2013-3-1 1
Chapter 3,
Project Integration
Management
2013-3-1 2
Learning Objectives
? Understand the importance of project integration
management
? Describe an overall framework for project
integration management
? Describe project plan development and the key
components of a good project plan
? Explain project plan execution and key aspects of
getting work results
? Describe the integrated change control process and
the creation of project plan updates,corrective action,
and lessons learned
2013-3-1 3
Chapter Outline
? What is Project Integration Management?
? Project Plan Development
? Project Plan Execution
? Overall Change Control
? Change Control on IT Projects
? Change Control System
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3.1 What is Project Integration
Management?
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The definition of project
integration management*
? Project integration management
is the processes involved in
coordinating all of the other
project management knowledge
areas throughout a project's life
cycle,
2013-3-1 6
The Key to Overall Project Success,Good
Project Integration Management
? Project managers must coordinate all of
the other knowledge areas throughout
a project’s life cycle
? Many new project managers have
trouble looking at the,big picture” and
want to focus on too many details
? Project integration management is not
the same thing as software integration
2013-3-1 7
Project Integration
Management Overview
Note,The PMBOK Guide includes similar charts for each knowledge area,
2013-3-1 8
Framework for Project
Integration Management
Focus on pulling everything to-
gether to reach project success!
2013-3-1 9
Project Integration
Management Processes
? Three main processes
? Project Plan Development,taking the
results of other planning processes and
putting them into a consistent,coherent
document—the project plan
? Project Plan Execution,carrying out the
project plan
? Integrated Change Control,coordinating
changes across the entire project
2013-3-1 10
计划编制过程
时间
6.3
活动历时估计
范围
5.2
范围计划编制
时间
6.1
活动定义
时间
6.2
活动排序
时间
6.4
进度计划开发
成本
7.2
成本估算
范围
5.3
范围定义
成本
7.1
资源计划编制
风险
11.1
风险管理计划编制
成本
7.2
成本预算
整体
4.1
项目计划编制
核心过程
启动过程
范围
5.1
启动
执行过程
辅助过程
整体
4.2
项目计划实施
质量
8.2
质量保证
人力资源
9.3
团队开发
采购
12.3
询价
采购
12.4
资源选择
采购
12.5
合同管理
沟通
10.2
信息发布
控制过程
辅助过程
整体
4.3
综合变更控制
范围
5.5
范围变更控制
时间
6.5
进度计划控制
范围
5.4
范围验证
成本
7.4
成本控制
质量
8.3
质量控制
风险
11.4
风险控制
沟通
10.3
绩效报告
收尾过程
采购
12.6
合同收尾
沟通
10.4
管理收尾
项目整体
4.1
项目计划制定
4.2
项目计划实施
4.3
综合变更控制
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3.2 Project Plan Development
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Planning Processes
计划编制过程
时间
6.3
活动历时估计
范围
5.2
范围计划编制
时间
6.1
活动定义
时间
6.2
活动排序
时间
6.4
进度计划开发
成本
7.2
成本估算
范围
5.3
范围定义
成本
7.1
资源计划编制
风险
11.1
风险管理计划编制
成本
7.2
成本预算
整体
4.1
项目计划编制
质量
8.1
质量计划编制
人力资源
9.1
组织计划编制
时间
9.2
人员获取
采购
12.1
采购计划编制
采购
12.2
询价计划编制
沟通
10.1
沟通计划编制
风险
11.2
风险识别
风险
11.3
定性风险分析
风险
11.4
定量风险分析
风险
11.5
风险应对计划
核心过程
来自启
动过程
来自控
制过程
去向执
行过程
2013-3-1 13
Project Plan Development
? A project plan is a document used to
coordinate all project planning documents
? Its purposes are to
? guide project execution
? Document project planning assumptions
? Document project planning decision regarding
alternatives chosen
? Facilitate communication among stakeholder
? Provide a baseline for progress measurement
and project control
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Attributes of Project Plans
Just as projects are unique,so are
project plans
? Plans should be updated as changes
occur
? Plans should first and foremost guide
project execution
? Plans should be dynamic
? Plans should be flexible
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Common Elements of a Project
Plan
? Introduction or overview of the project
? Description of how the project is organized
? Management and technical processes used
on the project
? Work to be done
? Schedule
? budget
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Sample Outline for a Project
Management Plan
P r oje c t Ma na g e me nt P la n S e c tions
In t r od u c t ion P r oj e c t
Or gan iz at ion
M an age r ial
P r oc e ss
P r oj e c t S c op e
or Wor k t o Be
Com p le t e d
P r oj e c t S c h e d u le P r oj e c t Bu d ge t
P r oje c t Na me ; Or g a niz a tion
c ha r ts;
Ma na g e me nt
Obje c tive s
Ma jor Work
P a c ka g e s
S umm a r y
S c he dule
S umma r y
B udg e t
P r oje c t
De sc r iption
a nd Ne e d;
P r oje c t
Re sponsibili tie s
P r oje c t
Controls
Ke y
De live r a ble s
De ta ile d S c he dule
De ta ile d
B udg e t
S ponsor; Othe r
Or g a niz a tion -
Re la te d
I nf or ma tion
r isk
ma na g e me nt;
Othe r S c ope -
Re la te d
I nf or ma tion
Ot he r S c he dule -
Re la te d
I nf or ma tion
Othe r B udg e t -
Re la te d
I nf or ma tion
P r oje c t
Ma na g e r a nd
Ke y Te a m
Me mbe r s;
P r oje c t S ta f f ing
P r oje c t
De live r a ble s
Te c hnic a l
P r oc e sse s
Re f e r e nc e
Ma te r ia ls
S e c tion
Topic s
De f initions a nd
Ac r ony ms
P MB OK GU I DE
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Sample Outline for a Software
Project Management Plan (SPMP)
P r ojec t M a na g e ment P lan Sec ti ons
In t r od u c t ion P r oj e c t
Organi z at ion
M an age r ial
P r oc e ss
T e c h n ical
P r oc e ss
Wor k P ac k age s,
S c h e d u le,and
B u d ge t
P r ojec t
ove r view ;
P r oc e ss m ode l;
Ma na g e ment
objec ti ve s a nd
pr iorit ies;
Me thods,tool s,
a nd tec hn iques;
W or k pa c ka g e s;
pr ojec t
de li ve r a bles;
or g a niz a ti ona l
st r uc ture ;
a ssum pti ons,
de pe nde nc ies,
a nd c onst r a int s;
softwa r e
doc umentati on;
De pe nde nc ies;
e volut ion of
the SP MP ;
or g a niz a ti ona l
bounda r ies a nd
int e r f a c e s;
r is k
mana g e ment;
pr ojec t s uppor t
f unc ti ons
r e sourc e
r e quire ments;
r e f e r e nc e
mater ials;
pr ojec t
r e sponsi bil it ie s
moni toring a nd
c ontroll ing
mec ha nis ms ;
budg e t and r e sourc e
a ll oc a ti on;
S e c ti on
Topics
de f ini ti ons a nd
a c r ony ms
st a f f ing plan sc he dule
I EEE St d 10581 - 1987
2013-3-1 18
Contents of a project plan
内容
相关的项目管理过程
项目总结 (project summary),项目章程 (project chart)
启动 (initiation)
财务说明和现金流预测 (financial statement and cash
flow forecast)
成本预算 (cost budgeting)
技术规范 (specification),程序指南 (procedure guide)
质量计划编制 (quality planning)
工作说明 (work statement),范围说明 (scope statement),工
作分解结构 (WBS)
范围计划编制 (scope planning)
综合进度计划 ( master schedule),主要里程碑 ( main
milestones)
进度计划制定 (schedule planning)
预算和成本控制系统 (budgets and cost control systems)
成本预算 (cost budgeting),成本估算 (cost
estimating)
执行情况测量基准 (performance measure baselines)
沟通计划编制 (communication planning)
活动 /事件网络计划 (activities /events network plan)
进度计划制定 (schedule planning)
2013-3-1 19
内容
相关的项目管理过程
材料和设备预测 (material and equipment forecast)
采购计划编制 (procurement planning)
项目组织计划 (project organization plan)
组织计划编制 (organization planning)
项目人事计划 (project personnel plan),关键人员 (key
staff),责任分配矩阵 (responsibility assignment matrix)
报告和审查程序 (reporting and review procedure)
沟通计划编制 ( communication
planning)
变更控制系统 (change control system)
整体变更控制 (overall change control)
尚未定论的问题和有待作出的决策 (open issues and
pending decision)
风险管理计划编制 (risk management
planning),风险评估等 (risk assessment
and others)
风险评估 (risk assessment)
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Stakeholder Analysis
? A stakeholder analysis documents
important (often sensitive) information
about stakeholders such as
? stakeholders’ names and organizations
? roles on the project
? unique facts about stakeholders
? level of influence and interest in the project
? suggestions for managing relationships
2013-3-1 21
Sample Stakeholder Analysis
Ke y S ta ke holde r s
Ahme d S usa n Er ik Ma r k Da vid
Or g a niz a tion I nte r na l
se nior
ma na g e me nt
P r oje c t te a m P r oje c t te a m Ha r dwa r e
ve ndor
P r oje c t
ma na g e r f or
othe r
inte r na l
pr oje c t
Role on
pr oje c t
S ponsor of
pr oje c t a nd
one of the
c ompa ny ' s
f ounde r s
DNA
se que nc in g
e x pe r t
L e a d
pr og r a mme r
S upplie s
some
instrume nt
ha r dwa r e
Compe ting
f or c ompa ny
r e sourc e s
Unique f a c ts De ma nding,
like s de ta ils,
busine ss
f oc us,
S ta nf or d
MB A
Ve r y sma r t,
P h.D,in
biolog y,
e a sy to wor k
with,ha s a
toddle r
B e st
pr og r a mme r
I know,
we ird se n se
of humor
S ta r t - up
c ompa ny,he
knows w e
c a n ma ke
him ric h if
this wor ks
Nic e g uy,
one of olde st
pe ople a t
c ompa ny,
ha s 3 kids in
c olle g e
L e ve l of
inte r e st
Ve r y hig h Ve r y hig h Hig h Ve r y hig h L ow to
me dium
L e ve l of
influe nc e
Ve r y hig h;
c a n c a ll the
shots
S ubje c t
ma tte r
e x pe r t;
c r itic a l to
suc c e ss
Hig h; ha r d
to re pla c e
L ow; othe r
ve ndor s
a va ila ble
L ow to
me dium
S ug g e stions
on ma na g ing
r e la tionship
Ke e p
infor me d,le t
him le a d
c onve r sa tion
s,do a s he
sa y s a nd
quic kly
Ma ke sure
she r e vie ws
spe c ific a tion
s a nd le a ds
te sting ; c a n
do some
wor k f r om
home
Ke e p him
ha ppy so he
sta y s;
e mpha siz e
stoc k
options;
like s
Me x ic a n
f ood
Give him
e noug h le a d
time to
de live r
ha r dwa r e
He knows
his proje c t
ta ke s a ba c k
se a t to this
one,but I
c a n le a r n
f r om him
2013-3-1 22
3.3 Project Plan Execution
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Project Plan Execution
? Project plan execution involves
managing and performing the work
described in the project plan
? The majority of time and money is
usually spent on execution
? project managers must practice what
they preach -- should follow their
own plans
2013-3-1 24
Executing processes
执行过程
辅助过程
整体
4.2
项目计划实施
质量
8.2
质量保证
人力资源
9.3
团队开发
采购
12.3
询价
采购
12.4
资源选择
采购
12.5
合同管理
沟通
10.2
信息发布
来自计划
过程
来自控制
过程
去向控制
过程
2013-3-1 25
What Went Wrong?
? Many people have a poor view of plans
based on past experiences,Senior
managers often require a plan,but
then no one follows up on whether the
plan was followed,
? Why should project members feel
obligated to follow their own plans
when the project manager obviously
did not follow his?
2013-3-1 26
Important Skills for Project
Execution
? General management skills like
leadership,communication,and
political skills
? Product skills and knowledge because
the products of the project are
produced during execution
? Use of specialized tools and
techniques
2013-3-1 27
Tools and Techniques for
Project Execution
? Work Authorization System,a method
for ensuring that qualified people do
work at the right time and in the
proper sequence
? Status Review Meetings,regularly
scheduled meetings used to exchange
project information
? Project Management Software,special
software to assist in managing
projects
2013-3-1 28
3.4 Integrated Change Control
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Integrated Change Control
? Integrated change control* involves
identifying,evaluating,and managing
changes throughout the project life cycle
? Three main objectives of change control,
? Influence the factors that create changes
to ensure they are beneficial
? Determine that a change has occurred
? Manage actual changes when and as
they occur
*Note,1996 PMBOK called this process,overall change control”
2013-3-1 30
Controlling Processes
来自执行
过程
控制过程
辅助过程
整体
4.3
综合变更控制
范围
5.5
范围变更控制
时间
6.5
进度计划控制
范围
5.4
范围验证
成本
7.4
成本控制
质量
8.3
质量控制
风险
11.4
风险控制
去向执行
过程
沟通
10.3
绩效报告
去向计划
过程
去向收尾
过程
2013-3-1 31
Integrated Change Control
Process
2013-3-1 32
Change Control on IT Projects
? Former view,The project team should strive to
do exactly what was planned on time and within
budget
? Problem,Stakeholders rarely agreed up-front on
the project scope,and time and cost estimates
were inaccurate
? Modern view,Project management is a process
of constant communication and negotiation
? Solution,Changes are often beneficial,and the
project team should plan for them
2013-3-1 33
Change Control System(CCS)
? A formal,documented process that
describes when and how official project
documents and work may be changed
? Describes who is authorized to make
changes and how to make them
? CCS includes
? change control board (CCB)
? configuration management
? communicating changes
2013-3-1 34
Change Control Boards (CCBs)
? A formal group of people responsible
for approving or rejecting changes
on a project
? Provides guidelines for preparing
change requests
? evaluates them
? manages the implementation of
approved changes
? Includes stakeholders from the
entire organization
2013-3-1 35
Making Timely Changes
? Some CCBs only meet occasionally,
so it may take too long for changes
to occur
? Some organizations have policies in
place for time-sensitive changes
?,48 hour policy”
? Delegate changes to the lowest level
possible,but keep everyone informed
of changes
2013-3-1 36
Configuration Management
? Ensures that the products and their
descriptions are correct and complete
? Configuration management specialists
? Identify the functional and physical
design characteristics of products
? Control changes,record and report
changes
? Audit the products to verify conformance
to requirements
2013-3-1 37
Suggestions for Managing Integrated
Change Control
? View project management as a process of
constant communications and negotiations
? Plan for change
? Establish a formal change control system,
including a Change Control Board (CCB)
? Use good configuration management
? Define procedures for making timely decisions on
smaller changes
? Use written and oral performance reports to help
identify and manage change
? Use project management and other software to
help manage and communicate changes
2013-3-1 38
Quick Quiz
? What are the three main processes of
integration management?
? What is the main purpose of a project plan?
? What project management tool can you use
to help manage relationships with different
people involved in your project?
ANSWER,project plan development,project plan execution,and
integrated change control
ANSWER,to facilitate action or guide project execution
ANSWER,a stakeholder analysis
2013-3-1 39
Assignment
? Develop an outline (major headings and subheadings only)
for a project plan to create a Web site for your class,and
then fill in the details for the introduction or overview section,
? Assume that this Web site would include a home page with links to a
syllabus for the class,lecture notes or other instructional information,
links to other Web sites with project management information,and
links to personal pages for each member of your class and future
classes,Also include a bulletin board and chat room feature where
students and the instructor can exchange information,
? Assume your instructor is the project’s sponsor,you are the project
manager,your classmates are your project team,and you have up to
one year to complete the project,
Chapter 3,
Project Integration
Management
2013-3-1 2
Learning Objectives
? Understand the importance of project integration
management
? Describe an overall framework for project
integration management
? Describe project plan development and the key
components of a good project plan
? Explain project plan execution and key aspects of
getting work results
? Describe the integrated change control process and
the creation of project plan updates,corrective action,
and lessons learned
2013-3-1 3
Chapter Outline
? What is Project Integration Management?
? Project Plan Development
? Project Plan Execution
? Overall Change Control
? Change Control on IT Projects
? Change Control System
2013-3-1 4
3.1 What is Project Integration
Management?
2013-3-1 5
The definition of project
integration management*
? Project integration management
is the processes involved in
coordinating all of the other
project management knowledge
areas throughout a project's life
cycle,
2013-3-1 6
The Key to Overall Project Success,Good
Project Integration Management
? Project managers must coordinate all of
the other knowledge areas throughout
a project’s life cycle
? Many new project managers have
trouble looking at the,big picture” and
want to focus on too many details
? Project integration management is not
the same thing as software integration
2013-3-1 7
Project Integration
Management Overview
Note,The PMBOK Guide includes similar charts for each knowledge area,
2013-3-1 8
Framework for Project
Integration Management
Focus on pulling everything to-
gether to reach project success!
2013-3-1 9
Project Integration
Management Processes
? Three main processes
? Project Plan Development,taking the
results of other planning processes and
putting them into a consistent,coherent
document—the project plan
? Project Plan Execution,carrying out the
project plan
? Integrated Change Control,coordinating
changes across the entire project
2013-3-1 10
计划编制过程
时间
6.3
活动历时估计
范围
5.2
范围计划编制
时间
6.1
活动定义
时间
6.2
活动排序
时间
6.4
进度计划开发
成本
7.2
成本估算
范围
5.3
范围定义
成本
7.1
资源计划编制
风险
11.1
风险管理计划编制
成本
7.2
成本预算
整体
4.1
项目计划编制
核心过程
启动过程
范围
5.1
启动
执行过程
辅助过程
整体
4.2
项目计划实施
质量
8.2
质量保证
人力资源
9.3
团队开发
采购
12.3
询价
采购
12.4
资源选择
采购
12.5
合同管理
沟通
10.2
信息发布
控制过程
辅助过程
整体
4.3
综合变更控制
范围
5.5
范围变更控制
时间
6.5
进度计划控制
范围
5.4
范围验证
成本
7.4
成本控制
质量
8.3
质量控制
风险
11.4
风险控制
沟通
10.3
绩效报告
收尾过程
采购
12.6
合同收尾
沟通
10.4
管理收尾
项目整体
4.1
项目计划制定
4.2
项目计划实施
4.3
综合变更控制
2013-3-1 11
3.2 Project Plan Development
2013-3-1 12
Planning Processes
计划编制过程
时间
6.3
活动历时估计
范围
5.2
范围计划编制
时间
6.1
活动定义
时间
6.2
活动排序
时间
6.4
进度计划开发
成本
7.2
成本估算
范围
5.3
范围定义
成本
7.1
资源计划编制
风险
11.1
风险管理计划编制
成本
7.2
成本预算
整体
4.1
项目计划编制
质量
8.1
质量计划编制
人力资源
9.1
组织计划编制
时间
9.2
人员获取
采购
12.1
采购计划编制
采购
12.2
询价计划编制
沟通
10.1
沟通计划编制
风险
11.2
风险识别
风险
11.3
定性风险分析
风险
11.4
定量风险分析
风险
11.5
风险应对计划
核心过程
来自启
动过程
来自控
制过程
去向执
行过程
2013-3-1 13
Project Plan Development
? A project plan is a document used to
coordinate all project planning documents
? Its purposes are to
? guide project execution
? Document project planning assumptions
? Document project planning decision regarding
alternatives chosen
? Facilitate communication among stakeholder
? Provide a baseline for progress measurement
and project control
2013-3-1 14
Attributes of Project Plans
Just as projects are unique,so are
project plans
? Plans should be updated as changes
occur
? Plans should first and foremost guide
project execution
? Plans should be dynamic
? Plans should be flexible
2013-3-1 15
Common Elements of a Project
Plan
? Introduction or overview of the project
? Description of how the project is organized
? Management and technical processes used
on the project
? Work to be done
? Schedule
? budget
2013-3-1 16
Sample Outline for a Project
Management Plan
P r oje c t Ma na g e me nt P la n S e c tions
In t r od u c t ion P r oj e c t
Or gan iz at ion
M an age r ial
P r oc e ss
P r oj e c t S c op e
or Wor k t o Be
Com p le t e d
P r oj e c t S c h e d u le P r oj e c t Bu d ge t
P r oje c t Na me ; Or g a niz a tion
c ha r ts;
Ma na g e me nt
Obje c tive s
Ma jor Work
P a c ka g e s
S umm a r y
S c he dule
S umma r y
B udg e t
P r oje c t
De sc r iption
a nd Ne e d;
P r oje c t
Re sponsibili tie s
P r oje c t
Controls
Ke y
De live r a ble s
De ta ile d S c he dule
De ta ile d
B udg e t
S ponsor; Othe r
Or g a niz a tion -
Re la te d
I nf or ma tion
r isk
ma na g e me nt;
Othe r S c ope -
Re la te d
I nf or ma tion
Ot he r S c he dule -
Re la te d
I nf or ma tion
Othe r B udg e t -
Re la te d
I nf or ma tion
P r oje c t
Ma na g e r a nd
Ke y Te a m
Me mbe r s;
P r oje c t S ta f f ing
P r oje c t
De live r a ble s
Te c hnic a l
P r oc e sse s
Re f e r e nc e
Ma te r ia ls
S e c tion
Topic s
De f initions a nd
Ac r ony ms
P MB OK GU I DE
2013-3-1 17
Sample Outline for a Software
Project Management Plan (SPMP)
P r ojec t M a na g e ment P lan Sec ti ons
In t r od u c t ion P r oj e c t
Organi z at ion
M an age r ial
P r oc e ss
T e c h n ical
P r oc e ss
Wor k P ac k age s,
S c h e d u le,and
B u d ge t
P r ojec t
ove r view ;
P r oc e ss m ode l;
Ma na g e ment
objec ti ve s a nd
pr iorit ies;
Me thods,tool s,
a nd tec hn iques;
W or k pa c ka g e s;
pr ojec t
de li ve r a bles;
or g a niz a ti ona l
st r uc ture ;
a ssum pti ons,
de pe nde nc ies,
a nd c onst r a int s;
softwa r e
doc umentati on;
De pe nde nc ies;
e volut ion of
the SP MP ;
or g a niz a ti ona l
bounda r ies a nd
int e r f a c e s;
r is k
mana g e ment;
pr ojec t s uppor t
f unc ti ons
r e sourc e
r e quire ments;
r e f e r e nc e
mater ials;
pr ojec t
r e sponsi bil it ie s
moni toring a nd
c ontroll ing
mec ha nis ms ;
budg e t and r e sourc e
a ll oc a ti on;
S e c ti on
Topics
de f ini ti ons a nd
a c r ony ms
st a f f ing plan sc he dule
I EEE St d 10581 - 1987
2013-3-1 18
Contents of a project plan
内容
相关的项目管理过程
项目总结 (project summary),项目章程 (project chart)
启动 (initiation)
财务说明和现金流预测 (financial statement and cash
flow forecast)
成本预算 (cost budgeting)
技术规范 (specification),程序指南 (procedure guide)
质量计划编制 (quality planning)
工作说明 (work statement),范围说明 (scope statement),工
作分解结构 (WBS)
范围计划编制 (scope planning)
综合进度计划 ( master schedule),主要里程碑 ( main
milestones)
进度计划制定 (schedule planning)
预算和成本控制系统 (budgets and cost control systems)
成本预算 (cost budgeting),成本估算 (cost
estimating)
执行情况测量基准 (performance measure baselines)
沟通计划编制 (communication planning)
活动 /事件网络计划 (activities /events network plan)
进度计划制定 (schedule planning)
2013-3-1 19
内容
相关的项目管理过程
材料和设备预测 (material and equipment forecast)
采购计划编制 (procurement planning)
项目组织计划 (project organization plan)
组织计划编制 (organization planning)
项目人事计划 (project personnel plan),关键人员 (key
staff),责任分配矩阵 (responsibility assignment matrix)
报告和审查程序 (reporting and review procedure)
沟通计划编制 ( communication
planning)
变更控制系统 (change control system)
整体变更控制 (overall change control)
尚未定论的问题和有待作出的决策 (open issues and
pending decision)
风险管理计划编制 (risk management
planning),风险评估等 (risk assessment
and others)
风险评估 (risk assessment)
2013-3-1 20
Stakeholder Analysis
? A stakeholder analysis documents
important (often sensitive) information
about stakeholders such as
? stakeholders’ names and organizations
? roles on the project
? unique facts about stakeholders
? level of influence and interest in the project
? suggestions for managing relationships
2013-3-1 21
Sample Stakeholder Analysis
Ke y S ta ke holde r s
Ahme d S usa n Er ik Ma r k Da vid
Or g a niz a tion I nte r na l
se nior
ma na g e me nt
P r oje c t te a m P r oje c t te a m Ha r dwa r e
ve ndor
P r oje c t
ma na g e r f or
othe r
inte r na l
pr oje c t
Role on
pr oje c t
S ponsor of
pr oje c t a nd
one of the
c ompa ny ' s
f ounde r s
DNA
se que nc in g
e x pe r t
L e a d
pr og r a mme r
S upplie s
some
instrume nt
ha r dwa r e
Compe ting
f or c ompa ny
r e sourc e s
Unique f a c ts De ma nding,
like s de ta ils,
busine ss
f oc us,
S ta nf or d
MB A
Ve r y sma r t,
P h.D,in
biolog y,
e a sy to wor k
with,ha s a
toddle r
B e st
pr og r a mme r
I know,
we ird se n se
of humor
S ta r t - up
c ompa ny,he
knows w e
c a n ma ke
him ric h if
this wor ks
Nic e g uy,
one of olde st
pe ople a t
c ompa ny,
ha s 3 kids in
c olle g e
L e ve l of
inte r e st
Ve r y hig h Ve r y hig h Hig h Ve r y hig h L ow to
me dium
L e ve l of
influe nc e
Ve r y hig h;
c a n c a ll the
shots
S ubje c t
ma tte r
e x pe r t;
c r itic a l to
suc c e ss
Hig h; ha r d
to re pla c e
L ow; othe r
ve ndor s
a va ila ble
L ow to
me dium
S ug g e stions
on ma na g ing
r e la tionship
Ke e p
infor me d,le t
him le a d
c onve r sa tion
s,do a s he
sa y s a nd
quic kly
Ma ke sure
she r e vie ws
spe c ific a tion
s a nd le a ds
te sting ; c a n
do some
wor k f r om
home
Ke e p him
ha ppy so he
sta y s;
e mpha siz e
stoc k
options;
like s
Me x ic a n
f ood
Give him
e noug h le a d
time to
de live r
ha r dwa r e
He knows
his proje c t
ta ke s a ba c k
se a t to this
one,but I
c a n le a r n
f r om him
2013-3-1 22
3.3 Project Plan Execution
2013-3-1 23
Project Plan Execution
? Project plan execution involves
managing and performing the work
described in the project plan
? The majority of time and money is
usually spent on execution
? project managers must practice what
they preach -- should follow their
own plans
2013-3-1 24
Executing processes
执行过程
辅助过程
整体
4.2
项目计划实施
质量
8.2
质量保证
人力资源
9.3
团队开发
采购
12.3
询价
采购
12.4
资源选择
采购
12.5
合同管理
沟通
10.2
信息发布
来自计划
过程
来自控制
过程
去向控制
过程
2013-3-1 25
What Went Wrong?
? Many people have a poor view of plans
based on past experiences,Senior
managers often require a plan,but
then no one follows up on whether the
plan was followed,
? Why should project members feel
obligated to follow their own plans
when the project manager obviously
did not follow his?
2013-3-1 26
Important Skills for Project
Execution
? General management skills like
leadership,communication,and
political skills
? Product skills and knowledge because
the products of the project are
produced during execution
? Use of specialized tools and
techniques
2013-3-1 27
Tools and Techniques for
Project Execution
? Work Authorization System,a method
for ensuring that qualified people do
work at the right time and in the
proper sequence
? Status Review Meetings,regularly
scheduled meetings used to exchange
project information
? Project Management Software,special
software to assist in managing
projects
2013-3-1 28
3.4 Integrated Change Control
2013-3-1 29
Integrated Change Control
? Integrated change control* involves
identifying,evaluating,and managing
changes throughout the project life cycle
? Three main objectives of change control,
? Influence the factors that create changes
to ensure they are beneficial
? Determine that a change has occurred
? Manage actual changes when and as
they occur
*Note,1996 PMBOK called this process,overall change control”
2013-3-1 30
Controlling Processes
来自执行
过程
控制过程
辅助过程
整体
4.3
综合变更控制
范围
5.5
范围变更控制
时间
6.5
进度计划控制
范围
5.4
范围验证
成本
7.4
成本控制
质量
8.3
质量控制
风险
11.4
风险控制
去向执行
过程
沟通
10.3
绩效报告
去向计划
过程
去向收尾
过程
2013-3-1 31
Integrated Change Control
Process
2013-3-1 32
Change Control on IT Projects
? Former view,The project team should strive to
do exactly what was planned on time and within
budget
? Problem,Stakeholders rarely agreed up-front on
the project scope,and time and cost estimates
were inaccurate
? Modern view,Project management is a process
of constant communication and negotiation
? Solution,Changes are often beneficial,and the
project team should plan for them
2013-3-1 33
Change Control System(CCS)
? A formal,documented process that
describes when and how official project
documents and work may be changed
? Describes who is authorized to make
changes and how to make them
? CCS includes
? change control board (CCB)
? configuration management
? communicating changes
2013-3-1 34
Change Control Boards (CCBs)
? A formal group of people responsible
for approving or rejecting changes
on a project
? Provides guidelines for preparing
change requests
? evaluates them
? manages the implementation of
approved changes
? Includes stakeholders from the
entire organization
2013-3-1 35
Making Timely Changes
? Some CCBs only meet occasionally,
so it may take too long for changes
to occur
? Some organizations have policies in
place for time-sensitive changes
?,48 hour policy”
? Delegate changes to the lowest level
possible,but keep everyone informed
of changes
2013-3-1 36
Configuration Management
? Ensures that the products and their
descriptions are correct and complete
? Configuration management specialists
? Identify the functional and physical
design characteristics of products
? Control changes,record and report
changes
? Audit the products to verify conformance
to requirements
2013-3-1 37
Suggestions for Managing Integrated
Change Control
? View project management as a process of
constant communications and negotiations
? Plan for change
? Establish a formal change control system,
including a Change Control Board (CCB)
? Use good configuration management
? Define procedures for making timely decisions on
smaller changes
? Use written and oral performance reports to help
identify and manage change
? Use project management and other software to
help manage and communicate changes
2013-3-1 38
Quick Quiz
? What are the three main processes of
integration management?
? What is the main purpose of a project plan?
? What project management tool can you use
to help manage relationships with different
people involved in your project?
ANSWER,project plan development,project plan execution,and
integrated change control
ANSWER,to facilitate action or guide project execution
ANSWER,a stakeholder analysis
2013-3-1 39
Assignment
? Develop an outline (major headings and subheadings only)
for a project plan to create a Web site for your class,and
then fill in the details for the introduction or overview section,
? Assume that this Web site would include a home page with links to a
syllabus for the class,lecture notes or other instructional information,
links to other Web sites with project management information,and
links to personal pages for each member of your class and future
classes,Also include a bulletin board and chat room feature where
students and the instructor can exchange information,
? Assume your instructor is the project’s sponsor,you are the project
manager,your classmates are your project team,and you have up to
one year to complete the project,
