76 5i5^ ?)etQ 5i5^5a fY úIq 7?zXY??<?j@et-??@ 2 ?2ù ?t@-??Y ?)et -a?pT@ ?mQ-à? UY￠Ge)?óY ?)etù , - 5i5^5b ?è 1. % ?¤= ? ?XeàY?±p?jY_ ?Xet?óYeà% ?\r4\ % ?¤ù,Y ?)etQ? - ? ?Xeàj 3 ′ – ′eà? 2. ?X? ? _\rQ % ?¤YX?etqeà??Y? ?? · l4\ 1000kVA? - 3. ?¤= ??p?jY % ?¤=?\r4\  ?ù,Y ?) etQ? - 4. eU ?)? ? 3 ′eU? MVA? = √ — 3 × X?eà? kV? × ?)et? kA? 5. eU?¤= _eU ?)? ?Q {QY?¤=? · l_eb?! 8?t?J8?pár 3 ′eUp4\ X/R a?è ? 1000MVA q X/R=25?8 NEMA. AB1?? - 6. e ú*\et e ú7 ?p4 ? ? úY*\t ?[ ?)?p4 ó?< ?)etY#}a o -?e úYetB¤@ 2 <ˉ ? ? 3 ′e)Y ?)et?? - 7. e ú?¤ TB¤Ye úY? ??¤ -?~ à?? ?′ Y TB¤Ye ú ??~ à???pI % ?¤=q X/R = ??? 25% q 6?8 NEMA. AB1?? - 8. eU??¤ eU? Z L ?q à?? Z T ?qe ú? Z M ?Y?¤h ?q - 3 ′eUY??¤? ?Xeà % ?¤= = ? ? ?jYeà% × 100 (%) Z L + Z T + Z M (Z L + Z T ) ? Z M (Z s ) = (%?) 9. ?)et ? ?? ?? MCCB ?êYù)? ??p ?)etS ?_ù) ?6e Y?¤Q - ? 9.1 ?úIzXYü - 5i5^5c e)??Y?¤q ?e) Q-à ?)et?p } ?eú?e ú?Q ?)? Y?T?¤ ?@ 2 <ˉ?ttòp_e ú ?Y et? ?6 -ù,?hj 5i5^5c5^5a ?¤ 1. eU?¤? Z L ? }eUQ à?S? LY?¤? }eb?!8 ?Y ?)? ??e?]?Q - I?pár 3 ′eUp4q X/R ?è? 1000MVA q X/R=25-!p?4aI4e)?¤? {μp? Z4??á V - 2.  à??¤? Z T ? 4qT)?¤J?? ?)et ?Y e}a o - à? ? ?Y ￡?? à?? ?Y?±pta?4@ 27 l ó ?X? ?=?e4\???p?7 ló?? =? - ? 9.1  à?YJè?¤=p4A?ˉ à? ?¤J]?4\ - 3. e ú*\etq?¤? Z M ? ˉyG 3 ′< ?)et?p@ 2 <S(?je ú ?Y? etpe ú?¤_?rúèq? ? p (árJèY De úp % ?¤?_ 25%p X/R _ 6- ?)eta??e ú? ?qQ: ?)??Y ?¤t#} · l? ?h? ? ￡ - a. <B¤et??óJ8S(r à??Y Se ú - b. e úB¤Y<i? VA???ó~ à?Y? ?′ ?C4??j0}? -tòp apq? ? ??? 0.9ta?p? {QYe úB¤i ò? à?? ?Y 80%- c. Se úY % ?¤??ó? 25%p X/R ? 6- 77 ? 9.2 ?T?¤ e¤=? mW/m? eYé? e?= 50Hz 60Hz ? mm 2 ??m?/m? 2 ?D 3 ? ?eY ?eY 2 ?D 3 ? ?eY ?eY eY ? Dd ?? ? 6cm d ?? eY ? Dd ?? ? 6cm d ?? 1.5 12.10 0.1076 0.1576 0.2963 0.1292 0.1891 0.3555 2.5 7.41 0.1032 0.1496 0.2803 0.1238 0.1796 0.3363 4.0 4.61 0.0992 0.1390 0.2656 0.1191 0.1668 0.3187 6.0 3.08 0.0935 0.1299 0.2527 0.1122 0.1559 0.3033 10.0 1.83 0.0873 0.1211 0.2369 0.1048 0.1453 0.2843 16.0 1.15 0.0799 0.1043 0.2138 0.0959 0.1251 0.2565 25.0 0.727 0.0793 0.1014 0.2000 0.0952 0.1217 0.2400 35.0 0.524 0.0762 0.0964 0.1879 0.0915 0.1157 0.2254 50.0 0.387 0.0760 0.0924 0.1774 0.0912 0.1109 0.2129 70.0 0.268 0.0737 0.0893 0.1669 0.0884 0.1072 0.2001 95.0 0.193 0.0735 0.0867 0.1573 0.0882 0.1040 0.1888 120.0 0.153 0.0720 0.0838 0.1498 0.0864 0.1006 0.1798 150.0 0.124 0.0721 0.0797 0.1427 0.0865 0.0956 0.1712 185.0 0.0991 0.0720 0.0806 0.1356 0.0864 0.0967 0.1627 240.0 0.0754 0.0716 0.0818 0.1275 0.0859 0.0982 0.1530 300.0 0.0601 0.0712 0.0790 0.1195 0.0854 0.0948 0.1434 400.0 0.0470 – 0.0777 0.1116 – 0.0932 0.1339 500.0 0.0366 – 0.0702 0.1043 – 0.0843 0.1252 630.0 0.0283 – 0.0691 0.0964 – 0.0829 0.1157 !j 1. e?=25P IEC60228 2. e¤=2 ìj L(mH/km) = 0.05 + 0.4605log 10 D/r? D=?^4?p r=?°? 3. 4\ Dd ?e¤= MCCB ?5P5i5^5a etQ\ ?)? eU  ?  ?L ??J YT ? MCCB  ? YT)? ¤? ] -? MCCB  ?L ??J?T? MCCB  ? YT)? ¤? ] -? 4. T)qNT?M?¤? Z W p Z B ? ? 9.2 ￠G ?T?ìY ?¤=p? 9.3  ?M?¤= - a?￠? YJ??=p??\ % ?¤=ù,p ?@ 2 ZI7 l % ?¤= - 5. I4?¤= Q ?)?Y ·)jYI4?¤T CTq MCCBq ?S ￡ ê   -??]p??yGp(S ? ?? {? á +? - ? 9.1 3 ′ à?Y?¤= ?¤=? %? %R %X 50 1.81 1.31 75 1.78 1.73 100 1.73 1.74 150 1.61 1.91 200 1.63 2.60 300 1.50 2.82 500 1.25 4.06 750 1.31 4.92 1000 1.17 4.94 1500 1.23 5.41 2000 1.13 5.89  à?? ? ? kVA? 5i5^5c5^5b ?e) 1. g′ ?rjáe úY ??p? 9.2 Y ?e)?8Q 3 ′ ?)et -e ú?¤? Z M ???óJ  <eU?¤? Z L ?q à??¤? Z T ?YL ù) ˉ ì"} ?)? ?NTjY±?e) -gH?¤?q {<?¤qe?± ?qe¤± ?j ? 9.3 NT?M?¤ X?et 20°C e? e¤=? m?/m? ? A??m?/m? 50Hz 60Hz 400 0.125 0.0250 0.0300 600 0.114 0.0231 0.0278 800 0.0839 0.0179 0.0215 1000 0.0637 0.0139 0.0167 1200 0.0397 0.0191 0.0230 1500 0.0328 0.0158 0.0190 2000 0.0244 0.0118 0.0141 2500 0.0192 0.0092 0.0110 3000 0.0162 0.0077 0.0092 78 a?pˉ ?? UY￠?Q ?)et?p?? Q Z S =p j￠G?TDNT?MY?¤C -? 9. 4 <eU?¤? Z S ?Yp=p à??¤4\? 9. 1 ?YpüpeU ?)? ?? 1000MVA, X/R ? 25- Z S = = R S + j X S Z L + Z T + Z M (Z L + Z T ) · Z M R S = (R L + R T + R M ) 2 + (X L + X T + X M ) 2 (R L + R T + R M ) {R M (R L + R T ) – X M (X L + X T )} + (X L + X T + X M ) {X M (R L + R T ) + R M (X L + X T )} [ X S = (R L + R T + R M ) 2 + (X L + X T + X M ) 2 (R L + R T + R M ) {X M (R L + R T ) + R M (X L + X T )} – (X L + X T + X M ) {R M (R L + R T ) – X M (X L + X T )} [ ] ] ZM ZB ZW ZL L T B W M ZT ZB ZM ZL ZW ZT ZB ZW Z ZS ?)? ?5P5i5^5b 5c5P′ ?e) ? 9.4 3 ′eUY<?¤  à?? ? ?r 1000kVA Y?¤ ??=? m?? ? kVA??%? 230V 440V 50 33.182 + j26.482 17.553 + j14.009 64.240 + j51.269 75 21.229 + j22.583 11.230 + j11.946 41.099 + j43.720 100 15.473 + j17.109 8.185 + j 9.051 29.956 + j33.123 150 9.56 + j12.389 5.057 + j 6.554 18.508 + j23.985 200 6.977 + j12.15 3.691 + j 6.427 13.507 + j23.522 300 4.306 + j 8.795 2.278 + j 4.653 8.336 + j17.027 500 2.089 + j 7.27 1.105 + j 3.846 4.044 + j14.074 750 1.427 + j 5.736 0.755 + j 3.034 2.763 + j11.104 1000 0.969 + j 4.336 0.513 + j 2.294 1.876 + j 8.394 1500 0.671 + j 3.142 0.355 + j 1.662 1.299 + j 6.083 2000 0.467 + j 2.544 0.247 + j 1.346 0.904 + j 4.925 !j 1. <eU?¤ 2. ár 230V ?.YT)eà? E'?p Z??=1? Z S = Z L + Z T + Z M (Z L + Z T )Z M () 230 2 E' 79 5i5^5d ?)etY±ó _ ?) ?Yeà′ qe) ap??Y\t et ??? 9.3? Zì ˉtt ?)etj - ( μH\tó± ? ˉ {?p?\? MCCB D-?   ÷ où)??p@ 2yG\tó± -tòpe) Yú ?b6aQ e} ? ?)etYB¤ta?p ? )et±ó?hGH ?±j 1. RMS áH ?)et? I s ? μJ? <\tó±Y=tJ? 9.3 Y A s /√ — 2 - 2. RMS ?áH ?)et? I as ? μJ <\tó±Y= -4Y?è?j _?p?\tó± ó e?=?Cj θ – ? = ± 2 π p ? )?Yeà′ ? θpe) ap? ???p I as p Zˉ ?) ?[§ 2 1 t ??ó? e}pQì?hj ˉ?p K 1 J ′ e}?áH?pp I as ?_?áH= qe) apQ -ˉ 3 ′e)?pa? ? ·?￠ ′Yeà′ ??p?? I as pJ μu -?ˉ 2 1 t ?§_ μ,=Y;i=8Q 3 ′;i?áH ?) etp? {Q?h??ìj K p 3.0 2.0 1.0 K 1 K 3 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 20 10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 R X Kp K1 K3 ?5P5i5^5d ?)et·p I as = I s · 1 + 2e = I s · K 1 , that is: K 1 = 1 + 2e x 2πR – x 2πR – Cj Cj K 3 J_ }áH=qe) apQY?áH?p - 3. ?áH ?)etY¤= μH=?? 9.3 Y I p ?_?r ?)? D?Y′ q e) apt θ = 0 ?? e} -4 Zˉ￠G ?1q ? ) ?[§ ω t H11382 2 π + ? ?:Q¤= -4? ·\e)  apqáH ?)et8Q - ¤=?áH ?)et?p K p ? ?H? D)? ??pp a? I p H? D) ? ? -a?pˉ￠G ?1hp?áH ??·p? }áH=qe) apQ { - μ ,·p?? 9.4 ?j - I as = I s · { 1 + 2e e+ 2 1 + } = I s · K 3 x 2πR – x 2πR – 3 1 2 1 K 3 = { 1 + 2e e+ 2 1 + } x 2πR – x 2πR – 3 1 2 1 I p = I s [1 + sin?·e ] = I s · K p 2 π x R –(+ ?)· thus: K p = 2 [1 + sin?·e] 2 π x R –(+ ?)· a?j ?5P5i5^5c ?)et As As Ip Ad 1 ?2 t ? K1: ′ e}?áH?p K3: 3 ′?áH?p Kp: D)? ??p  ap 2 A s I as = ) 2 + A d 2 ( 80 5i5^5e Qé7 ? 9.5ê4\Y ì I as = K 3 · I s .......................Eq. 4 I S = .................................. M3 · Z V Z = · %Z × 10 –2 ?........................ P V 2 %Z = · Z × 100%...................... V 2 P %Z = × 100...... %Z = × ............................................ (4.11 + j24.66) × Z = ............. Z = () 2 .......................................... I S = × 100 ................. M3 · V · %Z P %Z = × 100 ........................ V/M3 I B · Z P = M3 · V · I B ............................... = × 100 ............................. %Z I B K3 = { 1 + 2e e+ 2 1 + } × 2πR – × 2πR – 3 1 2 1 ??,% ?¤=, ê! 3 ′ ?¤ ì 1 ì 2 ì 3 ì 1' ì 2' ì 10 ì 9 ì 11 ì 13 ì 12 ì 14 L? Is :3 ′ ?)et?A, sym? V:T ?eà?V? Z:e)?¤? ′ó±p?? Ias :3 ′ ?)et?A, asym.? P: ?X? ??3 ′ó±pVA? %Z:e)Y % ?¤? ′ó±p%? IB : ?Xet?A? K3 :3 ′?áH?p ì 4 a71ì 2 _ì 1q1' q 2' ?- a71ì 3 _ì 1 q 1' ?- a71a?ì 1 ?_ì 2 q 12 ?p? ? % ?¤,Y Is ?a ?X? ?o? YB¤- a71 3 ′?Y ′ ?)et? 3 ′ ?)et Y √ — 3 /2 4-_?p3 ′e)? ·@ 3 ′ ?)etè- a71 }?±p7 ló??= ˉ?pP ? a? %Z Y? ?- a71 }S? ?QYeU?¤ ?S?eà? 2 ?)? ? a71 }Z? ?QYeU?¤ S? eU ?¤ × Z?eà S?eà a71 }??=7 ló?±a  a717 lóá ?X? ?Y %Z eU?¤j  à??¤qe ú?¤ ?X? ? ?)? ? eU?¤ ?? ? ?? ?hY %Z a71ì 9 q 12 _ì 1' q 2'qì 3' q 4' ? - a71a?eU?¤ˉ ?)? ???è? 100%p??ì 13 ?Yá ?X? ?Y 7 l- a71eU ?)etJ]?pár 3 ′eUp ?¤?* 0.0040+j0.0999 (%)pár ′eUp?¤?* 0.0080+j0.1998 (%) ?? 9.6?- a71\ì 14 Ze úq à?Y?¤ }? ? ?Y %Z 7 ló ?X? ?Y %Z- a71ì 14 e ú?¤? ? ? 9.6-? ?X? ? ?? ? 5i5^5e5^5a Qù, ??où,pfYJ {′ár ?)?Y<?¤- 4\?êY?±pD??=′DY ·\,?S- 1. % ?¤, μGù,?rQ<=p% jH9?¤Cp4 \ à??úT@7 l- a??¤?J á=p ?r ?X? ?Y ?X=@ 2/ ???- ?X? ? · l4\ 1000kVAta?pá à ?? ?Y % ?¤=q_eU ?)? ?_ {Y % ?¤ =q?Te ú?¤=i@ 27 l? ?r 1000kVA Y pü?ì 13 qì 14?-tòp??? Y?Tq NT?M?¤@ 27 ló % ?¤=?ì 12?- 2.??, ˉ?? U?YS???Q ?)et?pa??? ?1Y?TqNTM8Y?¤??p4\??,a0 ù?-7?p?<eU?¤?Z s ?J?*??= YpQ ?)???Y<?¤?% Z?= ˉ~e ULY?TqNTM8j-ár 3 ′eUY<?¤ ?Z s ?p k? 9.4??j ?rzX à?YQ? ?5ae ú?¤;r Z s t m8Y?-Q- 5i5^5e5^5b Q7 1. 3 ′e) ár? 9.5 ? S ?Y ?)8-p ?e)?? 9.6 ? j-3 ′ ?)et?\ % ?¤,D??,Qp? ? 9.6 ?j- 81 ? 9.6 Q7j 3 ′ ?)et ?5P5i5^5f ?e)?5P5i5^5e e)?ó Z L = × 100 = 0.1 (%) 1000 × 10 6 1000 × 10 3 Z T = (1.23 + j5.41) × = 0.82 + j3.607 (%) 1500 × 10 3 1000 × 10 3 Z M = (4.11 + j24.66) × = 3.42 + j20.55 (%) 1500 × 10 3 × 0.8 1000 × 10 3 Z S = = 0.671 + j3.142 (%) Z L + Z T + Z M (Z L + Z T )Z M Z W = (0.0601 + j0.079) × 10 –3 × 10 × 100 = 0.310 + j0.408 (%) 440 2 1000 × 10 3 Z = Z S + Z W = 0.981 + j3.550 = 3.683 (%) 0.1 = R L 2 + (25R L ) 2 = 25.02R L Z L = R L + jX L = 0.0040 + j0.0999 (%) I s = = 35.622 (A) × 100 M3 × 440 ×3.683 1000 × 10 3 Z L = = 0.0436 (?) 1000 × 10 6 (6600) 2 Z L = (1.741 + j43.525) × 2 ( ) 6600 440 ZL = × 100 × 10 –2 × 10 3 = 0.1936 (m?) 1000 × 10 6 440 2 ZT = × (1.23 + j5.41) × 10 –2 (?) = 1.2906 + j6.9825 (m?) 1500 × 10 3 440 2 ZM = × (4.11 + j24.66) × 10 –2 (?) = 6.6294 + j39.7847 (m?) 1500 × 10 3 × 0.8 440 2 Z S = = 1.299 + j6.083 (m?) Z L + Z T + Z M (Z L + Z T )Z M XL/RL = 25, ZL = 0.0069 + j0.1721 (m?) Z W = (0.0601 + j0.079) × 10 = 0.601 + j0.79 (m?) Z = Z S + Z W = 1.900 + j6.873 = 7.1307 (m?) = 0.00773 + j0.1934 (m?) I s = = 35.622 (A) M3 × 7.1307×10 –3 440 % ?¤, ??, ?eU ?)? ?J]p?è? 1000MVAp XL/RL=25- ˉ 1000kVA ?_? ?hp4\ì 13j a? XL/RL = 25, ?eU ?)? ?J]p?è? 1000MVAp XL/RL=25- _S? ?YeU?¤?ì 10??j a? XL/RL = 25: ZL = 1.741 + j43.525 (m?) 7 lQZ? YeU?¤?ì 11??j !jeU???¤?? ?Qja?4ˉ ?)? ??? 100%pˉ?±a??Y7 l§_ì 9  Q ZLj a?  à??¤ ZT }? 9.1: ZT = 1.23 + j5.42 ˉ7 l ?X? ?? 1000kVA?§4\ì 14j }? 9.1: ZT = 1.23 + j5.41 (%) ˉ?±a7 l??§4\ì 9j e ú ? ZM ?<e ú? ?J]p ??~ à?? ?′ (4\j %ZM = 25 (%) XM/RM = 6 ˉ ?X? ?? 1000kVA?h4\ì 14j ?<e ú? ?J]p ??~ à?? ?′?(4 \j %ZM = 25(%) XM/RM = 6 ZM = 4.11 + j24.66 ZM = 4.11 + j24.66 (%) ˉ?±a??7 l§p4\ì 9j <eU?¤ ZS ? R q X 2 K 9.3.2 ·Q -? T)?¤ T)?¤ ZW ? R q X 2 K 9.3.2 ·Q -? Z? 9.2 Y=1? 10M YT?(7 l 1000kVA ?Xp 4\ì 12j Z? 9.25PY=1? 10M YT? - <?¤ Z 3 ′ ?)áHe) IS 4\ì 2j 4\ì 1j 1500kVA 10m M ZL ZM ZW ZT 3 ′ 50Hz 6.6kV/440V ?T 300mm 2 ?)? S ?)? S eUe? ZL