Unit Ten From Composer to Interpreter to Listener I. Three terms composer: one that composes, especially a person who composes music a composer of pop music interpreter: a person who performs musical compositions, e.g., pianist, violinist, cellist, or a conductor of a symphony orchestra listener: a person who listens to music What is the relationship among the three? Why do you listen to music? Why do you listen to different music? II. About the author Aaron Copland (1900-1990), American composer of ballet music, symphonies, chamber music, and orchestral and choral works. Copland’s early works were adaptations of jazz, but he gradually developed a gentler style with a regional flavor drawn from American folk music. His works includes Billy the Kid (1939)-----which contains a variant of the cowboy song, Bury Me Not on the Lone Prairie (1942), Appalachian Spring (1994), and Inscape (1967). The text is an excerpt from a chapter in Copland’s What to Listen for in Music (1939)  III. Jean Baptiste Lully (1632-1687)  (1632-1687) Jean-Baptiste Lully was the principal architect of what became known as the French Baroque style in the Baroque period He dominated the French music scene in an almost monopolistic fashion during the seventeenth century. The King loved his music, and the French people loved his music, too. He dominated the French music scene in an almost monopolistic fashion during the seventeenth century. The King loved his music, and the French people loved his music, too. This quintessential French composer was born an Italian in Florence on November 28, 1632. Lully remained in Italy studying dance and music until the age of eleven. By this point he was already learning violin and guitar. In March 1646 the young Jean-Baptiste moved to the court of Mlle de Montpensier in order to tutor her in Italian. It was during his tenure at this French court at the Tuileries that Lully began studying composition and harpsichord. IV. Richard Wagner (1813-1883) He is not only known because of his 13 operas and numerous other compositions but also because of his inevitable influence on our understanding of German culture and history. He has been classified as an anarchist and a socialist and, simultaneously, as a proto-fascist and nationalist, as a vegetarian and an antisemite... In fact, his name has appeared in connection to almost all major trends in German history of the 19th and 20th centuries. V. Language Points 1. quintessential: of, relating to, or having the nature of a quintessence; being the most typical: “Liszt was the quintessential romantic” quintessence: the pure, highly concentrated essence of a thing. the quintessence of good manners the quintessence of evil. 罪恶的化身 exterior interior 2. embody: to represent in bodily or material form: “As John Adams embodied the old style, Andrew Jackson embodied the new”. Words embody thoughts and feelings. This book -dies the works of many young writers. The latest locomotives embody many new features. 3. mirror: to reflect in or as if in a mirror: The city mirrors many of the greatest moments of Western culture. The election results mirror public opinion quite well. 4. His character may be streaked with human frailties ---- like Lully’s or Wagner’s, for example --- but whatever is fine in his music will come from whatever is fine in him as a man. His personality may include many human weaknesses, as did Lully’s or Wagner’s, but excellent in his music will still stem from those aspects of his personality which are excellent. streak: lines or bands to cover with streaks to run fast a streak of lightning a losing streak一连串的失败 There is a streak of cruelty in his character. Bacon 咸肉has streaks of fat and streaks of lean. She had a long streak of bad luck. I'll hit a streak of good luck someday. At Stanford University, preparations were being made for the longest streak (running). They travel(l)ed like a blue streak through Italy. 他们走马观花般地走遍意大利。 The Indians used to streak their faces with paint. 5. confront: to come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility encounter face oppose confront evade avoid New tasks now confronted the working class. My house confronts his. The prisoner was confronted with his accusers. A soldier has to confront danger and death. Chinese exploration team seemed to be confronted with insurmountable difficulties and hardships at first, but they returned home successful and triumphant. 6. It is the interrelation of personality and period that results in the formation of a composer’s style. A composer’s style is formed from the interrelationship between his personality and his own period. 7. The role of the interpreter leaves no room for argument. There is no need to argue about the part that an interpreter plays. room: the need or possibility for something to happen or be done His study and work leave him no room for entertainment. There is plenty of room for improvement in his work. There is no room for doubt. (reason for) The facts leave little room for doubt as to his innocence. 8. be open to ------ be subject to; be willing to accept The latest film by our studio is open to suggestions and different opinions. His resignation from the post of general manager is open to misunderstanding, suspicion and gossip on the part of the staff members, but actually it is his sincere wish to let the young people shoulder the responsibility and develop themselves professionally without him. 9. betray: be disloyal or unfaithful to “One of you has betrayed me.” (Jesus Christ) Her face betrayed her nervousness. The officer betrayed the secret to his friends. Don't betray the people's trust in you. She was betrayed into a snare. Confusion betrays the guilty. 慌张显出有罪, 神色慌张必有鬼。 10. It cannot be, …… in individual matter of taste and choice. The musical notation cannot be the exact transcription of a composer’s thought both because it is ambiguous and because it provides freedom for personal taste and choice. 11. derive from ------ obtain from To derive a conclusion from facts Many English words are derived from Latin. The school kids in the school derive great pleasure from acting on the stage. 12. That bespeaks a responsibility on the part of the hearer. That shows that listener is duty-bound to fully appreciate or understand music. bespeak: to be or give a sign of; indicate to engage, hire, or order in advance We have bespoken three tickets for tomorrow. Today's events bespeak future tragedy. 13. refract: cause light to change when passing through Water refracts light “In the Quartet reality is refracted through a variety of eyes” (Elizabeth Kastor) 在这个四重奏中，现实通过许多人的眼睛的折射而改变. Quiz 10 （Unit 10&11） Name ______________ Score ______________ I. Explain the following words, phrases and sentences in your own words. 1. benign: 2. funk: 3. candid: 4. uncanny: 5. constitution (unit 11): 6. spacious: 7. quintessential: 8. tempo: 9. static: 10. He was only wild: 11. embody: 12. He was down and out. 13. That bespeaks a responsibility on the part of the hearer.. 14. …streaked with human frailties. 15. It is not so much the composer that the listener hears as the interpreter’s conception of the composer. II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. III. Write out the antonyms of the following expressions. No composer can write into his music a value that he does not posses a man. I got some glimmering of what he was driving at. He was always neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with his age and station. So that in most cases we can take technical proficiency for granted. 1. stray away   2. insane   3. affected   4. mild   5. physical   6. sufficient   7. agreeable   8. ordinary  IV. Make a sentence with each of the following phrases, with no less than 12 words. something of leave no room for derive from take aback 5. be confronted with V. Translate the following into English. 他在债权人的任意摆布下，处境十分危急。 2． 期末考试日期临近， 同学们愈加发愁了。 3． 这位具有高度的责任感和敏锐的洞察力的领导英年早逝，他年迈的父母悲痛欲绝。