Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 1
Unit Three
Text A
Why Nations Trade
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 2
Text A
Why Nations Trade
Pre-reading Task
Related Information
Detailed Study
Summary&Outline
Home Assignment
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 3
Pre-reading Task
Do you agree with the following statements,
1,Trade among countries allows people in
each country to use their energies in doing
what they do best,
2,Specialization is harmful to a country’s
economy,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 4
1,exchange,
n,①, 电话总机之交换台,
②, 交换,互换
give A in exchange for B
e.g,He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake,
v,to give or receive something/someone of the same type or of equal
value in return for another,交易,交换
e.g,He exchanged the blue sweater for a red one
All exchanged seats with Ben,
exchange A for B,把 A换成 B
e.g,Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?
cf,return A for B,退 A换取 B trade A for B,用 A 来交换 B
exchangeable a,可交换的
2,product n,
①, 产品
e.g,Important products of South Africa are fruit and gold,
②, 结果
e.g,Criminals are sometimes are products of bad homes,
production n,生产,产生,制作,影片,艺术作品
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 5
productivity n,生产力
productive a,多产的,产生 … 的,生产性的
produce v,生产,制造,
3,import
v,输入,进口
e.g,His company sells imported silk,
n,输入 (品 ),进口 (品 )
e.g,In order to take its revenges on Japan,this country stopped the import of its
agricultural product,
export v./ n,输出,出口
4,efficient a,working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way
效率高的,能胜任的 (所表, 效率, 着重于有技巧和节省精力方面,通常用于人 )
e.g,The city’s transport system is one of the most efficient in Europe,
We need someone really efficient who can organize the office and make it run
smoothly,
cf,effective,1) producing the result that was wanted or intended 2)start officially
有效的,生效的 (强调, 实际上产生的效果, 或, 具有产生效果的能力, )
e.g,It’s a very effective cure for a headache,
The new law will become effective next month,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 6
efficiently ad,效率高地
efficiency n,功效,效率,效能
sufficient a,足够的,充分的
deficient a,缺乏的,不足的
inefficient a,效率低的
5,advantage
n,①, 便利,优点,优势
e.g,He had the advantage over other boys of being born into a rich
family,
②, 利益
e.g,It will be to his advantage if he studies hard,
v,对 … 有利,有助于
e.g,Such foolish behoviour will not advantage your case,
advantageous a,
advantageously ad,
disadvantage n,不利,弊端,短处
take advantage of 利用 (某人 / 某物 )
have the advantage of sb,胜过,占优势
gain /have an advantage over sb,优于,胜过
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 7
6,possess v,① 拥有,有
e.g,He never possessed much money,but he always possessed good health,
② 对 … 影响很深,足以控制或支配行为
e.g,Fear possessed him and prevented him from moving,
possessed a,着了魔的,拥有的
possession n,拥有,所有权,财产 (复 )
possessive a,有占有欲的,所有格的
possessor n,拥有者
7,in most cases,in most situations
cf,in that case
e.g.,I’m afraid I can’t come after all.”,Well,in that case I’m not going either.”
in any case
e.g,We have to pass your house in any case,so we’ll take you home,
8,(or) rather,used to give more specific information or correct something you
have said,
e.g,You have to be sixteen for cheap tickets--- or rather under sixteen,
He explained what the Crux is,or rather,what it was,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 8
9,that is (to say ),in other words,used to indicate that the writer or speaker is
about to express the same idea more clearly or precisely,
e.g,Education Ministers ought to have placed the interests of consumers --- that
is to say pupils--- first,
I’ll meet you in the city,that is,I will if the trains are running,
10,specialize,to limit all or most of your study,business,etc,to a particular
subject or
activity,
e.g,After qualifying,he decided to specialize in contract law,
We went to a restaurant that specializes in Italian food,
11,go hand in hand,If something goes hand in hand with something else,it is
closely related to it and happens at the same time as it does or as a result of it,
e.g,Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment,
Prosperity and investment go hand in hand,
cf,I saw Pat and Chris walking hand in hand (= holding each other’s hand)
through town the other day,
12,enable,to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something,
e.g,Money from her aunt enabled Jan to buy the house,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 9
13,resource,often used in plural form to mean something such as land,minerals,
or natural,energy
e.g,a country rich in natural resources
Canada’s vast mineral resources
cf,We must make the best possible use of our limited financial resources,
Martin has inner resources that will see him through this crisis,
resources for learning resource room / center
14,it pays to do something,doing something will bring a good result or advantage
to do something else,
e.g,It usually pays to tell the truth,
It never pays to take risks where human safety is concerned,
cf,Hard training now will pay (you richly when it comes to the actual competition,
If the pub doesn’t start to pay (=make a profit,we’ll have to sell it,
15,make good use of,get as much advantage as possible from something
e.g,We must make the best possible use of the resources we have,
cf,make use of,to use something that is available in order to achieve something
else or get an advantage for yourself
e.g,Not enough people are making use of the children’s play scheme,
We might as well make use of (= use) the hotel’s facilities,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 10
16,manufacture,to make or produce large quantities of goods to be sold,
e.g,the company that manufactures the drug
manufactured goods
manufacturing industries
cf,produce,to grow something or make it naturally; make things to be sold
e.g,Canada produces high-quality wheat,
The factory produces an incredible 100 cars per hour,
Gas can be produced from coal,
17,be skilled at/in doing something,to have the knowledge and ability to do
something well
e.g,She’s skilled at dealing with members of the public,
Few doctors are actually trained,and not al are skilled,in helping their patients
make
choices,
18,devote… to,to give (one’s time or effort or love) wholly to (something he
believes in or a person),or to use (a particular amount of time or energy) doing
(something)
e.g,The Cabinet minister left government to devote more time to his young
family,
She has devoted all her energies/life to taking care of homeless people,
Over half of his speech was devoted to the issue of unemployment,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 11
19,talent,(someone who has) a natural ability to be good at something
e.g,Her talent for music showed at an early age,
She is a young dancer of great talent,
We are looking for new/fresh/young local talent (= new/fresh/young local
people with talent),
20,suffer from,to experience something unpleasant,such as illness,pain,loss,or
hardship
e.g,She suffers from headaches,
The village suffered from floods,
21,benefit,something that gives you advantages or improves your life in some way
e.g,an aid program that has brought lasting benefits to the region,
cf,profit,money that you gain by selling things or doing business
e.g,She makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies,
You don’t expect to make much profit within the first couple of years of setting
up a
company,
22,compared to/ with,in comparison with
e.g,Compared to many others you are very lucky indeed,
London is large,compared to/ with Paris,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 12
23,be better off,to have more money,to be in a better condition
e.g,We are better off this year than we were last year,
You could pay it back afterwards when you are better off,
24,be made from,to be made out of
cf,The table is made of wood,
Bread is made from corn,
25,depend on,to need the support of; be supported by; rely on
e.g,Children depend on their parents,
The country depends heavily on foreign aid,
Pollution of the sea has killed thousands of the fish on which many fishermen
depend for their livelihood,
26,count on something,to expect something to happen and include it in your
plans
e.g,You can’t count on the weather being fine,
We are counting on selling at least 5000 copies of the book,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 13
Related Information
Advantages of Trade,
In 1776 the Scottish economist Adam Smith,
in the Wealth of Nations,proposed that specialization in production
leads to increased output,He believed that in order to meet a
constantly growing demand for goods,a country’s scarce resources
must be allocated efficiently,According to his theory,a country that
trades internationally should specialize in producing only those goods
in which it has an absolute advantage,that is,those goods it can
produce more cheaply than can its trading partners,The country can
then export a portion of those goods and,in turn,import goods that its
trading partners produce more cheaply,Adam Smith’s works is the
foundation of the classical school of economic thought,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 14
Related Information
Comparative Advantage,
The English economist David Ricardo modified this theory on
international trade,His theory,which is still accepted by most
modern economists,stresses the principle of comparative
advantage,This principle illustrates the ability to produce a
product or service at a relatively lower cost than other
competitors,In other words,a nation has a comparative
advantage in producing those items it does best compared with
other nations,Comparative advantage is the cornerstone of
international trade,Nations export goods and services in which
they have a comparative advantage and import those goods
and services in which they have a comparative disadvantage,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 15
Summary
International trade can be regarded as a form of buying and
selling goods and services among different countries,There are
two reasons for nations to trade,the differences in natural
resources in different countries and the benefit of specialization,
When a country specializes,it can benefit in three ways,1)
Products it makes will have a better quality,2) The cost of
these products will be lower,3) Most important of all,the people
in these countries will enjoy a wealthier life,Countries can
specialize not only by producing certain goods but also by
selling primary products,which can be a very important source
of income for many countries,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 16
Outline
1,The general form of international trade,(Para.1)
buying and selling goods and services
2,The reasons for nations to trade,(Para.2-4)
differences in natural resources
It pays to specialize,
3,Advantages of specialization,(Para,5-8)
It can make some goods that are of better quality,
It also enables one country to produce some goods more
cheaply,
It may also help towns,countries,and people better of f,
4,Selling primary products,(Para,9-10)
Primary products are of great importance to many
countries,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 17
Home Assignment
1,Practices,exercise 5 --- exercise 10
2,Review the words and phrases we have
learned,
3,Look for text-related information,stock,
stock
market,two classes of stock
4,Pre-read text B,
By Linda Yu 1
Unit Three
Text A
Why Nations Trade
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 2
Text A
Why Nations Trade
Pre-reading Task
Related Information
Detailed Study
Summary&Outline
Home Assignment
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 3
Pre-reading Task
Do you agree with the following statements,
1,Trade among countries allows people in
each country to use their energies in doing
what they do best,
2,Specialization is harmful to a country’s
economy,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 4
1,exchange,
n,①, 电话总机之交换台,
②, 交换,互换
give A in exchange for B
e.g,He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake,
v,to give or receive something/someone of the same type or of equal
value in return for another,交易,交换
e.g,He exchanged the blue sweater for a red one
All exchanged seats with Ben,
exchange A for B,把 A换成 B
e.g,Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?
cf,return A for B,退 A换取 B trade A for B,用 A 来交换 B
exchangeable a,可交换的
2,product n,
①, 产品
e.g,Important products of South Africa are fruit and gold,
②, 结果
e.g,Criminals are sometimes are products of bad homes,
production n,生产,产生,制作,影片,艺术作品
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 5
productivity n,生产力
productive a,多产的,产生 … 的,生产性的
produce v,生产,制造,
3,import
v,输入,进口
e.g,His company sells imported silk,
n,输入 (品 ),进口 (品 )
e.g,In order to take its revenges on Japan,this country stopped the import of its
agricultural product,
export v./ n,输出,出口
4,efficient a,working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way
效率高的,能胜任的 (所表, 效率, 着重于有技巧和节省精力方面,通常用于人 )
e.g,The city’s transport system is one of the most efficient in Europe,
We need someone really efficient who can organize the office and make it run
smoothly,
cf,effective,1) producing the result that was wanted or intended 2)start officially
有效的,生效的 (强调, 实际上产生的效果, 或, 具有产生效果的能力, )
e.g,It’s a very effective cure for a headache,
The new law will become effective next month,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 6
efficiently ad,效率高地
efficiency n,功效,效率,效能
sufficient a,足够的,充分的
deficient a,缺乏的,不足的
inefficient a,效率低的
5,advantage
n,①, 便利,优点,优势
e.g,He had the advantage over other boys of being born into a rich
family,
②, 利益
e.g,It will be to his advantage if he studies hard,
v,对 … 有利,有助于
e.g,Such foolish behoviour will not advantage your case,
advantageous a,
advantageously ad,
disadvantage n,不利,弊端,短处
take advantage of 利用 (某人 / 某物 )
have the advantage of sb,胜过,占优势
gain /have an advantage over sb,优于,胜过
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 7
6,possess v,① 拥有,有
e.g,He never possessed much money,but he always possessed good health,
② 对 … 影响很深,足以控制或支配行为
e.g,Fear possessed him and prevented him from moving,
possessed a,着了魔的,拥有的
possession n,拥有,所有权,财产 (复 )
possessive a,有占有欲的,所有格的
possessor n,拥有者
7,in most cases,in most situations
cf,in that case
e.g.,I’m afraid I can’t come after all.”,Well,in that case I’m not going either.”
in any case
e.g,We have to pass your house in any case,so we’ll take you home,
8,(or) rather,used to give more specific information or correct something you
have said,
e.g,You have to be sixteen for cheap tickets--- or rather under sixteen,
He explained what the Crux is,or rather,what it was,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 8
9,that is (to say ),in other words,used to indicate that the writer or speaker is
about to express the same idea more clearly or precisely,
e.g,Education Ministers ought to have placed the interests of consumers --- that
is to say pupils--- first,
I’ll meet you in the city,that is,I will if the trains are running,
10,specialize,to limit all or most of your study,business,etc,to a particular
subject or
activity,
e.g,After qualifying,he decided to specialize in contract law,
We went to a restaurant that specializes in Italian food,
11,go hand in hand,If something goes hand in hand with something else,it is
closely related to it and happens at the same time as it does or as a result of it,
e.g,Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment,
Prosperity and investment go hand in hand,
cf,I saw Pat and Chris walking hand in hand (= holding each other’s hand)
through town the other day,
12,enable,to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something,
e.g,Money from her aunt enabled Jan to buy the house,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 9
13,resource,often used in plural form to mean something such as land,minerals,
or natural,energy
e.g,a country rich in natural resources
Canada’s vast mineral resources
cf,We must make the best possible use of our limited financial resources,
Martin has inner resources that will see him through this crisis,
resources for learning resource room / center
14,it pays to do something,doing something will bring a good result or advantage
to do something else,
e.g,It usually pays to tell the truth,
It never pays to take risks where human safety is concerned,
cf,Hard training now will pay (you richly when it comes to the actual competition,
If the pub doesn’t start to pay (=make a profit,we’ll have to sell it,
15,make good use of,get as much advantage as possible from something
e.g,We must make the best possible use of the resources we have,
cf,make use of,to use something that is available in order to achieve something
else or get an advantage for yourself
e.g,Not enough people are making use of the children’s play scheme,
We might as well make use of (= use) the hotel’s facilities,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 10
16,manufacture,to make or produce large quantities of goods to be sold,
e.g,the company that manufactures the drug
manufactured goods
manufacturing industries
cf,produce,to grow something or make it naturally; make things to be sold
e.g,Canada produces high-quality wheat,
The factory produces an incredible 100 cars per hour,
Gas can be produced from coal,
17,be skilled at/in doing something,to have the knowledge and ability to do
something well
e.g,She’s skilled at dealing with members of the public,
Few doctors are actually trained,and not al are skilled,in helping their patients
make
choices,
18,devote… to,to give (one’s time or effort or love) wholly to (something he
believes in or a person),or to use (a particular amount of time or energy) doing
(something)
e.g,The Cabinet minister left government to devote more time to his young
family,
She has devoted all her energies/life to taking care of homeless people,
Over half of his speech was devoted to the issue of unemployment,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 11
19,talent,(someone who has) a natural ability to be good at something
e.g,Her talent for music showed at an early age,
She is a young dancer of great talent,
We are looking for new/fresh/young local talent (= new/fresh/young local
people with talent),
20,suffer from,to experience something unpleasant,such as illness,pain,loss,or
hardship
e.g,She suffers from headaches,
The village suffered from floods,
21,benefit,something that gives you advantages or improves your life in some way
e.g,an aid program that has brought lasting benefits to the region,
cf,profit,money that you gain by selling things or doing business
e.g,She makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies,
You don’t expect to make much profit within the first couple of years of setting
up a
company,
22,compared to/ with,in comparison with
e.g,Compared to many others you are very lucky indeed,
London is large,compared to/ with Paris,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 12
23,be better off,to have more money,to be in a better condition
e.g,We are better off this year than we were last year,
You could pay it back afterwards when you are better off,
24,be made from,to be made out of
cf,The table is made of wood,
Bread is made from corn,
25,depend on,to need the support of; be supported by; rely on
e.g,Children depend on their parents,
The country depends heavily on foreign aid,
Pollution of the sea has killed thousands of the fish on which many fishermen
depend for their livelihood,
26,count on something,to expect something to happen and include it in your
plans
e.g,You can’t count on the weather being fine,
We are counting on selling at least 5000 copies of the book,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 13
Related Information
Advantages of Trade,
In 1776 the Scottish economist Adam Smith,
in the Wealth of Nations,proposed that specialization in production
leads to increased output,He believed that in order to meet a
constantly growing demand for goods,a country’s scarce resources
must be allocated efficiently,According to his theory,a country that
trades internationally should specialize in producing only those goods
in which it has an absolute advantage,that is,those goods it can
produce more cheaply than can its trading partners,The country can
then export a portion of those goods and,in turn,import goods that its
trading partners produce more cheaply,Adam Smith’s works is the
foundation of the classical school of economic thought,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 14
Related Information
Comparative Advantage,
The English economist David Ricardo modified this theory on
international trade,His theory,which is still accepted by most
modern economists,stresses the principle of comparative
advantage,This principle illustrates the ability to produce a
product or service at a relatively lower cost than other
competitors,In other words,a nation has a comparative
advantage in producing those items it does best compared with
other nations,Comparative advantage is the cornerstone of
international trade,Nations export goods and services in which
they have a comparative advantage and import those goods
and services in which they have a comparative disadvantage,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 15
Summary
International trade can be regarded as a form of buying and
selling goods and services among different countries,There are
two reasons for nations to trade,the differences in natural
resources in different countries and the benefit of specialization,
When a country specializes,it can benefit in three ways,1)
Products it makes will have a better quality,2) The cost of
these products will be lower,3) Most important of all,the people
in these countries will enjoy a wealthier life,Countries can
specialize not only by producing certain goods but also by
selling primary products,which can be a very important source
of income for many countries,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 16
Outline
1,The general form of international trade,(Para.1)
buying and selling goods and services
2,The reasons for nations to trade,(Para.2-4)
differences in natural resources
It pays to specialize,
3,Advantages of specialization,(Para,5-8)
It can make some goods that are of better quality,
It also enables one country to produce some goods more
cheaply,
It may also help towns,countries,and people better of f,
4,Selling primary products,(Para,9-10)
Primary products are of great importance to many
countries,
Unit Three Text A
By Linda Yu 17
Home Assignment
1,Practices,exercise 5 --- exercise 10
2,Review the words and phrases we have
learned,
3,Look for text-related information,stock,
stock
market,two classes of stock
4,Pre-read text B,
