Sandige, R.S. “Section VIII – Digital Devices”
The Electrical Engineering Handbook
Ed. Richard C. Dorf
Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000
? 2000 by CRC Press LLC
LCD projection televisions, such as this “Television of the Future” could replace the CRT-based television if
certain performance criteria are obtained. One criteria being addressed is the need for a very bright, optically
efficient point source for projecting an image through a small LCD. If new lighting technologies are developed,
such as an illumination source that can provide a brighter image with better colors than current CRT technology,
then the consumer television market will certainly change. (Photo courtesy of Thomson Multimedia.)
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? 2000 by CRC Press LLC
VIII
Digital Devices
79Logic Elements
G.L. Moss, P. Graham, R.S. Sandige, H.S. Hinton
IC Logic Family Operation and Characteristics?Logic Gates (IC)?Bistable Devices?Optical
Devices
80Memory Devices
W.D. Pricer, R.H. Katz, P.A. Lee, M. Mansuripur
Integrated Circuits (RAM, ROM)?Basic Disc System Architectures?Magnetic Tape?
Magneto-Optical Disk Data Storage
81Logical Devices
F.P. Preparata, R.S. Sandige, B.R. Bannister, D.G. Whitehead,
M. Bolton, B.D. Carroll
Combinational Networks and Switching Algebra?Logic Circuits?Registers and their
Applications?Programmable Arrays?Arithmetic Logic Units
82Microprocessors
J. Staudhammer, S.-L. Chen, P.J. Windley, J.F. Frenzel
Practical Microprocessors?Applications
83Displays
J.E. Morris, A. Martin, L.F. Weber
Light-Emitting Diodes?Liquid-Crystal Displays?The Cathode Ray Tube?Color Plasma
Displays
84Data Acquisition
D. Kurumbalapitiya, S.R.H. Hoole
The Analog and Digital Signal Interface?Analog Signal Conditioning?Sample-and-Hold and
A/D Techniques in Data Acquisition?The Communication Interface of a Data Acquisition
System?Data Recording?Software Aspects
85Testing
M. Serra, B.I. Dervisoglu
Digital IC Testing?Design for Test
Richard S. Sandige
University of Wyoming
LECTRONIC DESIGNERS have placed increasing significance on digital devices since the late 1960s.
This is due primarily to the greater reliability and improved accuracy gained when using electronic
devices in a two-level mode (binary mode) as compared to using electronic devices in a continuous
mode (analog mode). As silicon integrated circuits (ICs) became denser and more consistently reproducible
over the past few decades, so did digital electronic devices. Today digital circuits and digital systems produced
from digital devices can be found in every walk of life ranging from children’s toys, kitchen appliances, laboratory
instruments, personal and workstation computers to space shuttle and satellite applications.
The intent of this section is to present topics related to the utilization and application of digital devices.
Chapter 79 establishes the foundation for digital logic elements beginning with IC, logic gates, logical families,
bistable devices, and optical devices. Discussed in the next chapter are memory devices, which include integrated
circuits (RAM, ROM), disk systems, magnetic tape, and optical disks. Chapter 81 on logical devices discusses
switching algebra, logic circuits, registers, programmable arrays (PAL, FPGA), and arithmetic logic units.
The next chapter explains the microprocessor, perhaps the best-known digital device. The topics covered
include practical microprocessors and microprocessor applications. Chapter 83 on displays consists of the light-
emitting diode, the liquid-crystal display, the cathode ray tube, and the plasma display. The gathering of digital
E
? 2000 by CRC Press LLC
information, referred to as data acquisition, is discussed next. No digital system is released to production
without extensive testing. Chapter 85 presents methods of testing and design for testing.
The variety of topics presented in this section should provide readers with a contemporary overview of digital
devices and their applications. To obtain additional information, the reader may refer to the References and
Further Information in each chapter.
Nomenclature
Symbol Quantity Unit
A
area m
2
a
average absorption
coefficient
B
luminance off the projection
screen
C
brightness contrast
CMRR common-mode rejection
ratio
C
R
contrast ratio
d
diameter m
E
g
band gap energy eV
e
screen efficiency lumen/W
f
focal length m
F
maximum flux lumen
h
Planck’s constant 6.626
′
10
–34
J·s
h
quantum efficiency
I beam current amp
L
luminance cd/m
2
L
raster luminance
Symbol Quantity Unit
l
radiation wavelength nm
m
magnification factor
m
n
electron mobility
n
aperture
n
photon frequency Hz
p
photon momentum kg · m/s
R
recombination rate ns
R
i
reflectivity
S
emitting screen surface m
2
SNR signal-to-noise ratio
t
add
add time ns
t
h
hold time ns
t
pd
propagation delay time ns
T
transmission ratio
T
transmission of faceplate
t
lifetime ns
q
c
critical angle degree
V
B
accelerating voltage V
V
s
screen voltage V
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