[Ca entry]
Dendrites Axon Synaptic endings
[Transmitter concentration] [Membrane potential]
Response
Synaptic
channels
Dose
Sodium
channels
Transmitter
release
Soma
Neuron and fast transmission
神经递质
? (1) Ach
? (2) nonepinephrine
? (3) neuromodulator
? (4) Dale’s principle
Receptor
? (1) cholinergic receptor
? (2) adrenergic receptor
? (3) others
Dendrites
Cerebellar glomerulus
? muscle spindle
Proprioception,muscle spindle
Neuroglia
Resting Potential
? Ionic Equilibria
i
o
K
K
ZE ][
][ln
F
RT
K ?
?
?
Nernst equation
i
o
K
KE
][
][lo g5.59
K ?
?
?
Experiments Data
Active Ion Pumping
? Na+,K+ -ATPase
? Pump is electrogenic
? K+ equilibrium potential
Action Potential
Nerve Action Potential
Action Potential
Action Potential
Action Potential
? Na+ equilibrium potential
? Na+ Channel
? K+ Channel
Voltage Clamp
Voltage Current
Patch Clamp
? Single Channel
? Interaction of the Sensory,Motor,and
Motivational Systems is Essential for Even
Simple Behavior
Four Principles
? (1) Relay Centers
? (2) distinct Pathways
? (3) Each Pathway is Topographically
Organized
? (4) Most Pathways Cross the Body’s
Midline
Each System Is composed of
Several Distinct Pathways
? (1) Sensory system
? (2) Motor system
? (3) Motivational system