大学英语试题Ⅰ(共两份) ? Part I. ?Vocabulary and Structure(30%): ???? 1.??????? ______ who lays down his life for his country. A) There is no so greater love as that of a man B) There is no as greater love as that of a man C) There is no greater love than that of a man D) There is no greater love than a man 2.??????? She is one of the most ________ people in the organization for she is a woman of great influence. A) flexible???? ????? B) intelligent? ?????????? C) vital?? ??????????????? D) wise 3.??????? In my case, it is easier to earn money than ________ it. A) keep??? ?????????? B) to have???????????????? C) keeping??????? D) to keep kept 4.??????? They had put ______ the tools of my new business. A. in the place????????? B. in the place of??????? C. in place???????????????? D. on the place 5.??????? If excellent work ______ frequent pay increases or promotions, the workers will have greater incentive to produce. A. results in????????????? B. resulting from??????? C. results from?????????? D. resulting in 6.? In spite of a good medical student at college, the surgeon never expected that he would meet with so many troubles _______. A. in exercise???????????? B. in application???????? C. in practice???????????? D. in reality 7.? Don’t _______ that you can solve the problem easily. A. take that for granted?????????????????????????????? B. take it for grant C. take it for granted? D. take for grant 8.? It is reported that about five high officials in that city were _______ in the crime. A. included??????????????? B. connected???????????? C. related????????????????? D. involve 9.? At that time, the London Bridge was regarded as one of the greatest sights in the world, and it really _______ the fame. A. conserved???????????? B. reserved?????????????? C. deserved?????????????? D. preserved 10. Jane _______ why she hadn’t been selected as a member of the sports delegation. A. acquired?????????????? B. inquired??????????????? C. required??????????????? D. requested 11.??? In saying that I am your ___ servant, I do not mean that I am not as good as you. A) permanent??? ?? B)? manual? ?????????? C) emotional ??????????? D) humble? 12.??? How long can the crash victims ________ in the Arctic? A) survive????? ??? B)? breathe????????????? C) stand???? ????????? D) remain 13.??? Over the years he has accumulated ____________ on this subject. A) a great many information?????????????????????? B) a great deal of informations C) a great number of informations????????????? D) a great amount of information 14.??? If all _________ is true, the matter will be much more complicated. A)? you say?? ????? B) that? ?????????????????? C) of what??? ???????? D) what you say 15.??? It was _________ I told her ________ anything about it. A) not until ... that she did not knew??? B) until ... that she knew C) until ... when she knew ??????????????????????? D) not until ... that she knew 16.??? Though you will face many difficulties, your ________ success is certain. A) far????? ?????????? B)? inevitable? ?????? C) at last??????? ??? D) ultimate 17.??? Could you please ________ me to the nearest post office? A) indicate?? ???????? B)? direct??? ???????? C) explain???? ??????? D) point 18.??? For some of us, making friends is not so easy. Feeling shy, we may ________ to make the first move. A) hesitate? ??????????? B)? inspire??????????????? C) discourage???? ? D) attempt? 19.??? I won't go to the film, and _______. A) I won't watch TV too??????????? ?? B) neither will I watch TV C) either I will watch TV??? ?????????????????? D) neither won't I watch TV 20.??? "All the way to" _________ a very faraway place. A) points?????? ??? B) shouts???? ???????? C) identifies? ?????????? D) indicates 21.??? What have you been doing?? I __________ you tell me. A. ask???? ??????????? B. suppose?? ????????? C. insist?? ?????????????? D. prove 22.??? Let me know if any difficulties __________. A. arouse?? ?????????? B. arise??? ????????????? C. raise? ????????????????? D. rise 23.??? __________left to me to decide who should represent the class to attend the ceremony, I would choose Jane and Helen. A. If it is? ?????????????? B. Was it?? ???????????? C. Were it????????????????? D. If it had been 24.??? Some of his suggestions have been adopted but others have been turned _______. A. away??? ?????????? B. back??? ???????????? C. out????? ??????????? D. down 25. The doctors are seldom heard _______ about the poor working conditions in the mounting. A. complain?????????????? B. to complain?????????? C. complaining?????????? D. to be complained 26. Do you think it proper to leave it to Professor Wang _______ the list of the students who are about to take part in the speech contest? A. work out????????????? B. working out?????????? C. to work out?????????? D. to be working out 27. Whenever you ask him for help, he wouldn’t _______ a moment to make efforts. A. reject??????????????????? B. prevent???????????????? C. dismiss????????????????? D. hesitate 28. The culture and customs of Britain are quite similar to _______ of the United States. A. that?????????????????????? B. which??????????????????? C. ones????????????????????? D. those 29. As an _______ salesman, Brian was promoted to be the manager of the company. A. effective??????????????? B. efficient???????????????? C. efficiency??????? D. affective 30. With a teacher’s _______, the schoolchildren were studying carefully in the classroom. ?? A. presence??? ???? B. present???????????????? C. presenting??????? D. at present 　 Part II. Reading Comprehension?? (40%) Passage 1 A man once said how useless it was to Put advertisements in the newspapers." Last week ,” I said he, “my umbrella was stolen from a London church. As it was a present, I spent twice its worth in advertising, but didn't get it back." “How did you write your advertisement?" asked one of the listeners, a merchant. "Here it is,” said the man, taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The other man took it and read. “Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street." "Now," said the merchant, "I often advertise, and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is very important. Let us try for your umbrella again, and if it fails, I’ll buy you a new one." The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote. "If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn't wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known.” This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was greatly surprised when he opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours that had been thrown in8, and his own was among the number. Many of them had notes, with them saying that they had been taken by mistake, and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter. 31.??? According to the man' s advertisement, ten shillings would be given to anyone who _______. A. found the umbrella B. told him about it C. left the umbrella at No. 10 Broad Street D. return the umbrella to the City Church 32.??? The merchant advised the man to ___________. A. wait for some time??????????????????????????????? B. put another and better advertisement C. report it to the police???????????????????????????? D. ask someone else 33.??? "If it fails, I' 11 buy you a new one. " suggests that __________. A. the merchant is quite sure of success B. let' s have another try and perhaps we can get it back C. the second advertisement is usually successful D. it is easy for me to buy you a better umbrella than the old one 34.??? Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? A. It is useless to put advertisements in the newspapers. B. Merchants are good at advertising. C. Thieves are afraid of getting into trouble. D. The way to make an advertisement very important. 35.??? The best title for this article is ________. A. "An Advertisement"?????????????????????????????? B. "the Umbrella Loser and Merchant" C. "the Man Who Lost and Found His Umbrella” D. "Looking for the Lost Umbrella” ? Passage 2 When Mr. King retired, he bought a small house in a village near the sea. He liked it and hoped to live a quiet life in it. But to his great surprise, many tourists came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most interesting building in the village. From morning to night there were tourists outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and many of them even went into Mr. King’s garden. This was too much for Mr. King. He decided to drive the visitors away. So he put a notice on the windows. The notice said: “If you want to satisfy your curiosity, come in and look round. Price: twenty dollars.” Mr. King was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr. King had to spend every day showing them around his house. “I come here to retire, not to work as a guide,” he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away. 36.??? Why did many tourists come to see Mr. King’s house? A. Because it was small.??????????????????????????? B. Because it was in the village. C. Because it was interesting.???????????????????? D. Because it was near the sea. 37.??? Mr. King put a notice on the window _______. A. to drive the visitors away B. to satisfy the visitors’ curiosity C. to let visitors come in and look around D. to get some money out of the visitors 38.??? The notice made the visitors _______. A. more interested in his house?????????????????? B. lose interest in his house C. angry at the unfair price???????????????????????? D. feel happy about the price 39.??? After Mr. King put up the notice, _________. A. the visitors didn’t come any longer. B. the visitors became fewer and fewer C. more and more visitors came for a visit D. no tourist would pay the money for a visit 40.??? At last he had to sell his house and move away because __________. A. he did not like it at all B. he could not work as a guide C. he made money enough to buy a new expensive house D. he could not live a quiet life in it 　 Passage 3 ??? There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom. ???? But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of student. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools. ???? You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to. 41. Open education allows the students to ________ . ???? A) grow as the educated ???? B) be responsible for their future ???? C) develop their own interests ???? D) discover subjects outside class 42. Open education may be a good idea for the students who ________ . ???? A) enjoy learning ???? B) worry about grades ???? C) do well in a traditional classroom ???? D) are responsible for what they do in life 43. Some students will do little in an open classroom because ________ . ???? A) there are too few rules ???? B) they hate activities ???? C) open education is similar to the traditional education ???? D) they worry about the rules 44. Which? of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? ???? A) Some traditional teachers do not like it. ???? B) Many teachers do not believe in open education. ???? C) Teachers may have problems in open classrooms. ???? D) The teacher's feelings and attitudes are important to the students. 45. Which of the following best summarizes the passage? ???? A) Open education is a really complex idea. ???? B) Open education is better than traditional education. ???? C) Teachers dislike open education. ???? D) The writer thinks that open education is a good idea in practice. 　 Passage 4 ???? Almost every family buys at least one copy of a newspaper every day.? Some people subscribe to（订阅） as many as two or three different newspapers.? But why do people read newspapers? ??? Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings ---- battles lost or won, kings or rulers overthrown or killed--- took months and even years to travel from one country to another.? The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate.? Today? we can read in our newspapers of important events that occur in faraway countries on the same day they happen. ??? Apart from supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful information.? There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories, and of course, advertisements.? There are all sorts of advertisements.? The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention? to their products.? They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space, but it is worth the money for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country.? For those who produce newspapers, advertisements are also very important.? Money earned from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit. ??? Newspapers often have information on gardening, cookery and fashion, as well as a small but very popular section on jokes and cartoons. 46.?? The habit of reading newspapers is __________. ??????? A.? widespread??????? ? ? ?????????????????????? B.?? not popular ??????? C.? found among a few families??????????????? D.? uncommon 47.?? In the past, news was __________ ??????? A.? sent by telegraph?????????????????????????????? B.?? passed from one person to another ??????? C.? sent by letter???????????????????????????????????? D.? sent by telephone 48.?? the news that we read in our newspapers is __________. ??????? A.? behind time?????????????????????????????????????? B.?? up-to-date ??????? C.? uninteresting???? ??????????????????????????? D.? of no use to anyone 49.?? The money spent on advertisements is __________. ??????? A.? wasted?????????????? B.?? worthwhile???????? C.? not much?????????? D.? useless 50.?? The section on jokes and cartoons is __________. ??????? A.? read only by children??????????? B. not helpful????????? C. of no value???????????????????????????????????????? D.? read by many ? Part III Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with the single line through the center. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of 51 . The 52 of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually. Animals have a few cries that serve 53 signals. 54 even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, 55 with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently 56 for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he 57 the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day 58 he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that 59 picture language preceded oral language. A man 60 a picture on the wall of his cave to show 61 direction he had gone, or 62 prey he hoped to catch. Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side I am inclined to think that language 63 the most important single factor in the development of man. Two important stages came not 64 before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture was 65 in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided. 51. a. the latter b. the later c. the second d. the latest 52. a. source b. beginning c. start d. origin 53. a. like b. with c. as d. by 54. a. and b. but c. moreover d. for 55.a. even if b. even c. even though d. even as 56. a. a necessity b. necessities c. necessarily d. necessity 57.a. should gradually increase b. gradually increase c. gradually increased d. has gradually increased 58.a. that b. at which c. which d. when 59. a. with the respect b. on this respect c. in this respect d. at this respect 60.a. could draw b. should draw c. was able draw d. was drawing 61.a. at which b. in which c. on which d. with which 62.a. of which b. that c. which d. what 63. a. is b. was c. has been d. is being 64.a. too long b. such long c. as long d. so long 65.a. a stage b. a step c. a development d. a way 66.a. until b. with c. for d. to 67.a. the b. an c. that d. one 68.a. Those b. These c. There d. They 69. a. after b. with c. before d. at 70.a. since b. for c. because d. because of IV. Composition ADVERTISEMENTS Direction: You are required to write a composition in no less than 100 words about "ADVERTISEMENTS". You are advised to arrange your idea in three paragraphs. You can use the following words for reference or you can use other words. advertise, depend on, consumer, manufacturer, salesman, product, to some extent, success, failure; different, newspaper, TV, radio, billboard, agency, service; however, truthful, misrepresent, exaggerate, benefit, fall victim, satisfied 参考答案与评分标准 1-30每题1分 1-5 CCDCA 6-10 CCDCB 11-15 DADAD, 16-20 DBABD 21-25 CBCDB 26-30CDDBA 31-50每题2分 31-35 CBADA 36-40CAACD 41-45CBADA 46-50 ABCBD.? 51-70 每题1分 51. a 52. d 53. c 54. b 55. b 56. a 57. c 58. d 59. c 60. a 61. b 62. d 63. c 64. d 65. b 66. a 67. b 68. b 69. a 70. d 作文15分，评分标准如下：??????? 0分：白卷，所写内容与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。 1-4分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5-7分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连惯性差。有较多的严重的语言错误。 8-10分：基本切题。思想表达比较清楚，连惯性较好；但有一些为不太严重的语言错误。 11-13分：切题。思想表达清楚，连惯性好；但有少量语言错误。 14-15分：切题。思想表达清楚，连惯性好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。 ? 大学英语试题Ⅱ Part I Vocabulary and Structure Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the space given. 1. Until then, his family _______ from him for six months. A) didn't hear B) hasn't been hearing C) hasn't heard D) hadn't heard 2. The conference _______ a full week by the time it ends. A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted 3. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _______. A) gaps B) rate C) length D) intervals 4. Physics is _______ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history. A) alike B) equivalent C) likely D) uniform 5. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble. A) making B) to make C) to have made D) having made 6. After the A rob states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys to go to school. A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged 7. The new appointment of our president _______ from the very beginning of next semester. A) takes effect B) takes part C) takes place D) takes turns 8. The president made a _______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly. A) vigorous B) tedious C) flat D) harsh 9. It is useful to be able to predict the extent _______ which a price change will affect supply and demand. A) from B) with C) to D) for 10. Finding a job in such a big company has always been _______ his wildest dreams. A) under B) over C) above D) beyond 11. It is not easy to learn English well but if you _______, you will succeed in the end. A) hang up B) hang about C) hang in D) hang onto 12. It is reported that ______ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are. A) the most B) most of C) most D) the most of 13. Last year the advertising rate _______ by 20 percent. A) raised B) aroused C) arose D) rose 14. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive 15. The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _______ and many houses collapsed. A) wrecked B) spoiled C) torn D) injured 16. The little was _______ one meter fifty high. A) almost more than B) hardly more than C) nearly more than D) as much as 17. As _____ announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sunday. A) being B) is C) to be D) been 18. You see the lightning _____ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A) the instant B) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant 19. The manager lost his _______ just because his secretary was ten minutes late. A) mood B) temper C) mind D) passion 20. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge B) may be challenged C) have been challenged D) are challenging 21. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _______ the new carpet. A) crash B) pollute C) spot D) stain 22. I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem _______ all the time. A) to get worse B) to be getting worse C) to have got worse D) getting worse 23. Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are _______ in grocery? stores. A) ready B) approachable C) probable D) available 24. When I caught him _______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with? another shop. A) cheating B) cheat C) to cheat D) to be cheating 25. It is vital that enough money _______ to fund the project. A) be collected B) must be collected C) is collected D) can be collected 26. Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _______ so much noise. A) resist B) sustain C) tolerate D) undergo 27. If only the committee _______ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A) approve B) will approve C) can approve D) would approve 28. _______ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world. A) On B) By C) At D) Of 29. _______ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles. A) Believe B) To believe C) Believing D) Believed 30. Mr. Morgan can be very sad _______, though in public he is extremely cheerful. A) by himself B) in person C) in private D) as individual ?Part II Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the space given. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on. The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and electing among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly. A status has been compared to readymade clothes. Within certain limits the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasani or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Further more, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited. 31. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _______. A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain job B) behave appropriately in relation to other people C) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations D) make friends with other people 32. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _______. A) in order to identify themselves with others B) in order to better identify others C) as their mental processes change D) as the situation changes 33. The word "appraisal" (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means "_______". A) involvement B) appreciation C) assessment D) presentation 34. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "_______". A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately B) identification of other people's statuses C) selecting one's own statuses D) constant mental process 35. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince" (Lines 2-3, Para. 3), the writer means _______. A) different people have different styles of clothes B) ready made clothes may need alterations C) statuses come ready made just like clothes D) our choice of statuses is limited Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but also explain that there's a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You've got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer". The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poorpaying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U. S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿人)， I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer. After a year or so, however, I still hadn't gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering. What if? I would keep putting my dream to the testeven though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. 36. The passage is meant to _______. A) warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience B) advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer C) show young people it's unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame D) encourage young people to pursue a writing career 37. What can be concluded from the passage? A) Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding B) A writer's success depends on luck rather than on effort. C) Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation. D) The chances for a writer to become successful are small. 38. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career? A) He wasn't able to produce a single book. B) He hadn't seen a change for little barter. C) He wasn't able to have a rest for a whole year. D) He found his dream would never come true. 39. "... people who die wondering. What if "(Line 3, para. 3) refers to "those ______". A) who think too much of the dark side of life B) who regret giving up their career halfway C) who think a lot without making a decision D) who are full of imagination even upon death 40. "Shadow land" in the last sentence refers to _______. A) the wonder land one often dreams about B) the bright future that one is looking forward to C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached D) a world that exists only in one's imagination Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation. Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能发出的全部声音). This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意识的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that there imitations can be considered as speech. 41. By "... challenges explanation" (Line 2, para. l) the author means that _______. A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon B) no explanation has been made up to now C) it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation D) it's high time that an explanation was provided 42. The third paragraph is mainly about _______. A) the development of babies' early forms of language B) the difficulties of babies in learning to speak C) babies' strong desire to communicate D) babies' intention to communicate 43. The author's purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ____. A) usually obey without asking questions B) are passive in the process of learning to speak C) are born cooperative D) learn to speak by listening 44. From the passage we learn that _______. A) early starters can learn to speak within only six months B) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises C) imitation plays an important role in learning to speak D) children have various difficulties in learning to speak 45. The best title for this passage would be _______. A) How Babies Learn to Speak B) Early Forms of Language C) A Huge Task for Children D) Noise Making and Language Learning Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards speaks creativity in gradeschool children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of personality and Social psychology. "If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards." A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In earlier grades, the use of socalled token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performancebased points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 46. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _______. A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards. B) the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativity C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences. D) the effects of external rewards on students' performance 47. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students? A) They have no doubts about them. B) They have doubts about them. C) They approve of them. D) They avoid talking about them. 48. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger? A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before. B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness. C) Giving them rewards they really deserve. D) Giving them rewards they anticipate. 49. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _______. A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students. B) punishment is more effective than rewarding. C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards D) discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency 50. The phrase "token economies" (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to _______. A) ways to develop economy B) systems of rewarding students C) approaches to solving problems D) methods of improving performance Part III Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write the corresponding letter on the space given. Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food 51)_____ it is badly cooked. The 52)_____ a meal is cooked and served is most important and an 53)_____ served meal will often improve a child's appetite. Never ask a child 54)_____ he likes or dislikes a food and never 55)_____ likes and dislikes in front of him or allow 56)_____ else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother 57)_____ vegetables in the child's hearing he is 58)_____ to copy this procedure. Take it 59)_____ granted that he likes everything and he probably 60)_____. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a 61)_____ dislike. At meal times it is a good 62)_____ give a child a small portion and let him 63)_____ back for a second helping rather than give him as 64)_____ as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child 65)_____ meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not allow him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food so he can hurry back to his toys. Under no circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗)or forced to eat. 51. A) if B) until C) that D) unless 52. A) procedure B) process C) way D) method 53. A) adequately B) attractively C) urgently D) eagerly 54. A) whether B) what C) that D) which 55. A) remark B) tell C) discuss D) argue 56. A) everybody B) anybody C) somebody D) nobody 57. A) opposes B) denies C) refuses D) offends 58. A) willing B) possible C) obliged D) likely 59. A) with B) as C) over D) for 60. A) should B) may C) will D) must 61. A) supposed B) proved C) considered D) related 62. A) point B) custom C) idea D) plan 63. A) ask B) come C) return D) take 64. A) much B) little C) few D) many 65. A) on B) over C) by D) during Part IV Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Animals in three paragraphs. The opening sentence for each paragraph is give to you. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Animals People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things. Furthermore, animals can learn to do many things that, while not necessarily useful, are very amusing to watch. Most important of all, animals are human beings' good friends and can do many things for people. 参考答案与评分标准 1-30每题1分 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B?6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A ?0.B 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D?16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C ?20. B? 21.D 22. C 23. B?24. D 25. A?26. A ?27. B 28. D 299. B 30. C 31-50 每题2分 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D?36. A 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. D 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. C 51-65 每题1分 51. D ?52. C 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. B?57. C 58. D 59. D 60. C?61. A 62. C 63. B 64. A 65. D 作文15分，评分标准如下：??????? 0分：白卷，所写内容与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。 1-4分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5-7分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连惯性差。有较多的严重的语言错误。 8-10分：基本切题。思想表达比较清楚，连惯性较好；但有一些为不太严重的语言错误。 11-13分：切题。思想表达清楚，连惯性好；但有少量语言错误。 14-15分：切题。思想表达清楚，连惯性好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误