《综合英语》试题库 Test Paper Seven Ⅰ.用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分) 1. For our English homework we have to write a ______ paper. A. three-thousand-word B. three-thousands-word C. three-thousand-words D. three-thousands-words 2. Jack ______ English in the university for 30 years by the end of next month. A. will teach B. had taught C. will have taught D. has taught 3. You’d better not disturb Jack, ______? A. had you B. hadn’t you C. should you D. didn’t you 4. I didn’t hear ______ because there was too much noise where I was sitting. A. what the teacher said B. what did the teacher say C. that the teacher said D. that did the teacher say 5. I had scarcely left the house ______ it began to rain. A. than B. when C. that D. then 6. The boy must have gone this way, ______ there are his footprints here. A. for B. or C. yet D. then 7. The doctor suggested that my brother ______ sit up so late. A. not do B. not C. don’t D. won’t 8. Jane has a very good collection of books, ______ are written in foreign languages. A. many of those B. those C. many of which D. many 9. We should keep ourselves ______ of the fresh developments. A. informing B. informed C. to inform D. inform 10. You would expect there ______ strong disagreement about this. A. having been B. being C. has been D. to be 11. Only by working very hard ______ a good mark in the exam. A. you have gotten B. you may get C. can you get D. can get you 12. After the accident, he seemed ______ everything. A. to have forgotten B. forgetting C. to forget D. having forgotten 13. I ______ to go on a holiday but wasn’t able to get away. A. hoped B. have hoped C. hope D. had hoped 14. Eighty-two people were reported ______ in the plane crash. A. to have injured B. to have been injured C. injured D. injuring 15. ______ proper preparation John thought it better to postpone the lecture tour till next week. A. Having made B. To make C. Not having made D. Not to have made 16. The driver was asked to given a(an) ______ of the accident. A. statement B. account C. situation D. amount 17. He was left in ______ of the store when the manager was away. A. charge B. care C. responsibility D. management 18. Accidents are quite ______ on this part of the highway. A. ordinary B. popular C. common D. regular 19. When the boy was only four, his father decided to ______ a musician of him. A. develop B. build C. make D. do 20. ______ medical science, we can expect to live to a good old age. A. As for B. According to C. Instead of D. But for 21. Suddenly the chair caught fire. The boys quickly ______ the fire with water and an old coat. A. suppressed B. wiped out C. destroyed D. put out 22. Our plan ______ unexpected opposition from the retired workers. A. came to B. came by C. ran over D. ran into 23. The small family business ______ a company of international importance. A. grew into B. broke into C. ran into D. made into 24. Professor Wang is a person you can ______ for advice. A. turn up B. turn into C. turn to D. turn down 25. Standing up to empty your basket gives you a chance not only to ______ your back, but to look at the scenery. A. stretch B. raise C. lift D. move 26. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person ______ by the simple means of speech. A. base B. foundation C. ground D. basis 27. Take the money with you ______ something unexpected happens. A. now that B. in case C. unless D. if 28. One of the reasons we get along so well is that we both say what’s ______ our minds. A. of B. at C. on D. within 29. ______ automobile pollution, the air quality in most major cities has been lowered. A. As a result of B. In spite of C. But for D. As for 30. Let’s see what types of classes the school ______ for undergraduate students. A. brings B. offers C. presents D. supplies Ⅱ.认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。根据短文的内容从四个选项中选择一个最佳答案，并将最佳答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) Passage 1 When my father was getting ready for work, our house was ruled by knocks and words. He used to come downstairs to breakfast... The morning paper lay beside his plate. He always read the ‘Deaths’ first; and then he knocked once on the table. One of my sisters brought his toast(烤面包片)， already buttered for him. Usually he said nothing, but once I heard him say, ‘I love you very much, Edith. I would love you more if you buttered my toast on both sides.’ He read the paper all through breakfast. Two knocks on the table meant ‘I am ready for my tea’. If a single knock followed, that meant ‘More toaste, please.’ After breakfast he said, ‘Boots.’ The paper was spread for him over the back of an armchair. Yesterday’s paper was put on the chair for his feet, and his boots were brought to him, freshly cleaned. He read standing, at the same time putting on his boots and tying the laces. With one boot finished, he said, ‘Bus.’ At that point one of the girls went outside to the garden gate and waited there. Her job was to stop the bus when it came. It came early sometimes, and it had to wait for my father.’ Overcoat, hat.’ One of my sisters had already brushed his overcoat. Now she held it open for him and guided his arms into it. Then she pulled his jacked down under the coat. Another girl came with his hat, nicely brushed. ‘Handkerchief, pipe.’ They were brought and put, with his tobacco, into his pockets. He looked out of the window and said either ‘Walking stick’ or ‘Umbrella’. It was handed to him. Ready now, he was still reading the paper. He did not put it down until he heard the shout ‘Bus coming!’ Then he kissed my mother and went out. The girls breathed freely. How lucky a man is to have a wife and five daughters at home! 31. When the author’s father wanted more toast, he would ______. A. knock once on the table B. knock twice on the table C. say ‘More toast, please’ D. say ‘I’m ready for more toast’ 32. What did the author’s father do after breakfast? A. He spread the paper over the back of an armchair. B. He put yesterday’s paper on the chair for his feet. C. He put his boots on the chair to clean them. D. He stood reading the paper while putting on his boots. 33. The author’s father looked out of the window to ______. A. see if one of the girls was there to stop the bus B. show that he was ready for the pipe to be put into his pocket C. find out about the weather that day D. make sure that the bus had come 34. Throughout the process of getting ready for work, the author’s father seemed to consider ______ the most important. A. having breakfast B. reading the paper C. getting properly dressed D. catching the bus 35. This passage tells a story about ______. A. a family of five daughters B. a house ruled by knocks C. a lucky man D. an early morning Passage 2 Tipping is still very much a part of the English scene, though maybe not as widespread as in some other countries. Here you are always expected to give tips to waiters in restaurants, porters and pages in hotels, taxi-drivers and barbers, but not to barmen in pubs(酒吧) or ushers in theatres and cinemas as in France and Spain. As for the question of how much, amounts vary according to the sort of service that is being offered to you and, more often than not, it is up to you. But restaurant waiters expect 10% of the total charge for a meal. Usually the waiters like to put their tips together at the end of each working shift to share the tips equally among themselves. So, many hotels and restaurants now use the system of adding 10% onto all bills to cover service. When they do that, of course, you are not expected to tip waiters individually, though they certainly will not object if you should do so in appreciation of their exceptionally good or polite service. When a 10% service charge is automatically(自动地) added to every bill, the point is that every customer leaves a tip and every waiter gets one. In the end, everybody is happy except the customer, who is paying to eat the food he wants and not paying to have it brought to his table from the kitchen. In the 60s, however, a tip was not a must. Those waiters who gave good service received good tips; those who did not received few or no tips. The overall result was that the standard of service and politeness was always high. Today, now that tips have become an official obligation(义务) for everybody, waiters are no longer all that concerned about giving good service. You can be shocked sometimes at the slowness and rudeness of a waiter and feel bitter about having to pay 10% extra for such treatment. Perhaps the best thing would be to get rid of the tipping altogether and replace it with higher wages for those who are forced to depend on it. 36. Which statement is TRUE according to Paragraph 1? A. You must always remember to tip waiters and barmen in Britain. B. You always give a certain amount of tip for a certain service in Britain. C. You tip porters and pages but not ushers in Britain. D. Tipping barmen and ushers is not practised in France and Spain. 37. Which statement about tipping in Britain is FALSE according to the passage? A. Tipping is more widespread in Britain than in some other countries. B. Waiters usually get a tip no less than 10% of the charge of a meal. C. Tips are generally not handed by the customer to the waiter nowadays. D. Giving a tip in appreciation of a waiter’s good service is not unwelcome. 38. What was the situation of tipping in the 60s? A. The customer must give the waiter a tip. B. Waiters giving good service received few tips. C. Some waiters received few tips for giving no service. D. Waiters giving service of good standard got good tips. 39. What can we infer about the situation today? A. Tipping concerns those waiters who give good service. B. The standard of service in restaurants can be a problem. C. The customer is happy to pay 10% extra for a meal. D. Tipping is already got rid of altogether. 40. According to the author, what is actually wrong with adding a 10% service charge to every bill? A. Every customer leaves a tip automatically. B. Waiters cannot be tipped individually. C. The customer has to pay to have the food brought to his table. D. Waiters can get a tip whether they give good or bad service. Ⅲ.用国际音标标出下列单词中划线字母或字线组合的读音(本大题共20小题，每两小题1分，共10分) 41. ingredient 42. frown 43. loose 44. misfortune 45. typical 46. defiance 47. pharmacy 48. loss 49. ultimate 50. reward 51. confession 52. deposit 53. college 54. thoroughly 55. knee 56. wretched 57. embarrass 58. philosopher 59. vision 60. warning Ⅳ.完形填空(本大题共20小题，每两小题1分，共10分) A.从下列单词中选择适当的词填空，每个词只能用一次。 up sound out when problem meet if for with tents protesting voice We have rather a small house, with only one spare bedroom. You can imagine our alarm, then, 61 Aunt Clara wrote to say that she was coming to stay with her family 62 the weekend. Her family, I should explain, consists of four boys, all under the age of twelve. I sent off a telegram at once, 63 that our house was too small. Aunt Clara called us up the next morning. ‘I forgot to explain,’ she said in her sweetest 64 , ‘the boys will be bringing a couple of tents.’ It was true we had a large garden, but there was still the 65 of feeding four growing boys. ‘And what 66 it rains?’ she demanded. But Saturday morning turned 67 to be bright and clear when I went to the station to 68 Aunt Clara. I managed to squeeze three of the boys, together 69 luggage, into the back of the car. The youngest sat in front, with Aunt Clara and me. ‘I didn’t see the 70 among your luggage, ’I remarked over my shoulder, to David, the eldest boy.’ ‘The tents!’ exclaimed Aunt Clara. ‘Heavens! We left them in the luggage van.’ B. 根据课文的内容在每个空白处填入一个恰当的词。 From then on, I was committed to shedding the weight and getting into shape. I started a rigorous program of running and dieting 71 very next day. Within months, I joined a gym and managed to 72 some friends who are still my workout buddies. However, in the past seven years, I’ve done 73 than lose weight: I’ve reshaped my attitude, my lifestyle, and my self-image. Now, I read 74 I can about nutrition and health. I’m even 75 becoming an aerobics instructor. I cook low-fat foods—chicken, fish, lean meats, vegetables—and I 76 my family healthy, protein-rich meals prepared 77 dietetic ingredients. The children and I often walk to school, ride bikes, roller-blade, and run. Health and fitness have become 78 to our household and our lives. But what’s really wonderful is that, sometime 79 that important day in 1988 and today, my self-image 80 being about how I look and began being about how I fell. I feel energetic, healthy, confident, strong, and pretty. Ⅴ.根据所学课文内容完成下列句子。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 81. When Andersen asked the prince to help him, the prince told him ______. 82. Scudder regarded his fish observation experience as most valuable because ______. 83. According to the author, instead of setting up ruling statements about the meanings of words, dictionary writers ______. 84. “There is no way to happiness. Happiness is the way.” These statements mean that ______. 85. The author compares the habit of wasting time to a drug because ______. 86. His mother’s acceptance of his dying and her ______ have given Jim the opportunity to express openly whatever he feels. 87. The druggist insisted that Sangstrom tell him whom he wanted to kill and why because ______. 88. The Emotional Bank Account represents ______. 89. John Coleman was quite proud to be a trashman because ______. 90. In I Got My B.A. by Sheer Luck, the author was able to take better notes after he learned ______. Ⅵ. 将下列句子译成英语。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 91. 农作物必须在恰当的季节播种。 92.经常锻炼，就会身体健壮。 93.我们每天看报纸，以便了解当今世界发生的事情。 94.经历了这场灾难之后，他对生活有了更好的理解。 95.一旦我下了决心，你说什么也改变不了我的主题。 96.他打电话告诉我，他已平安抵达美国。 97.小李已被一家石油公司录用。 98.贫困剥夺了一些孩子受教育的权利，这是不公平的。 99.这座城市的空气污染是个亟待解决的问题。 100.如果你不去参加聚会，倒不如呆在家里 Ⅰ. Directions: Match the words in Column A with their definitions in Column B. Write the letter of the answer to each word in Column A on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point for each) A B 1. accrue A. using force, threats of punishment 2. intensive B. lasting for only a period of time 3. erase C. continuous, without break 4. constant D. to rub or scrape out 5. coercion E. to pass, flow or spread into every part of 6. vulnerable F. that is liable to be damaged 7. permeate G. to speak or argue in support of 8. contemporary H. to become larger or more by addition 9. plead I. the quality of keeping secret 10. confidentiality J. growing too much in a limited piece of land Ⅱ. Directions: Read each of the following sentences carefully, and choose A, B, C or D that has the closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase. Write the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point for each) 11. What breathtaking impertinence to advertise 1p OFF your soap or washing powder or dog food or whatever. A. transmission B. rudeness C. distraction D. politeness 12. A few years ago, our group at Saclay, in collaboration with a number of other European Laboratories, orbited a telescope. A. along with B. in the light of C. in agreement with D. regardless of 13. If they fall behind too far on these obligations, they run the risk of having their houses, cars or other items taken over or repossessed by the lenders. A. homogeneity B. appropriateness C. responsibilities D. probabilities 14. As a source of power, water is virtually inexhaustible. A. inaccessible B. insufficient C. abundant D. extinguishable 15. Astrid and I kept talking and the man continued to swing and lurch over us, thanking us profusely. A. increasingly B. confidentially C. attributably D. repeatedly 16. If the greenhouse effect produces lasting climatic change, national color preferences could radically reorientate. A. change B. come to an end C. renew D. start again 17. If you are animated, you are more likely to see animated listeners. A. dull and stupid B. active and lively C. annoyed D. respected 18. These countries fear that their industries will not be able to survive such drastic cuts and that their national economies will suffer as a result. A. sudden and severe B. slow and continuous C. clear and simple D. far and wide 19. More people report they “feel” on the verge of a nervous breakdown. A. on top of B. instead of C. on the point of D. on behalf of 20. She was taken aback at the news that her brother had a car accident. A. overjoyed B. happy C. sad D. greatly surprised  Ⅲ. Directions: Scan Passage 1 and find the words which have roughly the meanings given below. Write the word you choose in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point for each) Note: The numbers in the brackets refer to the numbers of paragraphs in the passage. 21. exact; accurate (1) 22. statement explaining the meaning of a word or expression (1) 23. general (1) 24. to provide more details about something in order to make it clearer (1) 25. to have or use something together with someone else (2) 26. being everywhere at the same time (2) 27. information, usually in the from of facts or statistics that one can analyze (2) 28. to join or bring something or people together so that they become one (3) 29. to plan, prepare, decide on all the details of something (3) 30. to change something into a different form (3) Passage 1 1. Communication networks are arrangements of hardware and software that allow users to exchange information. This very broad definition will help you begin learning about one of the fastest-growing areas in electrical engineering and computer science. Once we examine some common communication networks, we will develop a more precise definition. We will elaborate on the importance of this field. 2. The telephone network is the most familiar and ubiquitous communication network. It is designed for voice transmission. An office computer network is a communication network used by organizations to connect personal computers and workstations so they may share programs and data and to link those computers to printers and, possibly, to some other peripherals(e.g., file servers that provide mass storage or plotters). Computer networks also are used in manufacturing plants to connect machine tools, robots, and sensors. The Internet is a network of computer networks that covers most of the world and allows millions of users to exchange messages and computer files and some limited video and audio signals. 3.Although all these systems are communication networks, they are quite different in the information that they transmit and in the way they are used. Nevertheless, they operate on similar principles. The unifying characteristics of all networks help us develop a definition of communication networks that describes the arrangements of hardware and software that we study in this text. Each system described is designed to exchange information, which may be voice, sounds, graphics, pictures, video, text, or data, among users. Most often the users are humans, but they also can be computer programs or devices. Before the information is transmitted, it is converted into bits(zeros or ones). Then the bits are sent to a receiver as electrical or optical signals (electromagnetic waves, to be more precise). Finally, the information is reconstructed from the received bits. This transmission method, called digital transmission, reduced the transmission errors. SECTION 2 READING COMPREHENSION(40 points) IV. Directions: Skim Passage 2 and read the statements given right after the passage and judge whether they are True or False. Write the corresponding answer you choose on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point for each) Passage 2 1.Everybody feels pain sometimes: the pain in the head that comes after eating ice cream or drinking cold water; the sudden muscular pain; the “stitch” that attacks long-distance runners or others whose activities have put great demands on the oxygen supply of the body. These transient pains are not cause for alarm; they usually disappear quickly, return rarely and signify very little. 2.In contrast are the unusual, chronic, or exceptionally severe pains that require attention from a doctor, who can determine whether or not they require special care. Angina pectoris(pain of the chest) is a heart pain that lasts from two or three minutes to ten or fifteen. Identification is extremely important, because special drugs are needed for relief and the doctor’s understanding and advice may prevent recurrence of the condition. 3.Only a doctor can recognize what are called referred pains. These originate at one point, but are felt at another to which they have been carried by the nerves. A person with continuous pain becomes irritated, tired easily, has difficulty in sleeping, loses appetite, and may even become the victim of what has been called an anxiety state or nervous breakdown. Few diseases develop without pain at some state, and many involve so characteristic a pain as to make diagnosis certain. Whenever a pain is so severe, so prolonged, and so unusual as to arouse alarm, a doctor should be consulted. 31.Transient pains should usually be investigated. 32.All chronic pains require special care. 33.Angina pectoris would probably be classified as unusual. 34.Chronic and referred pains are alike in that both last for a long time. 35.Pains can be useful as a signal of the presence of disease. 36.Transient pains are different from referred pains. 37.Pains can serve as an aid in the diagnosis of disease. 38.A person with continuous pains is usually good-tempered. 39.Chronic pains are felt some distance from their source. 40.All chronic pains can be identified and treated. V. Directions: Read Passages 3 and 4 and choose the correct answer. Write the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 1 point for each) Passage 3 1.Every year a great number of babies and young children die or are injured in fires. One out of every five fires is caused by careless smoking or by children playing with matches and lighters. Don’t tempt children by leaving matches or lighters around a room. 2.Never leave a child alone in a house. In just a few seconds they could start a fire. Or a fire could start and trap them. A child will panic in a fire and will not know what to do. Unless a parent is around to help, a child may try to hide under a bed or in a closet. Home fire drills are a sound idea. The best way to stop panic in case of fire is to know what to do before a fire breaks out. 3.Your first thought in a fire should always be escape. Far too many people become victims because they do not know the killing power and speed of fire. If a fire is very small and has just started, you can put it out yourself. Do this if you have the proper tools on hand. In any case always send the children outside first. Smoke, not fire, is the real killer in a blaze. According to studies, as many as eight out of ten deaths in fires are due to inhaling fumes long before the flames ever came near the person. 4.Burns are another hazard to tots. Fireplaces, space heaters, floor furnaces, and radiators have all caused horrible burns to babies. Since you cannot watch your child all the time, you must screen fireplaces. Put guards around heaters and radiators. 5.Some people use a vaporizer or portable heater in a child’s room. If you do, be sure you place it out of reach. Be sure, too, that it is not placed too close to blankets or bedclothes. 6.Use care in the kitchen. It is not safe to let an infant crawl or a small child walk around the kitchen while you are preparing meals. There is danger of your tripping and spilling something hot on the child. There is even danger of a child pulling in a hot pot off the stove on to herself. Also, do not use tablecloths that hang over the table edge. Children can easily pull the cloth and whatever is on the table down. Be aware of these dangers and protect your child. 41. The best title of the passage can be ________. A. Better Safe Than Sorry B. How to Protect Children C. Escape From Fire D. Be Careful in the Kitchen 42. Careless smoking or children playing with matches and lighters causes ______. A. most deaths of children B. one out of five fires C. eight out of ten deaths in fires D. five out of ten fires 43. A child will probably do the following in a fire EXCEPT ______. A. panicking B. not knowing what to do C. trying to hide under a bed or in a closet D. calling for help 44. In paragraph 2, the word “sound” is closest in meaning to ________. A. healthy B. safe C. sensible D. thorough 45. The best way to stop panic in the case of fire is to ________. A. call a neighbor B. be prepared C. call a policeman D. run away 46. When caught in a fire, a person’s first thought should always be ________. A. panic B. prevention C. escape D. putting out the fire 47. The real killer in a fire is _________. A. smoke B. flames C. fuel D. blaze 48. Burns can be caused by _______. A. harmful toys B. bedclothes C. blankets D. space heaters 49. Which statement is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Never leave a young child alone at home. B. Burns can be very dangerous to children. C. Place heaters out of the reach of children. D. Do not work in a kitchen when a child is in it. 50. From the passage, we can infer that _______. A. adults know how to handle fires B. many children start fires in a house C. some fire fighters are not well trained D. adults are always very careful about fire. Passage 4 1. When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth in 1864, there were many conflicting theories about the nature of the earth’s interior. Some geologists though that it contained a highly compressed ball of incandescent gas, while others suspected that it consisted of separate graphite shells, each made of a different material. Today well over a century later, there is still little direct evidence of what lies beneath our feet. Most of our knowledge of the earth’s interior comes not from mines or bore holes, but from the study of seismic waves—powerful pulses of energy released by earthquakes. 2. The way that seismic waves travel shows that the earth’s interior is far from uniform. The continents and the seabed are formed by the crust—a thin sphere of relatively light, solid rock. Beneath the crust lies the mantle, a very different layer that extends approximately halfway to the earth’s center. There the rock is the subject of a battle between increasing heat and growing pressure. 3. In its high levels, the mantle is relatively cool; at greater depths, high temperatures make the rock behave more like a liquid than a solid. Deeper still, the pressure is even more intense, preventing the rock from melting in spite of a higher temperature. 4. Beyond a depth of around 2,900 kilometers, a great change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core. Some seismic waves cannot pass through the core and others are bent by it. From this and other evidence, geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller amount of other elements such as nickel. 5. The conditions in the earth’s core make it a far more alien world than space. Its solid iron heart is subjected to unimaginable pressure and has a temperature of about 9,000° F. Although scientists can speculate about its nature, neither humans nor machines will ever be able to visit it. 51. The word “conflicting” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________. A. controlling B. outdated C. important D. opposing 52. The geologists _________ about the nature of the earth’s interior. A. agree with each other B. disagree with each other C. are sure D. have found enough evidence 53. Seismic waves are _________ . A. pulses of energy B. sound waves C. electromagnetic waves D. radio waves 54. The way that seismic waves travel shows that ________. A. the interior of the earth is rock B. the interior of the earth is divided into different layers C. the interior of the earth is metal D. the crust and the mantle are composed of exactly the same substance 55. The word “there” at the end of Paragraph 2 refers to the ________. A. seabed B. crust C. mantle D. earth’s center 56. What is true about the mantle? A. It is similar to the crust. B. It is a very thin layer of the earth. C. It is cooler as it goes deeper. D. It is a completely different layer from the crust. 57. The phrase “gives way to” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________. A. runs along B. rubs against C. turns into D. floats on 58. The word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to the _________. A. mantle B. core C. change D. depth 59. The inner core of the earth is NOT __________. A. liquid B. made of iron C. solid D. mixed with nickel 60. Why does the author state that the earth’s core is “more alien” than space? A. Because government funds are not interested in the characteristics of the earth’s core. B. Because scientists are not interested in the characteristics of the earth’s core. C. Because the pressure and high temperature there prevent scientists from doing research. D. Because the earth’s core is made of elements that are dangerous to humans. Ⅵ. Directions: Passage 5 is taken from the TEXTBOOK. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. Write the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 points for each) Passage 5 1. In spite of the difficulties of predicting future trends in world trade, we can specify factors that will be important. Some of these are: population growth; possible scarcity of commodities, the food and energy situation, relations with the Third World (developing nations), pressures to preserve the environment, and international cooperation on political, social, economic, and monetary problems. 2. If population growth continues at its present pace, the future balance between food demand and supply may become dependent on new dietary patterns. Reduced consumption of meat, increased use of new high protein food made from soybeans, and development of ocean resources for food are some alternatives that must be considered. 3. As the population grows, prices of commodities will fluctuate. As countries endeavor to increase yields on existing croplands through intensified use of water, energy, and fertilizers, the cost of commodities will rise. 4. Growth of trade will depend greatly on availability of energy sources. There may still be a trillion barrels of recoverable oil in the Middle East. But the oil crisis of 1974 has led to renewed interest in coal and to a search for alternative sources of energy. Solar, geothermal, and nuclear energy will play a large role in the years to come. 5. Solar energy is available in various forms. Buildings can be heated and cooled by direct use of solar radiation, crops and trees, which are the most efficient converters of sunlight into energy, can be grown for their energy potential, wastes can be burned as fuel, sunlight can be converted into DC (direct current) electricity, electric power can be derived from the sun-warmed surface waters of the ocean (ocean thermal power), lastly, solar radiation can be converted to heat that will drive electric power generators (solar thermal power). Serious problems still remain as to transportation and storage of solar energy. 6. Geothermal energy is the energy contained within the earth. Heat is abundantly available deep in the earth’s core and is constantly being produced. However, this heat is usually located at too deep a level for commercial exploitation. Sometimes heat comes to the surface in the form of lava and geysers. In short, very little is know on the use of geothermal energy, and it has barely been exploited. 7. Nuclear energy is produced in nuclear power plants. At these plants atoms of uranium are split, thus releasing masses of energy. Another source of energy under development is the nuclear fusion of certain atoms of hydrogen. This could eventually replace natural gas as a source of energy. 8. In future trade the key development to watch is the relationship between the industrialized and the developing nations. Third World countries export their mineral deposits and tropical agricultural products, which bring them desired foreign exchange. Tourism has also been greatly responsible for the rapid development of some developing nations. Many Third World nations with high unemployment and low wages have seen an emigration of workers to the developed nations. Western Europe has received millions of such workers from Mediterranean countries. 9. The developing nations profit when these workers bring their savings and their acquired technical skills back home. Many developing nations benefit when Western nations establish manufacturing in their countries to take advantage of cheap labor. 10. As economies mature, economic growth rates tend to level off. The rate of population growth is leveling off today in Western nations. This leveling-off eventually leads to static non-growth markets. A point of saturation sets in—technology and innovation have seemed to achieve the impossible, but then how much further can it go? Herman Kahn, in his book The Next 200 Years, says that a shift in priorities will have to occur for industrialized nations. No longer is the creation of money and jobs essential, it is rather the improvement of the quality of life that must be our concern. Today pollution is of major concern for industrialized nations. Environmentalists are worried about the relationship between industrial objectives and preserving the environment. In developing nations, however, the problem of pollution is ignored for the sake of development. 11. The Western World will eventually move to a period of relatively low economic growth, coupled with a high rate of unemployment. A so-called welfare society will emerge. The unemployed in the new welfare society will be taken care of by the employed through generous contributions to the social welfare system. 12. Political questions remain as to the world’s future. We can only speculate as to whether organized markets such as the Common Market and COMECON could eventually merge. In the present political climate, this would seem impossible, although some cooperation agreements are already in effect. Obviously a merger between the Western and Eastern European markets would greatly enhance world trade. 13. International monetary cooperation will have a significant impact on future trade. If the IMF countries are not able to agree upon a new international monetary order in the years to come, international trade may become too risky for some companies to get involved in . If the IMF is unable to create sufficient international liquidity reserves in the future, there may not be enough liquidity to sustain growth in trade. 14. However, growing international consultation and cooperation in economic, monetary, and political matters will certainly contribute to the flourishing of world trade for years to come. 61. If population growth continues at its present pace, how can people keep the balance between food demand and supply? A. People should increase the consumption of meat. B. People should increase the consumption of low protein food. C. People should turn to new dietary patterns. D. People should produce more crops. 62. Trade growth will depend greatly on ___________. A. energy sources B. dietary patterns C. increased consumption of soybeans D. increased yields on existing croplands 63. The oil crisis of 1974 caused ___________. A. countries to depend more on oil B. countries to find other energy sources to replace oil C. coal and nuclear energy to become less popular D. countries to become more and more indifferent to coal 64. The problem with solar energy is that _________. A. sunlight cannot be used directly for heating buildings B. sunlight cannot be used to drive electric power generators C. it is difficult to transport and store solar energy D. it is difficult to convert sunlight into DC electricity 65. Geothermal energy has not been exploited because ____________. A. it is located too deep in earth’s core for commercial use B. it is not sufficient enough C. little is known about exploratory technology D. it often comes to the surface in the form of lava and geysers 66. Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 8? A. Third World countries export their mineral deposits so as to get foreign exchange. B. Workers in Third World countries emigrate to developed countries. C. Tourism will contribute much to the development of Third World countries. D. Some developing countries will absorb large numbers of foreign workers to work in their countries. 67. Industrial nations show great concern for ____________. A. creation of new jobs B. pollution and environmental preservation C. high unemployment and low wages D. the decreasing economic growth rate 68. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 10? A. Western nations are facing economic saturation. B. Developing countries pay much attention to the problem of pollution. C. As economies mature, economic growth rates tend to speed up. D. A welfare society will emerge in developing nations. 69. In a welfare society ______________. A. people don’t need to work but can enjoy the welfare provided by their countries B. more people will be laid off with the rapid growth of the economy C. rate of unemployment is very low due to low economic growth D. people who are out of work will be taken care of economically by their countries 70. We can conclude from Paragraphs 12,13 and 14 that _________. A. the Common Market and COMECON would eventually merge B. the future of the international trade will depend on international consultation and cooperation C. there would be monetary cooperation between Western and Eastern European countries D. future international liquidity reserves would influence growth in trade SECTION 3 QUESTIONS AND TRANSLATION (30 points) Ⅶ. Directions: The following questions are closely related to Passage 5. Write a brief answer (one to three complete sentences) to each of the questions on your ANSWER SHEET. Pay attention to the words, grammar and sentence structure in your answers. (15 points, 3 points for each) 71. What energies will play a large role in the future? 72. Which energy could eventually replace natural gas as a source of energy? What energy is it classified as? 73. Why is it the key point in future trade to develop the relationship between the industrialized and the developing nations? 74. Herman Kahn says in his book The Next 200 Years that a shift will occur for industrialized nations. What is the shift? 75. What will happen if the IMF countries are not able to agree upon a new international monetary order in the future? Ⅷ.Directions: Translate the following sentences (taken from passage 5) in to Chinese and write the Chinese version in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET. (15 points, 3 points for each) 76. Reduced consumption of meat, increased used of new high protein food made from soybeans, and development of ocean resources for food are some alternatives that must be considered. 77. As countries endeavor to increase yields on existing croplands through intensified use of water, energy, and fertilizers, the cost of commodities will rise. 78. Many Third World nations with high unemployment and low wages have seen an emigration of workers to the developed nations. 79. A point of saturation sets in—technology and innovation have seemed to achieve the impossible, but then how much further can it go ? 80. In the present political climate, this would seem impossible, although some cooperation agreements are already in