
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（ 3）
采用保理业务方式, 确保收汇安全 。 涉及四方当
事人的保理业务机制有两种：用保理机制和双保
理机制 。 我国银行大多采用双保理机制 。 随着信
用证在国际贸易交付方式中比重的下降, 保理业
务机制将在我国出口贸易实务中发挥越来越重要
的作用 。
在保理机制保护下出口商可采用放帐 （ O／ A）
承兑交单 （ D／ A） 等更利于进口商的支付方式 。
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（ 4）
综合运用出口信用险, 保理机制, 进口
商资信, 扩大出口规模, 实现规模效益 。
（ 5）通过银行交单时，应指示委托行在给
代收行面函（ COVER）中注明进口商付
款后变单，并申明受 URC522约束，实
际上将 CAD转化为 D／ P托收业务。
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Sight draft procedure
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Explanation
1,The Drawer and the Drawee negotiate
terms and conditions of the transaction
2,The Drawer ships the goods
3,The Drawer draws a draft and
presents it to the Remitting Bank along
with other documents
4,The Remitting Bank examines the
documents and the draft and forwards
them to the Presenting Bank
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5-8
5,The Presenting Bank notifies the Drawee
of receipt of the documents
6,The Presenting Bank holds the documents
until the payment is made by the Drawee
7,The Drawee examines the documents and
makes the payment for the supplied goods
8,The Presenting Bank releases the
documents to the Drawee
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Characteristics
If the buyer for any reason refuses to
pay,you have to deal with goods "on
the water" or stacked in the customs
zone in a foreign country,It can be very
costly to ship your goods back or to sell
them urgently.
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In both cases,there are substantial
additional expenses (warehousing,cost of
transportation to a new destination,
significant discount,etc.).
In some cases,the buyer who failed to pay
was one of the bidders at the resulting
auction and had bought the goods for a
fraction of the initial price,
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It is also possible,that the buyer will
delay the payment,Although legally the
payment has to be made immediately
upon receipt of the draft by the buyer's
bank,the buyer may hold the payment
until the goods are delivered,
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D/P at sight收款时，如银行丢失所有资料，出口商
怎么办？
根据, 托收统一规则,,与托收有关的
银行对单据在寄送途中的遗失是不承担
责任的。
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首先，如果银行能够证明单据是在寄送
途中遗失的，则银行不承担责任，而无
论该些单据是何等单据。
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其次，如果单据是在银行保管中而不是
寄送途中遗失的，则银行应当承担因未
尽谨慎注意义务而代理不当的责任，银
行负有责任。贵司可以委托人的身份起
诉有关银行，要求其承担损害赔偿责任。
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在具体交易中，如果出现这种情形，则应当区
别情形对待：第一，如果客户急切等待该货物，
且客户信誉良好，愿意无提单付款，则贵司可
以托运人的身份，要求承运人 (船公司 )将货物
凭贵司指示交付给客户。第二，如果单据没有
完全遗失 (这在实践中是正常的，因为银行在托
收业务中一般都是将单据分成两批分别寄送 )，
则补做有关单据，要求客户付款。第三，要求
银行配合出具付款保函允许客户先提货。
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银行在这种情形下因涉及可能承担的赔
偿责任，一般愿意配合督促客户提货，
并愿意为客户的付款承担保证责任。
第四，在单据全部遗失，且客户信誉欠佳
又拒绝提货，或要求先提货再付款，而
银行又不愿意配合的情形下，一方面要
即使与船公司联系控制货物，另一方面
准备起诉银行。
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当然，在单据遗失的情形下，无论何种
情形都要立即联系船公司以控制货物。
这样才能减少损失，同时也没有损害自
己的权利和利益。
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D/P after sight
After shipment of the goods,the exporter
shall draw a usance bill of exchange +
shipping documents to a local bank
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The importer shall accept the usance
draft,and make payment on the due
date of the usance bill.
but he is not allowed to get hold of the
documents until he pays.
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T/R
In such case,in order to push sales of
goods in time,
the importer may borrow B/L before the
maturity of the drafts against the trust
receipts (T/R),and make payment on
the due dates of drafts.
This method is called accommodation.
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The so-called,Trust Receipt” is a
written guaranty by the importer for the
purpose of borrowing B/L from the
collecting bank,
in which the importer declares that he
will take delivery of the goods,
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declare to the customs,store the goods,
take out insurance on and push sales of
goods as the consignee of the collecting
bank,
and acknowledge the title to the goods
and proceeds of the sale belonging to
the collecting bank and will guarantee to
make payment on the date due.
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Documents against Acceptance
(D/A)
Used where a credit period (e.g,
30/60/90 days - 'sight of document' or
from 'date of shipment') has been
agreed between the exporter and buyer,
The buyer is able to collect the
documents against their undertaking to
pay on an agreed date in the future,
rather than immediate payment,
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The exporter's documents are usually
accompanied by a,Draft” which looks
something like a cheque,but is payable
by (drawn on) the buyer,When a buyer
(drawee) agrees to pay on a certain
date,they sign (accept) the draft.
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It is against this acceptance that
documents are released to the buyer,
Up until the point of acceptance,the
exporter may retain control of the goods,
as in the D/P scenario above,However,
after acceptance,the exporter is
financially exposed until the buyer
actually initiates payment through their
bank.
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Characteristics
when dealing with time drafts,the buyer may
take possession of the goods before the
payment,
Under the time draft,you agree on a deferring
period,ship the goods and draw a draft,For
the title documents to be released,the buyer
has to accept the draft by issuing written
evidence of his willingness to pay on the
agreed maturity date (usually by signing and
dating the draft),
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The time draft,in fact,is very similar to
“open account” terms – you have no
control over the goods,nor over the
payment,The only difference is that,in
addition to the contract of sale,you
have the buyer's written guarantee to
make a payment on a certain date,
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You have to rely on the buyer,The
consequences of the refusal to pay are
the same as the
consequences of the refusal to pay
under,open account”,
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General Notes and cautions
A.The banks involved do not guarantee
payment or assume any credit risk.
The banks act merely as intermediaries
to facilitate payment for a shipment.
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B
Generally,banks are under no obligation
to protect the goods.
Banks are also not responsible if the
shipment is seized(没收 ) by customs or
confiscated( 充公 ） to cover any
accrued（ 增加 ） storage costs.
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C
In D/P terms the buyer may refuse to
pay,in which case the seller maintains
title to the shipment.
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D
In D/A terms the buyer may accept (sign)
the draft,take possession of the goods,
but then refuse to pay the draft at
maturity.
In this case the seller has neither
payment nor the goods.
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The seller’s options are reduced to trying
to enforce the buyer’s obligation to pay
the draft through banking channels or
legal action,
both of which involve additional costs.
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How to avoid risks?
The seller:
1.buyer’s credit standing.
2.price intendancy and other restrictions
such as quotas and so on.
3.the goods should be in conformity with
the contract,
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4-7
4.choose right method to release
documents.
5.customer’s representative in-case-of-
need.
6.export on CIF basis.
7,To cover insurance against seller’s
interest on CFR basis.
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BUYER
1.seller’s credit standing.
2.price intendancy.
3.check up documents carefully.
4.choose right method to get documents.
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Accommodation
Collection bill purchased
Cautions for bank:
Good credit of both parties.
Ready sale goods
The bank needs to check up documents.
The payee should be the remitting bank
Application for collection
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T/R
Caustions for bank:
1.buyer’s credit standing.
2.enforce guarding after borrowing B/L.
3.be familiar with the local law,The
entruster should have priority to the
goods,
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Collection charges
单位：人民币
业务种类 费率（额） 最低 最高 说明
托收（出口部分） / / / /
1、光票 0.0625% 50 500 /
2、跟单 0.1% 100 2000 /
3、免付款交单 100 / / /
4、退票（退单） 100 / / /
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托收（进口部分） / / / /
1、光票 0.0625% 500 /
2、跟单 0.1% 100 2000 /
3、免付款交单 100 / / /
4、拒付 50 / / /
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Comparison
