Chapter 4 Education in UK
Sept,2005
Xiao Huiyun
Objectives
? If the family is central to people's lives,
surely their next most significant
experience is their education,In this
chapter we will begin with a brief
survey of the development of free
universal education since the last
century,and then take a closer look at
the main institutions in which British
people are formally educated.
Focal Questions
? What do you think are among the most outstanding
changes in the English education system since the
19th century?
? What does the,streaming” system mean to you?
Do you think the system is reasonable? Why?
? What are some of the recent changes that have
taken place in a) primary schools,b) secondary
schools,and c) higher education?
? Is university life in Britain different from that in
China? If so,in which aspects?
? Apart from universities,can you name some other
higher and further education institutions in Britain?
Procedures
? Presentation by Students – Focal
questions 2 & 4
? Lectures by the teacher
? Class discussion – Exploitation
Activities
? Assignment for the next chapter
Soul of British Society
A1 Change & Reform in
Schools
? Before 1870 school set up by churches,40% of
children aged 10 attended
? From 1870 onwards government took responsibility for
education in response to changes caused by industrial
revolution and movement for social & political reform
? The 1944 Act in England& Wales gave all children the
right to free secondary education
? The tripartite system – at end of primary education
children are selected by means of streaming,Those on
the top stream (20%) went to grammar schools,The
rest went to secondary modern and technical schools
A 1 Change & Reform cont.
? 1960s introduction of comprehensive schools
– early selection & streaming not fair,equal
educational opportunities & meritocracy
? In 1999 85% of children attended
comprehensive schools while 16% went to
remaining gr,schools or private schools,
problems of streaming still remain,holding
back of brighter students,unjustified labelling
A 1 Change & Reform cont.
? Types of Secondary Schools today
? Comprehensive schools +85%
? Grammar schools 4%
? secondary modern schools 4%
? City Technology Colleges (CTCs )
? Specialist schools (England only)
A1 Change and Reform cont.
? Recent reforms -- 1988 Education Reform Act
? National Curriculum for 5 – 16 year-olds and
regular exams -- National Tests at 7,11,14
(p58)
? Introduction of CTCs -- sponsors & main focus
of curriculum
? More power given to schools to run their affairs
within the framework of national curriculum
A 1 Change & Reform cont
? The National Curriculum in England and Wales
is divided into four Key Stages (KS),three core
subjects (English,Mathematics and Science)
and nine non-core foundation subjects,
The Key Stages are age-related,KS 1 goes up
to age seven,KS 2 from seven to eleven,KS 3
from eleven to fourteen (pre-GCSE) and KS 4
from fourteen to sixteen (preparation for GCSE
and equivalent vocational qualifications) -
A 1 Reform & Change Key
Stages and Tests
A1 Change & Reform cont
? National Curriculum subjects,England
? English,Mathematics,
? Science,Design and Technology – this incorporates
craft and design,food technology
? ICT- Information and communications technology
? History
? Geography
? Art and design
? Music
? Physical Education
A 1 Change & Reform cont.
? In Scotland there is no legally prescribed
national curriculum but the Scottish
Executive Education Department sets out
guidelines for teachers,
The curriculum in Northern Ireland is set
by the Northern Ireland Council for
Curriculum,Examinations and
Assessment,
A 1 Change & Reform cont
? 1992 all polytechnics and some colleges
of higher education become universities.
? 1997 In universities grants are
scrapped in favour of student loans,fee
– 1000 pound sterling
? 1998 National scheme using laptops –
expected to spread to all schools in 21st
century
A2 Schools Today – Primary
Phase
? Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-
paying basis) for children aged two to four/five
through playgroups and nursery schools,The
emphasis is on group work,creative activity and
guided play
? Compulsory education begins at five in England,
Wales and Scotland and four in Northern Ireland
? There is little or no specialist subject teaching and
great emphasis on literacy and numeracy in early
years
? The usual age for transfer to secondary schools is
eleven in England,Wales and Northern Ireland and
twelve in Scotland,
A 2 Schools Today –
Secondary Phase
? Compulsory education ends at age sixteen,though
many pupils stay on beyond the minimum leaving
age, The main exam pupils should take is GCSE,
? About 90% of state secondary school pupils in
England,Wales and Scotland go to comprehensive
schools,which provide a wide range of secondary
education for most children of all abilities from a
district in the eleven to eighteen age range (twelve to
eighteen in Scotland)
? At age sixteen pupils in England and Wales may
transfer to sixth form colleges or tertiary
colleges,leading to GCE A level
A 2 School Today Exams
? Examinations
At 16 students in England and Wales take GCSE
examinations,These examinations are taken by
students of all levels of ability in any of a range of
subjects and may involve a final examination,an
assessment of work done during the two year course,
or both of these things,At 18 some students taken
A-level examinations,usually in not more than 3
subjects,It is necessary to have A-levels in order to
go to a university or other institutions of higher
education
A 2 School Today Exams
? Examinations
? In Scotland students take the SCE examinations,A
year later,they can take examinations called
HIGHERS,after which they can either go straight to
a university or spend a further year at school and
take the Certificate of Sixth Year Studies,In Scotland
the university system is different to that in England
and Wales,Courses usually last four years rather
than three and students study a larger number of
subjects as part of their degree,
A 2 Schools Today – Achieve-
ment and Social Class
? Since 1980s reform a general improvement in
qualifications by pupils at 16
? Still a significant relationship between
achievement of children and their parents’
social class
? 80% of children from professional middle
class attend university compared with 17%
from the poorest homes
A 2 Schools Today
Independent Schools
? Fee-paying,known as public schools
? 7% of schoolchildren attending
? Good teaching staff
? Eton – educated 19 Prime Ministers,6
Chancellors of Exchequers,Shelley,
Orwell,founded in 1440 by HENRY VI
to educate sons of the poor for service
of church & state,(see p69 for more)
A 2 School Today Public
School -- Eton College
? Eton with the tutor
A 2 Schools Today Public
School -- Eton College
? Eton Pupils
A2 Schools Today Public
Schools
? Harrow School East Ham Grammar
School for Boys
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Universities
? 110 universities in UK,93 in England,13 in
Scotland,2 in Wales and 2 in N,Ireland
? Over 42% of pupils become university
students on leaving school at 18
? Two other main universities,University of
Buckingham (800 students) Open University
(over 20,000 students),The latter non-
residential university offering courses for
adults of all ages,(more on p61 concerning
important changes)
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Learning Entrance Procedures
? In the third term of Year 12 students prepare
their applications to university
? Applications are then made in the first term
of the Year 13 through one centralised
organisation known as UCAS (Universities
and Colleges Admissions Service )
? Students can apply to a maximum of six
universities/institutions.
? Admission –selection on basis of A level
results,schools &an interview
A 3 Institution of Higher
learning Entrance Procedures
? If a university or institution is impressed by the
student’s UCAS form they will send an offer of a
place conditional upon obtaining certain stated A
Level grades
? The final decision on which institution the student will
actually attend will be taken when the A Level results
are published in mid-August,
? In the case of Cambridge applicants may be asked to
obtain a good mark in an extra exam (called the
STEP),which they can sit just after the A Level
exams,
? Applications through UCAS to Oxford and Cambridge
also have to be sent by a special early deadline
accompanied by a special extra form,
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Cambridge
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Cambridge
? Cambridge University was founded in
1209 by students fleeing from Oxford
after one of the many episodes of
violence between the university and the
town of Oxford.
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Former Vice-Chancellor
? His term of office has
seen major
innovation and
expansion at
Cambridge and a
period where
Cambridge has
topped league tables
and drawn
investment from the
international
business community.
? Sir Alec Broers
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Cambridge
? Professor Sir Alec Broers said:
?,I became Vice-Chancellor because I believed
that I could help Cambridge build on its
strengths by reaching out,Companies and
individuals from all over the world have
worked with us to move forward our research
agenda,and we’ve worked hard to attract
and support outstanding students from many
countries and backgrounds.”
? The Vice-Chancellor is the principal academic
and administrative officer of the University,
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Vice-Chancellor,Cambridge
? It is a great honour that the
University of Cambridge has
chosen me to be its Vice-
Chancellor and to follow in
the footsteps of a heritage
of eminent Vice-Chancellors,
including Professor Sir Alec
Broers,Dame Rosemary
Murray and Sir David
Williams.
? Leading a University with
nearly 800 years' history
and a pre-eminent status on
the world intellectual stage
is a daunting prospect,but I
am looking forward
wholeheartedly to the
challenges ahead.
? Professor Alison
Richard
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Oxford University
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Oxford
? Oxford University,Legend has it that Oxford
University was founded by King Alfred in 872,A more
likely scenario is that it grew out of efforts begun by
Alfred to encourage education and establish schools
throughout his territory,There may have been a
grammar school there in the 9th century,A grammar
school was exactly what it sounds like; a place for
teaching Latin grammar,The University as we know
it actually began in the 12th century as gatherings
of students around popular masters,The university
consisted of people,not buildings,The buildings
came later as a recognition of something that already
existed,In a way,Oxford was never founded; it grew,
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Educations Chancellor,Oxford
? I am very pleased to have
been elected Chancellor of
Oxford University.
? Oxford is one of the greatest
universities in the world,It
has played a distinguished
part in the history of our
country and our continent,
and has much to contribute
to our success and our well-
being as a civilised
community in the future.
? Chris Patten
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Educations Vice-Chancellor
? Sir Colin Lucas has been
Vice-Chancellor of the
University of Oxford since
1997,He is the first Oxford
Vice-Chancellor to serve for
seven years,following the
extension of his original
four-year term of office,
which has enabled him to
see through a wide-ranging
reform of the University's
system of governance
? Sir Colin Lucas
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Oxbridge
? The Boat Race between Oxford & Cambridge started
June 10,1829
? The event is now a British national institution,and is
televised live each year,The race has been won by
Cambridge 77 times and Oxford 71,with one dead heat
in 1877,The most recent event was amongst the closest
in history,with Oxford winning by less than a foot,One
entertainment for spectators is the possibilty of a boat
sinking,This has occurred on three occasions; to the
Oxford crew in 1925 and to Cambridge in 1859 and in
1978,
? The race is currently run over a four mile and 374 yard
stretch of the River Thames between Putney and
Mortlake in London.
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Oxbridge
? The Dark Blue Crew ? Oxford won the
2003 Boat Race,and
with it the Aberdeen
Asset Management
Trophy,by the
narrowest of
margins after one of
the most exciting
finishes of all time.
A 3 Institutions of Higher Education
Oxbridge Boat Race
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Oxbridge
? The Light Blues & Dark Blues
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Universities
? Glasgow University Nottingham
University
A3 Institute of Higher
Education Buckingham Uni.
? Verney Park Campus Chandos Road
Campus
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Open University
? The Open University is ranked in the top
five of UK universities for the quality of
teaching,according to a newly-
published national table.
? The university,whose headquarters are
at Walton Hall,Milton Keynes,has fifth
spot – ahead of Oxford and University
College London – in the Sunday Times
University Guide 2003’s table of
universities with the best marks for
teaching
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Open University
? The University Milton Keynes
Pagoda
A3 Institutions of Higher
Learning Crisis
? Universities in crisis
? In most universities resources are spent on
day-to-day teaching and research; non-
essential work,such as building main tenance,
has been put on the back-burner,At the same
time academic salaries have stalled,plumbers
earn more than professors; research staff are
paid less than school dinner ladies,So top
academics are fleeing to the US and there are
chronic shortages of teaching staff in areas
such as law,computing,maths and computers
A3 Institutions of Higher
Education Crisis
? How has all this come about?
? It boils down to a simple equation,
government funding has remained static
over the past few decades while the
number of students has skyrocketed,As
a result,Britain would now have to
spend ￡3.5bn a year just to bring the
amount it spends per student up to the
EU average,And to return to student
funding levels of a decade ago an extra
￡5.9bn in annual grants would be
needed,roughly an extra 3p in the
pound in income tax,The Week
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education -- Universities
? University graduates dominate British
political leadership,especially those
from Oxbridge – Thatcher,Blair,from
Oxford; 2/3 of Blair’s cabinet members
educated at Oxford or Cambridge
? Individuals still feel positive about
education
A3 Institute of Higher Education
Teacher Training
? To qualify as a teacher in Britain
? One can take a 4-year Bachelor of
Education (BEd) degree
? Or follow any degree with a one- year
PGCE.
? In either case 2/3 of training will take
place in school classrooms
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Students’ Activities
? Choir,Clare College
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Students’ Activities
? Pubbing
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Students’ Activities
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Soccer
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Choir
A 4 Further Education &
Training FECs
? Further education (FE) is distinct from higher
education (HE)
? FE comprises all provision outside school for
people aged 16 and over,up to GCE A level or
equivalent exams,There are 500/600 FECs.
? Students study part-time or in the evening
? FE Colleges have strong links with industry and
commerce,employers often being involved in
the design of the courses,e.g,secretarial
studies & mechanical engineering.
? FEC also offer foundation courses for older
students returning to study after years of
working to gain qualification for entry of higher
education
A 4 Further Education &
Training YTS
? Objectives of Youth Training Scheme:
? To give a training opportunity to school leavers who
did not get a job or go on to university
? To ensure that these young people learn how to
transfer the skills they learn in one job to another
? Education elements in the training are supplied by
FECs
? Critiques,1,artificially reduce unemployment figures
2.reinforce young people’s status as
determined by their class background
3,jobs are not guaranteed after training
End of Presentation
Sept,2005
Xiao Huiyun
Objectives
? If the family is central to people's lives,
surely their next most significant
experience is their education,In this
chapter we will begin with a brief
survey of the development of free
universal education since the last
century,and then take a closer look at
the main institutions in which British
people are formally educated.
Focal Questions
? What do you think are among the most outstanding
changes in the English education system since the
19th century?
? What does the,streaming” system mean to you?
Do you think the system is reasonable? Why?
? What are some of the recent changes that have
taken place in a) primary schools,b) secondary
schools,and c) higher education?
? Is university life in Britain different from that in
China? If so,in which aspects?
? Apart from universities,can you name some other
higher and further education institutions in Britain?
Procedures
? Presentation by Students – Focal
questions 2 & 4
? Lectures by the teacher
? Class discussion – Exploitation
Activities
? Assignment for the next chapter
Soul of British Society
A1 Change & Reform in
Schools
? Before 1870 school set up by churches,40% of
children aged 10 attended
? From 1870 onwards government took responsibility for
education in response to changes caused by industrial
revolution and movement for social & political reform
? The 1944 Act in England& Wales gave all children the
right to free secondary education
? The tripartite system – at end of primary education
children are selected by means of streaming,Those on
the top stream (20%) went to grammar schools,The
rest went to secondary modern and technical schools
A 1 Change & Reform cont.
? 1960s introduction of comprehensive schools
– early selection & streaming not fair,equal
educational opportunities & meritocracy
? In 1999 85% of children attended
comprehensive schools while 16% went to
remaining gr,schools or private schools,
problems of streaming still remain,holding
back of brighter students,unjustified labelling
A 1 Change & Reform cont.
? Types of Secondary Schools today
? Comprehensive schools +85%
? Grammar schools 4%
? secondary modern schools 4%
? City Technology Colleges (CTCs )
? Specialist schools (England only)
A1 Change and Reform cont.
? Recent reforms -- 1988 Education Reform Act
? National Curriculum for 5 – 16 year-olds and
regular exams -- National Tests at 7,11,14
(p58)
? Introduction of CTCs -- sponsors & main focus
of curriculum
? More power given to schools to run their affairs
within the framework of national curriculum
A 1 Change & Reform cont
? The National Curriculum in England and Wales
is divided into four Key Stages (KS),three core
subjects (English,Mathematics and Science)
and nine non-core foundation subjects,
The Key Stages are age-related,KS 1 goes up
to age seven,KS 2 from seven to eleven,KS 3
from eleven to fourteen (pre-GCSE) and KS 4
from fourteen to sixteen (preparation for GCSE
and equivalent vocational qualifications) -
A 1 Reform & Change Key
Stages and Tests
A1 Change & Reform cont
? National Curriculum subjects,England
? English,Mathematics,
? Science,Design and Technology – this incorporates
craft and design,food technology
? ICT- Information and communications technology
? History
? Geography
? Art and design
? Music
? Physical Education
A 1 Change & Reform cont.
? In Scotland there is no legally prescribed
national curriculum but the Scottish
Executive Education Department sets out
guidelines for teachers,
The curriculum in Northern Ireland is set
by the Northern Ireland Council for
Curriculum,Examinations and
Assessment,
A 1 Change & Reform cont
? 1992 all polytechnics and some colleges
of higher education become universities.
? 1997 In universities grants are
scrapped in favour of student loans,fee
– 1000 pound sterling
? 1998 National scheme using laptops –
expected to spread to all schools in 21st
century
A2 Schools Today – Primary
Phase
? Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-
paying basis) for children aged two to four/five
through playgroups and nursery schools,The
emphasis is on group work,creative activity and
guided play
? Compulsory education begins at five in England,
Wales and Scotland and four in Northern Ireland
? There is little or no specialist subject teaching and
great emphasis on literacy and numeracy in early
years
? The usual age for transfer to secondary schools is
eleven in England,Wales and Northern Ireland and
twelve in Scotland,
A 2 Schools Today –
Secondary Phase
? Compulsory education ends at age sixteen,though
many pupils stay on beyond the minimum leaving
age, The main exam pupils should take is GCSE,
? About 90% of state secondary school pupils in
England,Wales and Scotland go to comprehensive
schools,which provide a wide range of secondary
education for most children of all abilities from a
district in the eleven to eighteen age range (twelve to
eighteen in Scotland)
? At age sixteen pupils in England and Wales may
transfer to sixth form colleges or tertiary
colleges,leading to GCE A level
A 2 School Today Exams
? Examinations
At 16 students in England and Wales take GCSE
examinations,These examinations are taken by
students of all levels of ability in any of a range of
subjects and may involve a final examination,an
assessment of work done during the two year course,
or both of these things,At 18 some students taken
A-level examinations,usually in not more than 3
subjects,It is necessary to have A-levels in order to
go to a university or other institutions of higher
education
A 2 School Today Exams
? Examinations
? In Scotland students take the SCE examinations,A
year later,they can take examinations called
HIGHERS,after which they can either go straight to
a university or spend a further year at school and
take the Certificate of Sixth Year Studies,In Scotland
the university system is different to that in England
and Wales,Courses usually last four years rather
than three and students study a larger number of
subjects as part of their degree,
A 2 Schools Today – Achieve-
ment and Social Class
? Since 1980s reform a general improvement in
qualifications by pupils at 16
? Still a significant relationship between
achievement of children and their parents’
social class
? 80% of children from professional middle
class attend university compared with 17%
from the poorest homes
A 2 Schools Today
Independent Schools
? Fee-paying,known as public schools
? 7% of schoolchildren attending
? Good teaching staff
? Eton – educated 19 Prime Ministers,6
Chancellors of Exchequers,Shelley,
Orwell,founded in 1440 by HENRY VI
to educate sons of the poor for service
of church & state,(see p69 for more)
A 2 School Today Public
School -- Eton College
? Eton with the tutor
A 2 Schools Today Public
School -- Eton College
? Eton Pupils
A2 Schools Today Public
Schools
? Harrow School East Ham Grammar
School for Boys
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Universities
? 110 universities in UK,93 in England,13 in
Scotland,2 in Wales and 2 in N,Ireland
? Over 42% of pupils become university
students on leaving school at 18
? Two other main universities,University of
Buckingham (800 students) Open University
(over 20,000 students),The latter non-
residential university offering courses for
adults of all ages,(more on p61 concerning
important changes)
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Learning Entrance Procedures
? In the third term of Year 12 students prepare
their applications to university
? Applications are then made in the first term
of the Year 13 through one centralised
organisation known as UCAS (Universities
and Colleges Admissions Service )
? Students can apply to a maximum of six
universities/institutions.
? Admission –selection on basis of A level
results,schools &an interview
A 3 Institution of Higher
learning Entrance Procedures
? If a university or institution is impressed by the
student’s UCAS form they will send an offer of a
place conditional upon obtaining certain stated A
Level grades
? The final decision on which institution the student will
actually attend will be taken when the A Level results
are published in mid-August,
? In the case of Cambridge applicants may be asked to
obtain a good mark in an extra exam (called the
STEP),which they can sit just after the A Level
exams,
? Applications through UCAS to Oxford and Cambridge
also have to be sent by a special early deadline
accompanied by a special extra form,
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Cambridge
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Cambridge
? Cambridge University was founded in
1209 by students fleeing from Oxford
after one of the many episodes of
violence between the university and the
town of Oxford.
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Former Vice-Chancellor
? His term of office has
seen major
innovation and
expansion at
Cambridge and a
period where
Cambridge has
topped league tables
and drawn
investment from the
international
business community.
? Sir Alec Broers
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Cambridge
? Professor Sir Alec Broers said:
?,I became Vice-Chancellor because I believed
that I could help Cambridge build on its
strengths by reaching out,Companies and
individuals from all over the world have
worked with us to move forward our research
agenda,and we’ve worked hard to attract
and support outstanding students from many
countries and backgrounds.”
? The Vice-Chancellor is the principal academic
and administrative officer of the University,
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Vice-Chancellor,Cambridge
? It is a great honour that the
University of Cambridge has
chosen me to be its Vice-
Chancellor and to follow in
the footsteps of a heritage
of eminent Vice-Chancellors,
including Professor Sir Alec
Broers,Dame Rosemary
Murray and Sir David
Williams.
? Leading a University with
nearly 800 years' history
and a pre-eminent status on
the world intellectual stage
is a daunting prospect,but I
am looking forward
wholeheartedly to the
challenges ahead.
? Professor Alison
Richard
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Oxford University
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Oxford
? Oxford University,Legend has it that Oxford
University was founded by King Alfred in 872,A more
likely scenario is that it grew out of efforts begun by
Alfred to encourage education and establish schools
throughout his territory,There may have been a
grammar school there in the 9th century,A grammar
school was exactly what it sounds like; a place for
teaching Latin grammar,The University as we know
it actually began in the 12th century as gatherings
of students around popular masters,The university
consisted of people,not buildings,The buildings
came later as a recognition of something that already
existed,In a way,Oxford was never founded; it grew,
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Educations Chancellor,Oxford
? I am very pleased to have
been elected Chancellor of
Oxford University.
? Oxford is one of the greatest
universities in the world,It
has played a distinguished
part in the history of our
country and our continent,
and has much to contribute
to our success and our well-
being as a civilised
community in the future.
? Chris Patten
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Educations Vice-Chancellor
? Sir Colin Lucas has been
Vice-Chancellor of the
University of Oxford since
1997,He is the first Oxford
Vice-Chancellor to serve for
seven years,following the
extension of his original
four-year term of office,
which has enabled him to
see through a wide-ranging
reform of the University's
system of governance
? Sir Colin Lucas
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Oxbridge
? The Boat Race between Oxford & Cambridge started
June 10,1829
? The event is now a British national institution,and is
televised live each year,The race has been won by
Cambridge 77 times and Oxford 71,with one dead heat
in 1877,The most recent event was amongst the closest
in history,with Oxford winning by less than a foot,One
entertainment for spectators is the possibilty of a boat
sinking,This has occurred on three occasions; to the
Oxford crew in 1925 and to Cambridge in 1859 and in
1978,
? The race is currently run over a four mile and 374 yard
stretch of the River Thames between Putney and
Mortlake in London.
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Oxbridge
? The Dark Blue Crew ? Oxford won the
2003 Boat Race,and
with it the Aberdeen
Asset Management
Trophy,by the
narrowest of
margins after one of
the most exciting
finishes of all time.
A 3 Institutions of Higher Education
Oxbridge Boat Race
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Oxbridge
? The Light Blues & Dark Blues
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Universities
? Glasgow University Nottingham
University
A3 Institute of Higher
Education Buckingham Uni.
? Verney Park Campus Chandos Road
Campus
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Open University
? The Open University is ranked in the top
five of UK universities for the quality of
teaching,according to a newly-
published national table.
? The university,whose headquarters are
at Walton Hall,Milton Keynes,has fifth
spot – ahead of Oxford and University
College London – in the Sunday Times
University Guide 2003’s table of
universities with the best marks for
teaching
A 3 Institution of Higher
Education Open University
? The University Milton Keynes
Pagoda
A3 Institutions of Higher
Learning Crisis
? Universities in crisis
? In most universities resources are spent on
day-to-day teaching and research; non-
essential work,such as building main tenance,
has been put on the back-burner,At the same
time academic salaries have stalled,plumbers
earn more than professors; research staff are
paid less than school dinner ladies,So top
academics are fleeing to the US and there are
chronic shortages of teaching staff in areas
such as law,computing,maths and computers
A3 Institutions of Higher
Education Crisis
? How has all this come about?
? It boils down to a simple equation,
government funding has remained static
over the past few decades while the
number of students has skyrocketed,As
a result,Britain would now have to
spend ￡3.5bn a year just to bring the
amount it spends per student up to the
EU average,And to return to student
funding levels of a decade ago an extra
￡5.9bn in annual grants would be
needed,roughly an extra 3p in the
pound in income tax,The Week
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education -- Universities
? University graduates dominate British
political leadership,especially those
from Oxbridge – Thatcher,Blair,from
Oxford; 2/3 of Blair’s cabinet members
educated at Oxford or Cambridge
? Individuals still feel positive about
education
A3 Institute of Higher Education
Teacher Training
? To qualify as a teacher in Britain
? One can take a 4-year Bachelor of
Education (BEd) degree
? Or follow any degree with a one- year
PGCE.
? In either case 2/3 of training will take
place in school classrooms
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Students’ Activities
? Choir,Clare College
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Students’ Activities
? Pubbing
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Students’ Activities
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Soccer
A 3 Institutions of Higher
Education Choir
A 4 Further Education &
Training FECs
? Further education (FE) is distinct from higher
education (HE)
? FE comprises all provision outside school for
people aged 16 and over,up to GCE A level or
equivalent exams,There are 500/600 FECs.
? Students study part-time or in the evening
? FE Colleges have strong links with industry and
commerce,employers often being involved in
the design of the courses,e.g,secretarial
studies & mechanical engineering.
? FEC also offer foundation courses for older
students returning to study after years of
working to gain qualification for entry of higher
education
A 4 Further Education &
Training YTS
? Objectives of Youth Training Scheme:
? To give a training opportunity to school leavers who
did not get a job or go on to university
? To ensure that these young people learn how to
transfer the skills they learn in one job to another
? Education elements in the training are supplied by
FECs
? Critiques,1,artificially reduce unemployment figures
2.reinforce young people’s status as
determined by their class background
3,jobs are not guaranteed after training
End of Presentation
