1.6 Oil fuel transfer
Oil fuel transfer
arrangements
provide for
receiving
stations at an
upper deck level,
port and
starboard,
furnished with
valves,elbows,
pressure gauges,
filters and relief
valves,
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? From these receiving
stations,the oil flows to
double-bottom,peak or
deep bunker tanks and
can be transferred
from forward to aft and
from port to starboard
(and vice versa) and
from settling to service
tanks via filters,
separators and
clarifiers,thence to
boilers or engines.
SETTLING
TANK
D.OIL
S T
SERVICE
TANK
D.OIL
SETTLING
TANK
H.OIL
SERVICE
TANK
H.OIL
SERVICE
TANK
H.OIL
BOILER
TANK
S TS T S TST ST
S SELF CLOSING COCK
A
HEATER
D.O
H.O
P.
HEATER
D.O
H.O
P.
HEATER
H.O
.P.
HEATER
H.O
..P.
H.O
C
H.O
C.
TO
BOILER
DUPLEX
FILTER
H.O
HEATER
A
D.O
TO
GENERATOR
DUPLEX
FILTERS
OVERBOARDDRAIN
TANK
OILY
BILGE TO MAINENGINE
TO OVERFLOW TANK
TRANSFER PUMPS
DUPLEX
STRAINERS
C.O.
CHEST
DECK CONTROLLED
VALVE
A ALARM
P.
CLARIFIER
PURIFIER
C.
S.D.N.R,VALVE
SCREW LIFT VALVE
D.O,DIESEL OIL
H.O,HEAVY OIL
T,THERMOMETERPOCKET
Oil fuel transfer
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? Fire is an ever-present hazard and often has
its origin in apparently unremarkable
happenings,
? There are stringent rules governing flash
points,permissible temperatures,storage
and handling of oil fuel.
? These rules should be carefully studied and
observed.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? The flash point (closed test) should be above 65℃ ;
DO should not be heated to more than 51℃ for
settling or purification; if necessary,this may be
increased to a figure 20℃ beneath its known flash
point,
? Settling tanks must have thermometers and the
sounding arrangements must be proof against
accidental egress of oil,
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? Drain cocks must be self-
closing and the outlet valves
should be capable of being
closed from safe positions
outside the engine room,
? In passenger ships,this
applies also to suction and
leveling valves on deep
tanks,
SERVICE
TANK
H.OIL
S T
S SELF CLOSING COCK
DECK CONTROLLED
VALVE
Drain
valve
To
engine
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? Overflow pipes and relief valves not in closed
circuit must discharge to an overflow tank having
an alarm device,the discharge being visible,
? Tank air pipes must have 25% more area than their
filling pipes and should have their outlets situated
clear of fire risks,
? They should also be fitted with detachable wire
gauze diaphragms.
? Provision should be made for stopping oil fuel
pumps from outside the machinery spaces.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? From the filling stations,pipes descend to
the oil fuel mains,
? These will probably be two pipes,one for
heavy oil and one for diesel fuel,
? They extend forward and aft in the engine
and boiler rooms,possibly extending along
the shaft tunnel,and in some ships,a
forward pipe tunnel,
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? These connect to the fuel transfer pumps and to
distribution valve chests,from which pipes run to the
fuel tanks,
? Water ballast is also sometimes carried in these tanks
and the chests are arranged so that they cannot be
connected to oil and ballast mains at the same time (old
tanker),
? Midship tanks have center and wing suctions; the
forward and aft peak,and keep tanks have center suction
only.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? Transfer pumps draw from the oil mains,from overflow
and drain tanks and from the oily bilges - parts of the
engine and boiler room bilges separated from the
remainder by coamings - to which oil spillage is led,
? The pumps discharge to settling tanks,the oily water
separator and the oil mains.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? In passenger ships,it must be possible to transfer
oil from any tank to any other tank without use
of the ballast main,so that two oil mains are
required.
? In cargo ships,the ballast pump may act as
standby transfer pump,in which case they must
be interconnected; alternatively,a diesel oil
transfer pump may be the standby,
? Detail and arrangement will vary with the size,
type and trade of the ship.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? In steamers,the fuel is heated in the settling
tanks by steam coils,to assist water separation,
and is then taken to the burners through heaters
and filters by the oil fuel pressure pumps.
? In motorships,after settling in a similar manner
the heavy fuel passes through heaters to two
separators in series,the first removing the water
and most of the solids in suspension; the second,
called a clarifier,removes the finer solids
remaining,
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? The separators,usually having their own
pumps,deliver the clean oil to one of two
service tanks in turn,from which the oil
passes to the engine service pumps and so
to the injection pumps,through further
heaters.
? Diesel fuel is treated similarly but more
simply,with a single stage of separation
and no heating.
? Sludge from separators passes to a tank,
from which it is removed by a pump
capable of handling high-viscosity matter.
HEATER
H.O
..P.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? It may be mentioned here,
because it is not always
understood,that fuel is
heated for combustion,
not to raise its temperature
but to bring it to a
viscosity acceptable to the
injectors or burners.
mu
Fuel pumps
Engine
S
Engine
Fuel pumps
Diesel engines consume Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO),
Marine Diesel oil (MDO) or Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO).
Modern Diesel engines are run
on IFO,a fuel whose grade lies
between that of HFO and MDO.
HFO is a residual oil that is made
suitable for driving Diesel engines by
adding certain flammable substances.
MDO is a high-grade fuel of
low viscosity that is used when the
vessel is manoeuvring.
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the Heavy Fuel Oil bunkertank
the preheated fuel is led to the settling tank.
Settling tank
In the settling tank water and impurities are
separated from the fuel and drained off.
s
Drain-valve
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the settling tank the fuel is led through a
heater to preheat the fuel.
From the heater the fuel is led through a
separator (purifier / clarifier) to purify the fuel.
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
sound
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the separator the fuel enters the
daily service tank for HFO.
There are two daily service tanks,so that
one tank may be used while the other is
being filled.
sound
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
Daily service tank Daily service tank
s
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the daily service tank the fuel is pumped
to a heater by the low pressure fuel pump
(or,booster pump”).
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the heater the HFO is passed through
a viscosity regulator,
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the viscosity regulator the fuel is passed
through a fuel strainer,which filters the fuel.
sound
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the fuel strainer the oil is led to the
fuel pumps in the engine.
Diesel oil is used for manoeuvring and is
stored in the MDO bunkertank.
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
After the DO has been pumped up from
the bunkertank,the fuel passes through
a purifier,
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
s
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the purifier the DO enters the
DO storage tank.
s
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the DO service tank the fuel is led to the
high-pressure fuel pumps in the engine.
A mixing tank is used for a gradual transition
from HFO to DO,
sound
Mixing tank
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
soundBuffer tank
(Circulating tank)
The mixing tank,or,buffer tank”,can hold
a quantity of fuel which will be circulated
and led to the engine.
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
s
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
The hot fuel fumes can escape through
the air vent in the mixing tank.
Air vent
Modern Diesel engines are run on IFO,a fuel
whose grade lies between that of HFO and
MDO.
HFO is a residual oil that is made suitable for
driving Diesel engines by removing certain
flammable substances.
MDO is a low-grade fuel of high viscosity that
is used when the vessel is manoeuvring.
…..because:
…..because:
1
From the Heavy Fuel Oil bunkertank the fuel
is led to the settling tank.
2 Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
In the settling tank the fuel is drained off after it
has been separated from water and impurities.
3
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the settling tank the fuel is first led through a
purifier and then through a separator.
4
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the separator the fuel enters the
daily service tank.
5 Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
There are two daily service tanks:
one to preheat the fuel,the other to purify the fuel.
6
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the daily service tank the fuel is pumped to
a heater by the booster pump.
7 Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the heater the HFO is passed through a
separator,
8
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
A fuel strainer preheats and filters the fuel.
9
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the fuel strainer the oil is led to the
low pressure fuel pumps in the engine.
10
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
Diesel oil is used for manoeuvring and is stored
in three daily service tanks.
11
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
After the DO has been pumped up from the
bunkertank,it is passed through a purifier.
12 Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the purifier the DO enters the settling tank.
13
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
14
From the DO service tank the fuel is led through
a separator,heater,viscosity controller and
strainer to the fuel pumps in the engine.
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
A mixing tank is used to drain off water and
impurities from the fuel.
15
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
Mixing
tank
The hot fuel fumes can escape through the
air vent into the mixing tank.
sound 16
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
Mixing
tank
1.8 Bilge and ballast
? The essentials of the bilge and ballast system are
simple,
? They consist of a bilge main in the engine room
which is connected to one or more pumps and,
also to the hole,tunnel and machinery space
bilges by suitably placed valves; the pumps
discharge overboard,
? A ballast main is similarly connected to a pump,
the sea and to ballast tanks; the pump discharging
overboard or to deep and peak tanks through the
ballast main,
1.8 Bilge and ballast
? In practice the use of oil fuel with the attendant
need to retain the oil when discharging overboard,
the need to provide adequate services in the event
of breakdown or casualty without unreasonable
duplication and to avoid accidental flooding,
have all given rise to some elaboration of the
system,Figure 1.7 is a diagrammatic
arrangement showing bilge,ballast and oil-fuel
filling.
Figure 1.7 diagram of bilge,
ballast and oil fuel filling
Oil fuel transfer
arrangements
provide for
receiving
stations at an
upper deck level,
port and
starboard,
furnished with
valves,elbows,
pressure gauges,
filters and relief
valves,
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? From these receiving
stations,the oil flows to
double-bottom,peak or
deep bunker tanks and
can be transferred
from forward to aft and
from port to starboard
(and vice versa) and
from settling to service
tanks via filters,
separators and
clarifiers,thence to
boilers or engines.
SETTLING
TANK
D.OIL
S T
SERVICE
TANK
D.OIL
SETTLING
TANK
H.OIL
SERVICE
TANK
H.OIL
SERVICE
TANK
H.OIL
BOILER
TANK
S TS T S TST ST
S SELF CLOSING COCK
A
HEATER
D.O
H.O
P.
HEATER
D.O
H.O
P.
HEATER
H.O
.P.
HEATER
H.O
..P.
H.O
C
H.O
C.
TO
BOILER
DUPLEX
FILTER
H.O
HEATER
A
D.O
TO
GENERATOR
DUPLEX
FILTERS
OVERBOARDDRAIN
TANK
OILY
BILGE TO MAINENGINE
TO OVERFLOW TANK
TRANSFER PUMPS
DUPLEX
STRAINERS
C.O.
CHEST
DECK CONTROLLED
VALVE
A ALARM
P.
CLARIFIER
PURIFIER
C.
S.D.N.R,VALVE
SCREW LIFT VALVE
D.O,DIESEL OIL
H.O,HEAVY OIL
T,THERMOMETERPOCKET
Oil fuel transfer
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? Fire is an ever-present hazard and often has
its origin in apparently unremarkable
happenings,
? There are stringent rules governing flash
points,permissible temperatures,storage
and handling of oil fuel.
? These rules should be carefully studied and
observed.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? The flash point (closed test) should be above 65℃ ;
DO should not be heated to more than 51℃ for
settling or purification; if necessary,this may be
increased to a figure 20℃ beneath its known flash
point,
? Settling tanks must have thermometers and the
sounding arrangements must be proof against
accidental egress of oil,
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? Drain cocks must be self-
closing and the outlet valves
should be capable of being
closed from safe positions
outside the engine room,
? In passenger ships,this
applies also to suction and
leveling valves on deep
tanks,
SERVICE
TANK
H.OIL
S T
S SELF CLOSING COCK
DECK CONTROLLED
VALVE
Drain
valve
To
engine
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? Overflow pipes and relief valves not in closed
circuit must discharge to an overflow tank having
an alarm device,the discharge being visible,
? Tank air pipes must have 25% more area than their
filling pipes and should have their outlets situated
clear of fire risks,
? They should also be fitted with detachable wire
gauze diaphragms.
? Provision should be made for stopping oil fuel
pumps from outside the machinery spaces.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? From the filling stations,pipes descend to
the oil fuel mains,
? These will probably be two pipes,one for
heavy oil and one for diesel fuel,
? They extend forward and aft in the engine
and boiler rooms,possibly extending along
the shaft tunnel,and in some ships,a
forward pipe tunnel,
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? These connect to the fuel transfer pumps and to
distribution valve chests,from which pipes run to the
fuel tanks,
? Water ballast is also sometimes carried in these tanks
and the chests are arranged so that they cannot be
connected to oil and ballast mains at the same time (old
tanker),
? Midship tanks have center and wing suctions; the
forward and aft peak,and keep tanks have center suction
only.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? Transfer pumps draw from the oil mains,from overflow
and drain tanks and from the oily bilges - parts of the
engine and boiler room bilges separated from the
remainder by coamings - to which oil spillage is led,
? The pumps discharge to settling tanks,the oily water
separator and the oil mains.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? In passenger ships,it must be possible to transfer
oil from any tank to any other tank without use
of the ballast main,so that two oil mains are
required.
? In cargo ships,the ballast pump may act as
standby transfer pump,in which case they must
be interconnected; alternatively,a diesel oil
transfer pump may be the standby,
? Detail and arrangement will vary with the size,
type and trade of the ship.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? In steamers,the fuel is heated in the settling
tanks by steam coils,to assist water separation,
and is then taken to the burners through heaters
and filters by the oil fuel pressure pumps.
? In motorships,after settling in a similar manner
the heavy fuel passes through heaters to two
separators in series,the first removing the water
and most of the solids in suspension; the second,
called a clarifier,removes the finer solids
remaining,
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? The separators,usually having their own
pumps,deliver the clean oil to one of two
service tanks in turn,from which the oil
passes to the engine service pumps and so
to the injection pumps,through further
heaters.
? Diesel fuel is treated similarly but more
simply,with a single stage of separation
and no heating.
? Sludge from separators passes to a tank,
from which it is removed by a pump
capable of handling high-viscosity matter.
HEATER
H.O
..P.
1.6 Oil fuel transfer
? It may be mentioned here,
because it is not always
understood,that fuel is
heated for combustion,
not to raise its temperature
but to bring it to a
viscosity acceptable to the
injectors or burners.
mu
Fuel pumps
Engine
S
Engine
Fuel pumps
Diesel engines consume Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO),
Marine Diesel oil (MDO) or Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO).
Modern Diesel engines are run
on IFO,a fuel whose grade lies
between that of HFO and MDO.
HFO is a residual oil that is made
suitable for driving Diesel engines by
adding certain flammable substances.
MDO is a high-grade fuel of
low viscosity that is used when the
vessel is manoeuvring.
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the Heavy Fuel Oil bunkertank
the preheated fuel is led to the settling tank.
Settling tank
In the settling tank water and impurities are
separated from the fuel and drained off.
s
Drain-valve
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the settling tank the fuel is led through a
heater to preheat the fuel.
From the heater the fuel is led through a
separator (purifier / clarifier) to purify the fuel.
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
sound
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the separator the fuel enters the
daily service tank for HFO.
There are two daily service tanks,so that
one tank may be used while the other is
being filled.
sound
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
Daily service tank Daily service tank
s
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the daily service tank the fuel is pumped
to a heater by the low pressure fuel pump
(or,booster pump”).
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the heater the HFO is passed through
a viscosity regulator,
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the viscosity regulator the fuel is passed
through a fuel strainer,which filters the fuel.
sound
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the fuel strainer the oil is led to the
fuel pumps in the engine.
Diesel oil is used for manoeuvring and is
stored in the MDO bunkertank.
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
After the DO has been pumped up from
the bunkertank,the fuel passes through
a purifier,
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
s
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the purifier the DO enters the
DO storage tank.
s
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
From the DO service tank the fuel is led to the
high-pressure fuel pumps in the engine.
A mixing tank is used for a gradual transition
from HFO to DO,
sound
Mixing tank
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
soundBuffer tank
(Circulating tank)
The mixing tank,or,buffer tank”,can hold
a quantity of fuel which will be circulated
and led to the engine.
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
s
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDO
The hot fuel fumes can escape through
the air vent in the mixing tank.
Air vent
Modern Diesel engines are run on IFO,a fuel
whose grade lies between that of HFO and
MDO.
HFO is a residual oil that is made suitable for
driving Diesel engines by removing certain
flammable substances.
MDO is a low-grade fuel of high viscosity that
is used when the vessel is manoeuvring.
…..because:
…..because:
1
From the Heavy Fuel Oil bunkertank the fuel
is led to the settling tank.
2 Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
In the settling tank the fuel is drained off after it
has been separated from water and impurities.
3
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the settling tank the fuel is first led through a
purifier and then through a separator.
4
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the separator the fuel enters the
daily service tank.
5 Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
There are two daily service tanks:
one to preheat the fuel,the other to purify the fuel.
6
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the daily service tank the fuel is pumped to
a heater by the booster pump.
7 Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the heater the HFO is passed through a
separator,
8
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
A fuel strainer preheats and filters the fuel.
9
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the fuel strainer the oil is led to the
low pressure fuel pumps in the engine.
10
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
Diesel oil is used for manoeuvring and is stored
in three daily service tanks.
11
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
After the DO has been pumped up from the
bunkertank,it is passed through a purifier.
12 Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
From the purifier the DO enters the settling tank.
13
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
14
From the DO service tank the fuel is led through
a separator,heater,viscosity controller and
strainer to the fuel pumps in the engine.
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
A mixing tank is used to drain off water and
impurities from the fuel.
15
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
Mixing
tank
The hot fuel fumes can escape through the
air vent into the mixing tank.
sound 16
…..because:
Engine
Fuel pumps
HFO HFO MDOSettling tank
Mixing
tank
1.8 Bilge and ballast
? The essentials of the bilge and ballast system are
simple,
? They consist of a bilge main in the engine room
which is connected to one or more pumps and,
also to the hole,tunnel and machinery space
bilges by suitably placed valves; the pumps
discharge overboard,
? A ballast main is similarly connected to a pump,
the sea and to ballast tanks; the pump discharging
overboard or to deep and peak tanks through the
ballast main,
1.8 Bilge and ballast
? In practice the use of oil fuel with the attendant
need to retain the oil when discharging overboard,
the need to provide adequate services in the event
of breakdown or casualty without unreasonable
duplication and to avoid accidental flooding,
have all given rise to some elaboration of the
system,Figure 1.7 is a diagrammatic
arrangement showing bilge,ballast and oil-fuel
filling.
Figure 1.7 diagram of bilge,
ballast and oil fuel filling
