Media (1)
Chapter 15
Xiao Huiyun
December,2005
Division of media
T e l e v i s i o n R a d i o N e w s p a p e r s,m a g a z i n e s
M e d i a
Introduction
? Television viewing is Britain’s most popular
pastime,The average Briton spends more than
three and a half hours per day watching
television,including videotapes,More than 97
percent of Britain’s households have a color
television and 73 percent have a videocassette
recorder (VCR),Practically every home has a
radio,and about 70 percent of the population
listens to radio on a daily basis.
British National broadcasters
? Public broadcasting
? The largest UK broadcaster is the BBC which runs two
national television channels (with national and regional
sub-divisions),five national radio stations,cable and
digital TV channels,and more than 40 local radio stations,
The Corporation has global enterprises in both television
and radio,as well as a broadcast monitoring service,and
Europe's most visited content web site,Although
predominantly a public service organization,which raises
revenue from a universal licensing system,the BBC also
operates commercially in many domains both inside and
outside the UK
British National broadcasters
? Private broadcasting
? Independent Television ITV (the Channel 3 companies) –
15 regionally based franchisees provide both local and
national (network) services,In addition,GMTV operates
a breakfast network service,The entire Channel 3 service
is largely dominated by two companies,Carlton and
Granada,They own or control 12 of the ITV franchises,
? Channel 4 is a hybrid public service,minority interest
service which also raises revenue through advertising
sales,(There is a separate fourth channel in Wales,Sianel
Pedwar Cymru [S4C],which is funded partly by
advertising and partly by the State,and carries peak-time
Welsh language programming.)
? A fifth terrestrial channel began broadcasting in April
1997,Channel 5 is a commercial operation carrying
advertising
The UK Television
? The five national
networks (excluding
satellite)
? Cable and digital
? Five national networks in
the UK,
The main channels
? BBC 1 - since 1936,general interest programmes.
? BBC 2 - minority and specialist interests.
? ITV – (Channel 3 since 1955) is approximately 33% informative
and 66% light entertainment.
? Channel 4 - since 1982,15% educational programmes,
encourages innovation and experiment.
? Channel 5 – since 1997
The BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)
? Six national stations.
? Broadcasts,BBC 1,2,4,
BBC News 24,BBC
Choice,BBC Parliament.
? Radio Channels.
? No advertising.
? Worldwide television
services (BBC World,
BBC Prime)
The division of programmes
? Light entertainment (variety shows,soap operas,situation
comedies,game shows)
? News/current affairs
? Documentaries
? Children’s TV
? Music
? Sport
? Films/TV movies
? Drama/plays
The content of BBC1-BBC2 programming
for 2002-2003
BBC1 BBC2
? News 570 h,100 h.
? Current affairs 80 h,230 h.
? Drama
? Comedy
? Entertainment
? Arts and music 200 h.
? Factual 500 h.
? Learning
? Sport 430 h.
? Religion 80-120 h,20 h,
? Events
? Children’s – 400 h,100 h.
British favourite TV shows
?,Are you being served?”
?,Bless me father”
?,Fawlty Towers”
?,Mulberry”
?,Yes,Prime Minister”
?,Blackadder”
?,Chef”
?,Holmes”
British Soap Opera
? The storylines of Coronation
Street tend to concentrate on
relationships within and between
families rather than on topical or
social issues
? Coronation Street is imbued with
a definite feeling of community,
Through its account of
supposedly everyday life,the
programme shows a high degree
of social realism
? The Street,as it is affectionately
known,has been at the top of
the U.K,ratings for over thirty
years,
? Coronation Street
Who Regulates BBC & ITV?
? The Broadcasting Standards Commission has
responsibility for regulating the portrayal of violence and
sexual conduct,and issues of taste and decency in all
television,as well as handling complaints of invasions of
privacy and unfair treatment.
? The Independent Television Commission (ITC) (appointed
by the government) regulates commercial television,and
the Radio Authority commercial radio,All three statutory
bodies have codes of practice and publish their findings on
complaints.
Who Regulates BBC & ITV?
? BBC is ultimately responsible to parliament through its 12
publicly appointed governors (Board of Governors),Many
of its plans have to be approved by Government Ministers,
Vacancies for governors were advertised for the first time
in 1998
? For the most part,the UK media are regulated more by
general law,In total,it is estimated,more than 140 pieces
of legislation have specific relevance to the media,and
litigation remains a favoured method (at least among those
who can afford it) of bringing the media to account,Other
forms of accountability have less effect,
Who Regulates BBC & ITV
? In 1990 the Broadcasting Act was passed in an attempt
to guarantee standards of decency,accuracy in news
coverage,and balanced presentations of controversial
topics,while encouraging more competition in television
and radio,
? The Broadcasting Act passed in 1996 addressed the
new digital technologies in broadcasting that would
allow for more radio and television services to be made
available to the public
BBC Governors' Profiles
? Gavyn Davies OBE
? Lord (Richard) Ryder of Wensum
? Sir Robert Smith
? Professor Fabian Monds CBE
? Professor Merfyn Jones
? Ranjit Sondhi CBE
? Dame Pauline Neville-Jones
DCMG
? Dermot Gleeson
? Baroness (Sarah) Hogg
? Angela Sarkis CBE
? Dame Ruth Deech
? Deborah Bull CBE
BBC Executive Committee
? The BBC’s day-to-day
operations are run by 16
divisions,Their directors
report to the director-general,
forming the Executive
Committee,
? The director-general is chief
executive and editor-in-chief,
BBC governors appoint the
director-general and,with
him/her,senior management
? Each division's performance
is regularly assessed by the
BBC’s governors,
? Every July,BBC governors
publish an Annual Report to
licence payers and
Parliament which assesses
the BBC's performance
against objectives over the
past year
Basic Principles for Broadcasting
? All the channels excepting Channel 4 are
obliged by law to be impartial and neutral in
dealing with social and political affairs,
Channels 4 is allowed to show its neutrality
across a series of programmes.( p244)
? Public broadcasting should serve the purpose
of entertaining,informing and educating the
nation.( p250 )
The Funding
? BBC 1 & BBC 2 – licence fees from viewers,sale of
programmes,hire and sale of educational films
based on programmes, Do not get any of their
revenue through advertising.
? BBC World – an advertiser funded channel,with 24-
hour news,information and analysis.
? ITV Channels 3,4,5 all profit-making,revenue from
advertising see p244 for more details
Basic Principles for Broadcasting
? There should not be political bias and the
presentation of sex and violence on the
screen.( p248 )
? At least 86% of all programmes in the peak
viewing period on ITV and Channel 4 must
come from British or European sources,(p244)
? Decent standard should be maintained (p248)
Radio
? The BBC has five radio networks that broadcast
throughout Britain
? There are also three independent national radio
services (classical music,rock music,and talk radio),
and about 200 independent local radio services,
? These independent radio services are awarded licenses
by the Radio Authority
? BBC World Service Radio broadcasts around the world
in English and 45 other languages,carrying extensive
programs and high-quality news broadcasts.
The brief history of British radio
? 1922,BBC started daily
broadcasting on 2LO on 14
Nov,The first voice was
Arthur Burrows,reading the
news.
? 1922,15 Nov,5IT and 2ZY
became first BBC stations
outside London,
? 1967,On 30th September,
BBC radio reorganisation
launched Radio's 1,2,3 and
4,
? 1967,"Third
Programme,and"National
Programme" replaced 2LO,
The "Regional Programme",
an alternative service,started
later this year,
The brief history of British radio
? 1973,Birth of independent
(commercial) radio,with LBC and
Capital Radio in London,
? 1988,First commercial station 'split'
frequencies,
? 1990,IBA split into ITC 1991,
Radio 1 goes 24 hours on 1 May,
? 1992,Launch of Classic FM,
Britain's first national commercial
radio station,
? 1995,Talk Radio began
broadcasting on 14 Feb,
? 1993,Launch of Virgin
1215,
? 1996,New rules on cross-
media ownership heralds
further change in the radio
industry.
The most popular British radio
stations
? Clare FM
? Anna Livia
? Live 95
? Welsh Radio International
? Imperial College radio
? Capital FM
? BBC Radio 2
Chapter 15
Xiao Huiyun
December,2005
Division of media
T e l e v i s i o n R a d i o N e w s p a p e r s,m a g a z i n e s
M e d i a
Introduction
? Television viewing is Britain’s most popular
pastime,The average Briton spends more than
three and a half hours per day watching
television,including videotapes,More than 97
percent of Britain’s households have a color
television and 73 percent have a videocassette
recorder (VCR),Practically every home has a
radio,and about 70 percent of the population
listens to radio on a daily basis.
British National broadcasters
? Public broadcasting
? The largest UK broadcaster is the BBC which runs two
national television channels (with national and regional
sub-divisions),five national radio stations,cable and
digital TV channels,and more than 40 local radio stations,
The Corporation has global enterprises in both television
and radio,as well as a broadcast monitoring service,and
Europe's most visited content web site,Although
predominantly a public service organization,which raises
revenue from a universal licensing system,the BBC also
operates commercially in many domains both inside and
outside the UK
British National broadcasters
? Private broadcasting
? Independent Television ITV (the Channel 3 companies) –
15 regionally based franchisees provide both local and
national (network) services,In addition,GMTV operates
a breakfast network service,The entire Channel 3 service
is largely dominated by two companies,Carlton and
Granada,They own or control 12 of the ITV franchises,
? Channel 4 is a hybrid public service,minority interest
service which also raises revenue through advertising
sales,(There is a separate fourth channel in Wales,Sianel
Pedwar Cymru [S4C],which is funded partly by
advertising and partly by the State,and carries peak-time
Welsh language programming.)
? A fifth terrestrial channel began broadcasting in April
1997,Channel 5 is a commercial operation carrying
advertising
The UK Television
? The five national
networks (excluding
satellite)
? Cable and digital
? Five national networks in
the UK,
The main channels
? BBC 1 - since 1936,general interest programmes.
? BBC 2 - minority and specialist interests.
? ITV – (Channel 3 since 1955) is approximately 33% informative
and 66% light entertainment.
? Channel 4 - since 1982,15% educational programmes,
encourages innovation and experiment.
? Channel 5 – since 1997
The BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)
? Six national stations.
? Broadcasts,BBC 1,2,4,
BBC News 24,BBC
Choice,BBC Parliament.
? Radio Channels.
? No advertising.
? Worldwide television
services (BBC World,
BBC Prime)
The division of programmes
? Light entertainment (variety shows,soap operas,situation
comedies,game shows)
? News/current affairs
? Documentaries
? Children’s TV
? Music
? Sport
? Films/TV movies
? Drama/plays
The content of BBC1-BBC2 programming
for 2002-2003
BBC1 BBC2
? News 570 h,100 h.
? Current affairs 80 h,230 h.
? Drama
? Comedy
? Entertainment
? Arts and music 200 h.
? Factual 500 h.
? Learning
? Sport 430 h.
? Religion 80-120 h,20 h,
? Events
? Children’s – 400 h,100 h.
British favourite TV shows
?,Are you being served?”
?,Bless me father”
?,Fawlty Towers”
?,Mulberry”
?,Yes,Prime Minister”
?,Blackadder”
?,Chef”
?,Holmes”
British Soap Opera
? The storylines of Coronation
Street tend to concentrate on
relationships within and between
families rather than on topical or
social issues
? Coronation Street is imbued with
a definite feeling of community,
Through its account of
supposedly everyday life,the
programme shows a high degree
of social realism
? The Street,as it is affectionately
known,has been at the top of
the U.K,ratings for over thirty
years,
? Coronation Street
Who Regulates BBC & ITV?
? The Broadcasting Standards Commission has
responsibility for regulating the portrayal of violence and
sexual conduct,and issues of taste and decency in all
television,as well as handling complaints of invasions of
privacy and unfair treatment.
? The Independent Television Commission (ITC) (appointed
by the government) regulates commercial television,and
the Radio Authority commercial radio,All three statutory
bodies have codes of practice and publish their findings on
complaints.
Who Regulates BBC & ITV?
? BBC is ultimately responsible to parliament through its 12
publicly appointed governors (Board of Governors),Many
of its plans have to be approved by Government Ministers,
Vacancies for governors were advertised for the first time
in 1998
? For the most part,the UK media are regulated more by
general law,In total,it is estimated,more than 140 pieces
of legislation have specific relevance to the media,and
litigation remains a favoured method (at least among those
who can afford it) of bringing the media to account,Other
forms of accountability have less effect,
Who Regulates BBC & ITV
? In 1990 the Broadcasting Act was passed in an attempt
to guarantee standards of decency,accuracy in news
coverage,and balanced presentations of controversial
topics,while encouraging more competition in television
and radio,
? The Broadcasting Act passed in 1996 addressed the
new digital technologies in broadcasting that would
allow for more radio and television services to be made
available to the public
BBC Governors' Profiles
? Gavyn Davies OBE
? Lord (Richard) Ryder of Wensum
? Sir Robert Smith
? Professor Fabian Monds CBE
? Professor Merfyn Jones
? Ranjit Sondhi CBE
? Dame Pauline Neville-Jones
DCMG
? Dermot Gleeson
? Baroness (Sarah) Hogg
? Angela Sarkis CBE
? Dame Ruth Deech
? Deborah Bull CBE
BBC Executive Committee
? The BBC’s day-to-day
operations are run by 16
divisions,Their directors
report to the director-general,
forming the Executive
Committee,
? The director-general is chief
executive and editor-in-chief,
BBC governors appoint the
director-general and,with
him/her,senior management
? Each division's performance
is regularly assessed by the
BBC’s governors,
? Every July,BBC governors
publish an Annual Report to
licence payers and
Parliament which assesses
the BBC's performance
against objectives over the
past year
Basic Principles for Broadcasting
? All the channels excepting Channel 4 are
obliged by law to be impartial and neutral in
dealing with social and political affairs,
Channels 4 is allowed to show its neutrality
across a series of programmes.( p244)
? Public broadcasting should serve the purpose
of entertaining,informing and educating the
nation.( p250 )
The Funding
? BBC 1 & BBC 2 – licence fees from viewers,sale of
programmes,hire and sale of educational films
based on programmes, Do not get any of their
revenue through advertising.
? BBC World – an advertiser funded channel,with 24-
hour news,information and analysis.
? ITV Channels 3,4,5 all profit-making,revenue from
advertising see p244 for more details
Basic Principles for Broadcasting
? There should not be political bias and the
presentation of sex and violence on the
screen.( p248 )
? At least 86% of all programmes in the peak
viewing period on ITV and Channel 4 must
come from British or European sources,(p244)
? Decent standard should be maintained (p248)
Radio
? The BBC has five radio networks that broadcast
throughout Britain
? There are also three independent national radio
services (classical music,rock music,and talk radio),
and about 200 independent local radio services,
? These independent radio services are awarded licenses
by the Radio Authority
? BBC World Service Radio broadcasts around the world
in English and 45 other languages,carrying extensive
programs and high-quality news broadcasts.
The brief history of British radio
? 1922,BBC started daily
broadcasting on 2LO on 14
Nov,The first voice was
Arthur Burrows,reading the
news.
? 1922,15 Nov,5IT and 2ZY
became first BBC stations
outside London,
? 1967,On 30th September,
BBC radio reorganisation
launched Radio's 1,2,3 and
4,
? 1967,"Third
Programme,and"National
Programme" replaced 2LO,
The "Regional Programme",
an alternative service,started
later this year,
The brief history of British radio
? 1973,Birth of independent
(commercial) radio,with LBC and
Capital Radio in London,
? 1988,First commercial station 'split'
frequencies,
? 1990,IBA split into ITC 1991,
Radio 1 goes 24 hours on 1 May,
? 1992,Launch of Classic FM,
Britain's first national commercial
radio station,
? 1995,Talk Radio began
broadcasting on 14 Feb,
? 1993,Launch of Virgin
1215,
? 1996,New rules on cross-
media ownership heralds
further change in the radio
industry.
The most popular British radio
stations
? Clare FM
? Anna Livia
? Live 95
? Welsh Radio International
? Imperial College radio
? Capital FM
? BBC Radio 2
