Steadman, J.W. “Section III – Electronics”
The Electrical Engineering Handbook
Ed. Richard C. Dorf
Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000
The Cheetah disc drive is produced by Seagate Technology, Scotts Valley, California, and has been dubbed the
industry’s fastest disc drive. The Cheetah is the world’s first-announced drive to utilize 10,000-rpm technology.
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? 2000 by CRC Press LLC
? 2000 by CRC Press LLC
III
Electronics
22 Semiconductors
G.S. Gildenblat, B. Gelmont, M. Milkovic, A. Elshabini-Riad,
F.W. Stephenson, I.A. Bhutta, D.C. Look
Physical Properties ? Diodes ? Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models and Device Simulators for
Semiconductor Devices ? Electrical Characterization of Semiconductors
23 Semiconductor Manufacturing
H.G. Parks, W. Needham, S. Rajaram, C. Rafferty
Processes ? Testing ? Electrical Characterization of Interconnections ? Process Modeling and
Simulation
24 Transistors
S. Soclof, J. Watson, J.R. Brews
Junction Field-Effect Transistors ? Bipolar Transistors ? The Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-
Effect Transistor (MOSFET)
25 Integrated Circuits
J.E. Brewer, M.R. Zargham, S. Tragoudas, S. Tewksbury
Integrated Circuit Technology ? Layout, Placement, and Routing ? Application-Specific Integrated
Circuits
26 Surface Mount Technology
G.R. Blackwell
Definition and Considerations ? SMT Design, Assembly, and Test Overview ? Surface Mount
Device (SMD) Definitions ? Substrate Design Guidelines ? Thermal Design Considerations ?
Adhesives ? Solder Paste and Joint Formation ? Parts Inspection and Placement ? Reflow
Soldering ? Cleaning ? Prototype Systems
27 Operational Amplifiers
E.J. Kennedy, J.V. Wait
Ideal and Practical Models ? Applications
28 Amplifiers
G.L. Carpenter, J. Choma, Jr
.
Large Signal Analysis ? Small Signal Analysis
29 Active Filters
R.E. Massara, J.W. Steadman, B.M. Wilamowski, J.A. Svoboda
Synthesis of Low-Pass Forms ? Realization ? Generalized Impedance Converters and Simulated
Impedances
30 Power Electronics
K. Rajashekara, A.K.S. Bhat, B.K. Bose
Power Semiconductor Devices ? Power Conversion ? Power Supplies ? Converter Control of
Machines
31 Optoelectronics
J. Hecht, L.S. Watkins, R.A. Becker
Lasers ? Sources and Detectors ? Circuits
32 D/A and A/D Converters
S.A.R. Garrod
D/A and A/D Circuits
33 Thermal Management of Electronics
A. Bar-Cohen
Heat Transfer Fundamentals ? Chip Module Thermal Resistance
34 Digital and Analog Electronic Design Automation
A. Dewey
Design Entry ? Synthesis ? Verification ? Physical Design ? Test
? 2000 by CRC Press LLC
John W. Steadman
University of Wyoming
HE TRULY INCREDIBLE CHANGES in the technology associated with electronics over the past three
decades have certainly been the driving force for most of the growth in the field of electrical engineering.
Recall that 30 years ago the transistor was a novel device and that the majority of electronic systems
still used vacuum tubes. Then look at the section headings in the following chapters and appreciate the range
of ways that electronics has impacted electrical engineering. Amplifiers, integrated circuits, filters, power
electronics, and optoelectronics are examples of how electronics transformed the practice of electrical engi-
neering in such diverse fields as power generation and distribution, communications, signal processing, and
computers.
The various contributors to this section have done an outstanding job of providing concise and practical
coverage of this immense field. By necessity, the content ranges from rather theoretical considerations, such as
physical principles of semiconductors, to quite practical issues such as printed circuit board technology and
circuits for active filter realizations. There are areas of overlap with other chapters in the
Handbook
, such as
those covering electrical effects and devices, biomedical electronics, digital devices, and computers. The con-
tributors to this section, however, have maintained a focus on providing practical and useful information
directly related to electronics as needed by a practicing electrical engineer.
The author(s) of each chapter was given the task of providing broad coverage of the field while being restricted
to only a few pages of text. As a result, the information content is quite high and tends to treat the main
principles or most useful topics in each area without giving the details or extensions of the subject. This practice,
followed throughout the
Handbook
, is what makes it a valuable new work in electrical engineering. In most
cases the information here will be complete enough. When this is not the case, the references will point the
way to whatever added information is necessary.
Nomenclature
Symbol Quantity Unit
A
area m
2
A
i
current gain
A
v
terminal voltage gain
a
i
ionization coefficient
B
bandwidth Hz
C
velocity of light in 2.998
′
10
8
m/s
vacuum
C
specific heat W/kg K
C
c
coupling capacitor
C
E
emitter bypass capacitor
C
j
junction capacitance F
E
energy J
e
o
permittivity constant 8.85
′
10
–12
F/m
f
focal length m
F
luminous flux lumen
F
radiational factor
f
pn-junction contact V
potential
g
m
transconductance S
h
Planck’s constant 6.626
′
10
–34
J·s
h
heat transfer coefficient
h
FE
common-emitter direct
current gain
Symbol Quantity Unit
h
re
small-signal current gain
h
quantum efficiency
i
b
incremental base current A
I
illuminance lumen/cm
I
B
direct base current A
I
D
diode forward current A
I
E
direct emitter current A
I
s
reverse saturation A
current
J
current density A/m
2
k
Boltzmann constant 1.38
′
10
–23
J/K
k
wavenumber rad/m
k
wave vector
k
attenuation
k
thermal conductivity W/m K
l
carrier mean free path m
l
wavelength m
m
magnetic permeability H/m
m
viscosity kg/ms
m
n
electron mobility
n
electron density electrons/cm
3
n
refractive index
n
light frequency Hz
T
? 2000 by CRC Press LLC
Symbol Quantity Unit
p
hole density holes/cm
3
Pr Prandtl number
y
bk
Bloch wave function
q
electronic charge 1.6
′
10
–19
C
q
heat flow W
R
B
base resistor
Re Reynolds number
R
g
generator internal
W
resistance
R
G
total resistance
W
s
conductivity S
s
Stefan-Boltzmann 5.67
′
10
–8
constant W/m
2
K
4
Symbol Quantity Unit
T
absolute temperature K
t
momentum relaxation s
time
q
volumetric flow rate m
3
/s
v
electron velocity m/s
V
BE
direct base-emitter V
voltage
V
CC
direct voltage supply V
V
T
thermal voltage mV
V
Z
Zener voltage V
W
power W
Z
o
characteristic impedance
W
