Unit 8
Five Traits of the Educated Man
Purposes
? 1,To get students know the importance of
education,
? 2,To understand the purpose of writing
and the characteristics of exposition,
? 3,To reinforce some basic linguistic
knowledge by doing various types of
exercises,
How to write an expository essay（说明文）?
Exposition means explaining,An expository essay explaining something,
such as why a certain phenomenon happens,how a problem is solved,or
what a word or term means,
A primary concern of exposition is clarity,To achieve this,you should bear
in mind the following points,
Narrowing the Scope of discussion
You have to limit your discussion to a manageable topic,for it is
impossible to explain many things clearly in a short essay,For instance,you
may find the topic,attitudes Toward Science” too general to write about in a
short essay,You can then narrow it to,Public Attitudes Toward Science”,
Making Clear your attitudes toward the subject
In a sense,exposition is the process of making a statement and then
supporting it with evidence,When presenting a statement,you must make
sure it expresses very clearly your attitude toward the subject,Supposing
you write about,The impact of Scientific Discoveries”,you could start your
essay with such a statement as?Scientific discoveries benefit us in many
ways.” If you sound uncertain of your own opinion about the subject,the
reader will be left with only a vague idea of what you want to say,
Preparing enough material
It is advisable to prepare enough material (details or
examples) to help your explanation,Readers often find
abstract discussions hard to follow if they are not illustrated
by concrete examples,Moreover,good exposition if often
both instructive and interesting,with many concrete
examples,your essay certainly will not be dull,though not
necessarily interesting,
Dramatizing the issue
Good writing gets the reader’s attention quickly,If you are
writing about the problem of pollution,you could start by
listing the statistics on pollution in the world today,But the
facts alone may not attract your reader’ attention,A more
effective way of presenting this problem would be to tell the
story of one polluted village,This would dramatically
illustrate the problem and draw the reader into your
exposition,
About the text
1,What is this text concerned with?
2,What are the five traits?
Language
Dialect---the form of a language that is spoken in a
particular area
Slang---informal words used by people who belong to a
particular group,for example young people,criminals etc,
Jargon---words used by people who do a particular job or
are interested in a particular subject,which ordinary people
cannot easily understand
Terminology---words used in a particular subject such as
science or medicine
Journalese---language often used in newspapers
Legalese---disapproving language used by lawyers or in
legal documents,which is difficult for ordinary people to
understand
Useful expressions
1.master a language
2.sb’s command of language
3.the official language
4.the language barrier---the problem of
communicating with people who speak a
different language
Quotations,
? The roots of education are bitter,but the fruit is sweet,
? The test and the use of a man’s education is that he
finds pleasure in the exercise of his mind,
? That is what learning is,You suddenly understand
something you’ve understood all your life.,but in a new
way,
? Whoever neglects learning in his youth,
Loses the past and is dead for the future,
Teacher’s Prayer
? I want to teach my students how to live this life on earth,
? To face its struggle and its strife and improve their worth,
? Not just the lesson in a book or how the rivers flow,
? But how to choose the proper path wherever they may go,
? To understand eternal truth and know the right from the wrong,
? And gather all the beauty of a flower and a song,
? For if I help the world to grow in wisdom and in grace,
? Then,I shall feel that I have won and I have filled my place,
? And so I ask my guidance,God,that I may do my part,
Humor,
,Professor,I did the best I could on this test,
I really don’t think I deserve a zero.”
,Neither do I,But that’s the lowest grade
I’m allowed to give.”
Structural analysis of the text
? Main idea of each part,
? Part One 1 --- pointing out the relationship between
learning and the marks of an educated man,between
learning and education,and between education and
certain traits and capacities which have to be gained by
conscious efforts
? Part Two (2-6) --- presenting,explaining,or discussing
the five traits of an educated man in a reasonable and
logical manner
? Part Three 7 --- making it quite clear that the five traits
comprise the outline of an educated man
some difficult sentences,words or
phrases
1,Among them are five that should always stand out clearly enough to
be seen by all men,
? Explain,Out of all the traits or characteristics an educated man
should possess,five are the most outstanding,which are easily
identified by all men,
2,The quite shocking slovenliness and vulgarity of much of the spoken
English proves beyond peradventure…
? Explain,The imprecision,impoliteness and rudeness in most of
one’s spoken English undoubtedly made people sick,
3,An indispensable trait of the educated man is refined and gentle
manners,
? Explain,Delicate,polite,and gentle manners are essential,
necessary qualities of an educated man,
some difficult sentences,words or
phrases
4,It is usual to settle down to life on a level of more or less
contented intellectual interest and activity,
? Explain,It is commonplace that at the age of 24 or 25,
men with a college education tend to live a stable and
ordinary life,more or less satisfied with their intellectual
achievements,
5,The mere visionary dreamer,however charming or
however wise,lacks something which an education
requires,
? Explain,No matter how charming or wise these
illusionary dreamers might be,they are short of what an
education requires,
Words to study
stand out (outstanding)
? A very tall man stands out in a crowd,
? In this list two names stand out particularly,
? The farmers stood out against ( for ) the government
about prices for their cattle,(坚决反对、支持 )
? We are determined to stand up for our rights,(维护 )
? This type of building stands up to the gales very well,
(经受住 )
? You can not stand by and see such cruelty,
? No matter what happens I will stand by you,so don’t be
afraid,
beyond
? One should never live beyond one’s
means,
? The school has expanded beyond
recognition,
? He has gone far beyond me in learning,
in vain
? All our efforts were in vain,
? He tried in vain to open the locked door,
given
? Given the opportunity he might well have
become an outstanding cartoonist,（如果
有）
? Given good weather,our ship will reach
Bombay Friday evening,（假定）
? They were to meet at a given time and
place,(特定的 )
settle down
? She settled down to read her book,（安稳地坐
下来）
? They have settled down very happily in their
new home,（定居下来）
? Let the excitement settle down,（平静下来）
? I am sure the child will settle down in his new
school,(适应 )
Translation exercises
1,He possesses some fine traits,he has refined and gentle
manners; he is kind and generous to others; he is always
modest and prudent; and he constantly perfects his work,
2,So long as you keep on studying hard,you will acquire a
good grasp of specialized skills,and become an expert in
some special field of knowledge,
3.It is beyond peradventure that the 2010 World Exposition
will bring Shanghai many good opportunities,which will
stimulate Shanghai’s economy to greater development,
4,One of the inevitable traits of the educated man is his
possession of refined and gentle manners,
5,A person with reason instinctively knows what should be
done and what should not be done,
Translation exercises
6.Despite hardships,she persisted in her efforts to complete
her university education,
7.As long as you study hard and make progress constantly,
your chances to succeed will multiply,
8.Xiao Wang works very efficiently,because he possesses
strong professional competence and,moreover,he pays
particular attention to methods,
9,Reciting excellent pieces of prose can not only enhance
our language competence,but also discipline our
memory and render it much stronger,
10.The President of the Board of Trustees of the university is
in possession of both professional competence and
excellent leadership; therefore,he is very popular among
the teachers and other staff members,
Dictation
? Broadly speaking,the Englishman is a quiet,shy,reserved
person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well,
In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems
inhibited,even embarrassed,You have only to witness a
commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of
this,Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading
their newspapers or dozing in a corner; no one speaks,In
fact,to do so would seem most unusual,An English wit,
pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors,once
suggested,“On evening a railway compartment shake hands
with all the passengers.” Needless to say,he was not being
serious,There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of
behaviour which,if broken,makes the person immediately
the object of suspicion,
Five Traits of the Educated Man
Purposes
? 1,To get students know the importance of
education,
? 2,To understand the purpose of writing
and the characteristics of exposition,
? 3,To reinforce some basic linguistic
knowledge by doing various types of
exercises,
How to write an expository essay（说明文）?
Exposition means explaining,An expository essay explaining something,
such as why a certain phenomenon happens,how a problem is solved,or
what a word or term means,
A primary concern of exposition is clarity,To achieve this,you should bear
in mind the following points,
Narrowing the Scope of discussion
You have to limit your discussion to a manageable topic,for it is
impossible to explain many things clearly in a short essay,For instance,you
may find the topic,attitudes Toward Science” too general to write about in a
short essay,You can then narrow it to,Public Attitudes Toward Science”,
Making Clear your attitudes toward the subject
In a sense,exposition is the process of making a statement and then
supporting it with evidence,When presenting a statement,you must make
sure it expresses very clearly your attitude toward the subject,Supposing
you write about,The impact of Scientific Discoveries”,you could start your
essay with such a statement as?Scientific discoveries benefit us in many
ways.” If you sound uncertain of your own opinion about the subject,the
reader will be left with only a vague idea of what you want to say,
Preparing enough material
It is advisable to prepare enough material (details or
examples) to help your explanation,Readers often find
abstract discussions hard to follow if they are not illustrated
by concrete examples,Moreover,good exposition if often
both instructive and interesting,with many concrete
examples,your essay certainly will not be dull,though not
necessarily interesting,
Dramatizing the issue
Good writing gets the reader’s attention quickly,If you are
writing about the problem of pollution,you could start by
listing the statistics on pollution in the world today,But the
facts alone may not attract your reader’ attention,A more
effective way of presenting this problem would be to tell the
story of one polluted village,This would dramatically
illustrate the problem and draw the reader into your
exposition,
About the text
1,What is this text concerned with?
2,What are the five traits?
Language
Dialect---the form of a language that is spoken in a
particular area
Slang---informal words used by people who belong to a
particular group,for example young people,criminals etc,
Jargon---words used by people who do a particular job or
are interested in a particular subject,which ordinary people
cannot easily understand
Terminology---words used in a particular subject such as
science or medicine
Journalese---language often used in newspapers
Legalese---disapproving language used by lawyers or in
legal documents,which is difficult for ordinary people to
understand
Useful expressions
1.master a language
2.sb’s command of language
3.the official language
4.the language barrier---the problem of
communicating with people who speak a
different language
Quotations,
? The roots of education are bitter,but the fruit is sweet,
? The test and the use of a man’s education is that he
finds pleasure in the exercise of his mind,
? That is what learning is,You suddenly understand
something you’ve understood all your life.,but in a new
way,
? Whoever neglects learning in his youth,
Loses the past and is dead for the future,
Teacher’s Prayer
? I want to teach my students how to live this life on earth,
? To face its struggle and its strife and improve their worth,
? Not just the lesson in a book or how the rivers flow,
? But how to choose the proper path wherever they may go,
? To understand eternal truth and know the right from the wrong,
? And gather all the beauty of a flower and a song,
? For if I help the world to grow in wisdom and in grace,
? Then,I shall feel that I have won and I have filled my place,
? And so I ask my guidance,God,that I may do my part,
Humor,
,Professor,I did the best I could on this test,
I really don’t think I deserve a zero.”
,Neither do I,But that’s the lowest grade
I’m allowed to give.”
Structural analysis of the text
? Main idea of each part,
? Part One 1 --- pointing out the relationship between
learning and the marks of an educated man,between
learning and education,and between education and
certain traits and capacities which have to be gained by
conscious efforts
? Part Two (2-6) --- presenting,explaining,or discussing
the five traits of an educated man in a reasonable and
logical manner
? Part Three 7 --- making it quite clear that the five traits
comprise the outline of an educated man
some difficult sentences,words or
phrases
1,Among them are five that should always stand out clearly enough to
be seen by all men,
? Explain,Out of all the traits or characteristics an educated man
should possess,five are the most outstanding,which are easily
identified by all men,
2,The quite shocking slovenliness and vulgarity of much of the spoken
English proves beyond peradventure…
? Explain,The imprecision,impoliteness and rudeness in most of
one’s spoken English undoubtedly made people sick,
3,An indispensable trait of the educated man is refined and gentle
manners,
? Explain,Delicate,polite,and gentle manners are essential,
necessary qualities of an educated man,
some difficult sentences,words or
phrases
4,It is usual to settle down to life on a level of more or less
contented intellectual interest and activity,
? Explain,It is commonplace that at the age of 24 or 25,
men with a college education tend to live a stable and
ordinary life,more or less satisfied with their intellectual
achievements,
5,The mere visionary dreamer,however charming or
however wise,lacks something which an education
requires,
? Explain,No matter how charming or wise these
illusionary dreamers might be,they are short of what an
education requires,
Words to study
stand out (outstanding)
? A very tall man stands out in a crowd,
? In this list two names stand out particularly,
? The farmers stood out against ( for ) the government
about prices for their cattle,(坚决反对、支持 )
? We are determined to stand up for our rights,(维护 )
? This type of building stands up to the gales very well,
(经受住 )
? You can not stand by and see such cruelty,
? No matter what happens I will stand by you,so don’t be
afraid,
beyond
? One should never live beyond one’s
means,
? The school has expanded beyond
recognition,
? He has gone far beyond me in learning,
in vain
? All our efforts were in vain,
? He tried in vain to open the locked door,
given
? Given the opportunity he might well have
become an outstanding cartoonist,（如果
有）
? Given good weather,our ship will reach
Bombay Friday evening,（假定）
? They were to meet at a given time and
place,(特定的 )
settle down
? She settled down to read her book,（安稳地坐
下来）
? They have settled down very happily in their
new home,（定居下来）
? Let the excitement settle down,（平静下来）
? I am sure the child will settle down in his new
school,(适应 )
Translation exercises
1,He possesses some fine traits,he has refined and gentle
manners; he is kind and generous to others; he is always
modest and prudent; and he constantly perfects his work,
2,So long as you keep on studying hard,you will acquire a
good grasp of specialized skills,and become an expert in
some special field of knowledge,
3.It is beyond peradventure that the 2010 World Exposition
will bring Shanghai many good opportunities,which will
stimulate Shanghai’s economy to greater development,
4,One of the inevitable traits of the educated man is his
possession of refined and gentle manners,
5,A person with reason instinctively knows what should be
done and what should not be done,
Translation exercises
6.Despite hardships,she persisted in her efforts to complete
her university education,
7.As long as you study hard and make progress constantly,
your chances to succeed will multiply,
8.Xiao Wang works very efficiently,because he possesses
strong professional competence and,moreover,he pays
particular attention to methods,
9,Reciting excellent pieces of prose can not only enhance
our language competence,but also discipline our
memory and render it much stronger,
10.The President of the Board of Trustees of the university is
in possession of both professional competence and
excellent leadership; therefore,he is very popular among
the teachers and other staff members,
Dictation
? Broadly speaking,the Englishman is a quiet,shy,reserved
person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well,
In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems
inhibited,even embarrassed,You have only to witness a
commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of
this,Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading
their newspapers or dozing in a corner; no one speaks,In
fact,to do so would seem most unusual,An English wit,
pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors,once
suggested,“On evening a railway compartment shake hands
with all the passengers.” Needless to say,he was not being
serious,There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of
behaviour which,if broken,makes the person immediately
the object of suspicion,
