电工学答案（秦曾煌）：dg2

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?2.1?èE1i ó¤￥?rMD.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3
?2.1.15.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3
?2.1.25.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4
?2.1.35.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4
?2.1.55.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5
?2.1.65.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
?2.1.75.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
?2.1.85.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7
?2.3?è÷￥
?
?#?rMD.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8
?2.3.15.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8
?2.3.25.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9
?2.3.45.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9
?2.4?|
^è
@E.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,10
?2.4.15.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,10
?2.4.25.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,11
?2.5?2?èaE.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,12
?2.5.15.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,12
?2.5.25.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,13
?2.5.35.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,14
?2.6??F? ?.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,14
?2.6.15.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,14
?2.6.25.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,15
?2.6.35.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,16
?2.6.45.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,18
?2.7?z?
2? ?D
v? ?.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,19
?2.7.15.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,19
?2.7.25.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,19
?2.7.55.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20
?2.7.75.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,21
?2.7.85.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,22
?2.7.95.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,22
?2.7.105.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,23
?2.7.115.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,24
1
List of Figures
152.1.1m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3
252.1.2m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4
352.1.3m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4
452.1.5m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
552.1.7m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7
652.1.8m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7
752.3.1m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8
852.3.2m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9
952.3.4m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9
1052.4.1m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,10
1152.4.2m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,11
1252.5.1m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,13
1352.5.2m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,13
1452.5.3m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,14
1552.6.1m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,15
1652.6.2m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,16
1752.6.3m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,17
1852.6.4m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,18
1952.6.4m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,18
2052.7.1m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,19
2152.7.2m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20
2252.7.5m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20
2352.7.7m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,21
2452.7.8m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,22
2552.7.9m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,23
2652.7.10m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,23
2752.7.11m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,24
2
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2.1èèèEEE111iii ó ó 󤤤￥￥￥???rrrMMMDDD
2.1.1
m1
U￥è
^?
E = 6V
R1 = 6?
R2 = 3?
R3 = 4?
R4 =
3?
R5 = 1?

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bR1R4i ó7a
DR31 ó
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@
I = E
R5 +
R2(R3 + R1R4R
1 +R4
)
R2 +(R3 + R1R4R
1 +R4
)
= 6
1+
3￡(4+ 6￡36+3)
3+(4+ 6￡36+3)
= 2A
7a?¨s
@
T¤I3I4
I3 = R2
R2 +R3 + R1R4R
1 +R4
I = 3
3+4+ 6￡36+3
￡2A = 23A
I4 =? R1R
1 +R4
I3 =? 66+3 ￡ 23A =?49A
I4￥
L=Z_Dm?￥? IZ_MQb
3
2.1.2
μBí÷=
èE?
[m2

a
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YV
L?¤
?U = 10V
H
I =
2A
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m2:52.1.2m
?5i
9èE1
R = UI = 102? = 5?
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b

Ub
2.1.3
m3?
R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = 300?
R5 = 600?

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m3:52.1.3m
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R1DR31 óaDR5i ó
R2DR41 óa9DR5i ó
#
4
μ
Rab = R5==(R1 +R3)==(R2 +R4)
= 11
600 +
1
300+300 +
1
300+300
= 200?
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H
5μ
Rab = [(R1==R2)+(R3==R4)]==R5
= 11
R5 +
1
R1R2
R1 +R2 +
R3R4
R3 +R4
= 11
600 +
1
300￡300
300+300 +
300￡300
300+300
= 200?
2.1.5
[m4(a)]
U
^B
hè
^

μ
1?b?
{?èaU1 = 16V
H

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a?
U2a = U1 = 16V
b?
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5p?rèER0[nm4(d)(c)]
R0 = (45+5)￡5:5(45+5)+5:5? = 27555:5? = 5?
]" V¤R00 = 5?b
?
^?m4(b) VpU2b
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U2b = U145+5 ￡5 = 1650 ￡5V = 1:6V
c?
?m4(c) VpU2c
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U2c = U2b45+5 ￡5 = 1:650 ￡5V = 0:16V
d?
?m4(d) VpU2d
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U2d = U2c45+5 ￡5 = 0:1650 ￡5V = 0:016V
5
m4:52.1.5m
2.1.6
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Uè
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^?èêF?￥saè
^
èê￥èERP = 270?


H￥1 óèER1 = 350?
R2 = 550?b
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{?èaU1 = 12V

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?phê?RPK/
H
U2|Kl′
U2min = R2R
1 +R2 +RP
U1
= 550350+550+270 ￡12
= 5:64V
?phê?RPK

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U2|Kv′
U2max = R2 +RPR
1 +R2 +RP
U1
= 550+270350+550+270 ￡12
= 8:41V
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5:64? 8:41Vb
2.1.7
k¨
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6
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m5:52.1.7m
ó?aè
^?m5
Ub
I = 6?(?6)(1+10+1)￡103 = 1￡10?3A = 1mA
?á?(hMa?
U = [(10+1)￡103 ￡1￡10?3?6]V = 5V
?á?(hMb?
U = (1￡103 ￡1￡10?3?6)V =?5V
2.1.8
m6
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à
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bKP
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#Uab = E = +6V
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m7:52.3.1m
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@VèER1￥è
@1I3
I3 = I2?I1 = (2?1)A = 1A
(1) ?Xè
@÷1
U1 = R1I3 = 20￡1V = 20V
P1 = U1I1 = 20￡1W = 20W (|¨)
y1è
@V\+"
@?
#1μb
(2) ?Xè
@÷2
U2 = R1I3 +R2I2 = (20￡1+10￡2)V = 40V
P2 = U2I2 = 40￡2W = 80W (?)
y1è
@V\+"
@
#1è÷b
(3)èER1
PR1 = R1I23 = 20￡12W = 20W
(4)èER2
PR2 = R2I22 = 10￡22W = 40W
n?
q
ü

80W = 20W +20W +40W
8
m8:52.3.2m
2.3.2
9
m8(a)?￥è
@I3b
[333]
9
'5?¨èa÷Dè
@÷?rMDK1ZL
MDa￥è
^?m8(b)
Ub?N¤
I = 2+11+0:5+1A = 32:5A = 1:2A
I3 = 1:22 A = 0:6A
2.3.4
9
m9?￥èaU5b
[333]
m9:52.3.4m
R1;2;3 = R1 + R2R3R
2 +R3
= (0:6+ 6￡46+4)? = 3?
|U1R1;2;3DU4R4?1è
@÷
?m9(a)
Ub
9
|m9(a)e1m9(b)
Ub?
IS = IS1 +IS2 = (5+10)A = 15A
R0 = R1;2;3R4R
1;2;3 +R4
= 3￡0:23+0:2? = 316?
I5 = R0R
0 +R5
IS =
3
16
3
16 +1
￡15A = 4519A
U5 = R5I5 = 1￡ 4519V = 2:37V
2.4|||
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2.4.1
m10
^

?èi ó?￥è
^bX?E1 = 230V
R01 = 0:5?
E2 =
226V
R02 = 0:3?
μèERL = 5:5?

ksY¨|
^è
@E2?èaE
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^è
@b
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m10:52.4.1m
10
(1)¨|
^è
@E
I1 +I2 = IL
E1 = R01I1 +RLIL
E2 = R02I2 +RLIL
|X?
}?i3-
¤
I1 = 20A;I2 = 20A;IL = 40A
(2)¨2?èaE
U =
E1
R01 +
E2
R02
1
R01 +
1
R02 +
1
RL
=
230
0:5 +
226
0:3
1
0:5 +
1
0:3 +
1
5:5
V = 220V
I1 = E1?UR
01
= 230?2200:5 A = 20A
I2 = E2?UR
02
= 226?2200:3 A = 20A
IL = UR
L
= 2205:5A = 40A
2.4.2
k¨|
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Uè
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qμèERL|¨￥?
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10:8?0:4?b
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m11:52.4.2m
(1)¨|
^è
@E9
'5?μ
1?|
^è
@
?B?
^X?￥
#
??Z?' V
'
120?0:8I1 +0:4I2?116 = 0
120?0:8I1?4I = 0
11
I1 +I2 +10?I = 0
3-
¤
I1 = 9:38A
I2 = 8:75A
I = 28:13A
(2)¨2?èaE9
Uab =
120
0:8 +
116
0:4 +10
1
0:8 +
1
0:4 +
1
4
V = 112:5V
7a?ò|
^è
@￥? IZ_?¨μ÷è
^￥
x
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p Vp¤
I1 = 120?112:50:8 A = 9:38A
I2 = 116?112:50:4 A = 8:75A
I = UabR
L
= 112:54 A = 28:13A
(3)9
?
q
??è÷￥
{?
qsY1
P1 = 112:5￡9:38W = 1055W
P2 = 112:5￡8:75W = 984W
P3 = 112:5￡10W = 1125W
P1 + P2 +P3 = (1055+984+1125)W = 3164W
μèERL|¨￥?
q1
P = 112:5￡28:13W = 3164W
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2.5.1
k¨2?èaEpm12
Uè
^?￥ò|
^è
@b
[333]
12
m12:52.5.1m
UO0O =
25
50 +
100
50 +
25
50
1
50 +
1
50 +
1
50
V = 50V
Ia = 25?5050 A =?0:5A
Ib = 100?5050 A = 1A
Ic = 25?5050 A =?0:5A
IaIc￥
L=Z_Dm?￥? IZ_MQb
2.5.2
¨2?èaE9
m13
Uè
^?A?￥èêb
[333]
m13:52.5.2m
13
VA =
50
10 +
50
5
1
50 +
1
5 +
1
20
V =?14:3V
2.5.3
è
^?m14(a)
U

k¨2?èaEpèERL
￥èaU
i9
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m14:52.5.3m
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D16V ?Xèa÷i ó￥8?è
E"?

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i??YèERL
￥èaU
?"ea￥è
^?m14(b)
U
?N¤
U =
4+ 164
1
4 +
1
4 +
1
8
V = 12:8V
9
?Xè
@÷￥?
q
H
?
"?4?èE

èaU4 = 4￡4V = 16V
i
?N V¤ ?Xè
@÷
èaUS = U4 + U = (16 + 12:8)V = 28:8Vb ?Xè
@÷
￥?
q51
PS = 28:8￡4W = 115:2W

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2.6???FFF??? ? ? ?
2.6.1
m15?
(1)?| 71Sa?
H
pè
@I1aI2I3
(2)?| 71S
b?
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14
m15:52.6.1m
(1)?| 71Sa?
H
?¨2?èaE9


U =
130
2 +
120
2
1
2 +
1
2 +
1
4
V = 100V
I1 = 130?1002 A = 15A
I2 = 120?1002 A = 10A
I3 = 1004 A = 25A
(2)?| 71Sb?
H
?¨?Fe ?9
bm15(b)?
^20Vè÷??
T¨
H￥è
^
?òè
@1
I01 = 42+4 ￡6A = 4A
I02 = 20
2+ 2￡42+4
A = 6A
I03 = 22+4 ￡6A = 2A
130V120V
?è÷
]T¨

20Vè÷"?

H￥òè
@'1(1)?￥
è
@
?
^¤
I1 = (15?4)A = 11A
I2 = (10+6)A = 16A
I3 = (25+2)A = 27A
2.6.2
è
^?m16(a)
U
E = 12V
R1 = R2 = R3 = R4
Uab = 10Vb?| ?X
15
èa÷"?a[m16(b)]

kù?
HUab??

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[333]
m16:52.6.2m
|m16(a)s1m16(b)m16(c)
??F￥è
^
5?μ
Uab = U0ab +U00ab
y
U00ab = R3R
1 +R2 +R3 +R4
E = 14 ￡12V = 3V
#
U0ab = (10?3)V = 7V
2.6.3
?¨?Fe ?9
m17(a)
Uè
^?ò|
^￥è
@òíq

è÷èE


￥èa
i
a
ü?
q
ü1"b
[333]
(1)pò|
^è
@
èa÷??T¨
H[m17(b)]
I02 = I04 = ER
2 +R4
= 101+4A = 2A
I03 = ER
3
= 105 A = 2A
I0E = I02 +I03 = (2+2)A = 4A
16
m17:52.6.3m
è
@÷??T¨
H[m17(c)]
I002 = R4R
2 +R4
IS = 41+4 ￡10A = 8A
I004 = R2R
2 +R4
IS = 11+4 ￡10A = 2A
I00E = I002 = 8A
I003 = 0
??F
¤
I2 = I02?I002 = (2?8)A =?6A
I3 = I03 +I003 = (2+0)A = 2A
I4 = I04 +I004 = (2+2)A = 4A
IE = I0E?I00E = (4?8)A =?4A
Vn
è
@÷
^è÷
èa÷
^μb
(2)pòíq

￥èa?
q
è
@÷èaUS = R1IS +R4I4 = (2￡10+4￡4)V = 36V
òèEíq
èa V?¨
x
?
pp¤
è
@÷?
qPS = USIS = 36￡10W = 360W (?)
èa÷?
qPE = EIE = 10￡4W = 40W

|¨

èER1?
qPR1 = R1I2S = 2￡102W = 200W (
{)
èER2?
qPR2 = R2I22 = 1￡62W = 36W (
{)
17
èER3?
qPR3 = R3I33 = 5￡22W = 20W (
{)
èER4?
qPR4 = R4I24 = 4￡42W = 64W (
{)
?
üb
2.6.4
m18
U￥
^R?2RT??

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￥
D?

k¨?Fe ?
￡
ü
{
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@I1
I = UR3R￡24(23 +22 +21 +20)
[333]
m18:52.6.4m
m19:52.6.4m
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UR
3R￡2,
UR
3R￡4,
UR
3R￡8,
UR
3R￡16
[
I = UR3R￡21 + UR3R￡22 + UR3R￡23 + UR3R￡24
= UR3R￡24(23 +22 +21 +20)
18
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v
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9
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a? ?m20(b)￥è
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^èaU0

=ER0b
?m20(c)¤
U0 = (4￡10?10)V = 30V
?m20(d)¤
R0 = 4?
[1?èE?￥è
@
I = U0R
0 +1
= 304+1A = 6A
2.7.2
?¨z?
a? ?9
m21?2?èE?￥è
@Ib
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19
m21:52.7.2m
p 7
^èaUab0?rèER0b
Uab0 = Uac +Ucd +Udb = (?1￡2+0+6+3￡ 12?63+6 )V = 6V
R0 = (1+1+ 3￡63+6)? = 4?
?N¤
I = 62+4A = 1A
2.7.5
¨z?
a? ?9
m22(a)
Uè
^?￥è
@Ib
[333]
m22:52.7.5m
(1)¨z?
a? ?|m22(a)1?rè÷
?m22(b)
Ub
20
(2)?m22(c)9
?rè÷￥è?
]E
' 7
^èaU0
U0 = E = (20?150+120)V =?10V
(3)?m22(d)9
?rè÷￥
=ER0
R0 = 0
(4)?m22(b)9
è
@I
I = ER
0 +10
=?1010 A =?1A
2.7.7
m23?
(1)
kpè
@I
(2)9
?Xèa÷ ?Xè
@÷￥?
q
i
a
ü
^|¨￥
^?￥?
qb
[333]
m23:52.7.7m
(1)?¨z?
a? ?9
è
@I
Uab0 = (3￡5?5)V = 10V
R0 = 3?
I = 102+3A = 2A
(2) ?Xèa÷￥è
@?
q
IE = I4?I = (54?2)A =?0:75A
IE￥
L=Z_Dm?MQ

@?èa÷￥\+"

#?èa÷1μb
PE = 5￡0:75W = 3:75W (|¨)
?Xè
@÷￥èa?
q1
US = [2￡5+3(5?2)]V = 19V
PS = 19￡5W = 95W (?)
21
2.7.8
è
^?m24(a)
U

k9
èERL
￥è
@IL
(1)¨z?
a? ?
(2)¨
v
? ?b
[333]
m24:52.7.8m
(1)?¨z?
a? ?pIL
E = Uab0 = U?R3I = (32?8￡2)V = 16V
R0 = R3 = 8?
IL = ER
L +R0
= 1624+8A = 0:5A
(2)?¨
v? ?pIL
IS = IabS = UR
3
I = (328?2)A = 2A
IL = R0R
L +R0
IS = 824+8 ￡2A = 0:5A
2.7.9
è
^?m25(a)
U
?R = 4?
H
I = 2Abp?R = 9?
H
I??

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[333]
üè
^ab[P?s?r1B?èa÷
?m25(b)
U
5¤
I = ER
0 +R
R0?m25(c)p
'
R0 = R2==R4 = 1?
[
E = (R0 +R)I = (1+4)￡2V = 10V
?R = 9?
H
I = 101+9A = 1A
22
m25:52.7.9m
2.7.10
kpm26
Uè
^?￥è
@Ib
[333]
m26:52.7.10m
¨z?
a? ?9
b
(1)pabW￥ 7
^èaU0
a?èêVa V¨2?èaE9
Va =
24
6 +
48
6
1
6 +
1
6 +
1
6
V = 8V
b?èê
Vb =
12
2 +
24
3
1
2 +
1
6 +
1
3
V =?2V
U0 = E = Va?Vb = [8?(?2)]V = 10V
(2)pabW 7
^aW￥?r
=ER0
|èa÷
^a Vn
·H??6?èEi ó
PH2?
6?
3???èE
23
9i ó
7a
?1 ó
'¤
R0 =
0
B@ 1
1
6 +
1
6 +
1
6
+ 11
2 +
1
6 +
1
3
1
CAk? = (2+1)k? = 3k?
(3)pè
@I
I = U0R
0 +R
= 10(3+2)￡103A = 2￡10?3A = 2mA
2.7.11
?M]￥μ÷=
?
NN0 ó2?m27(a)
U
?¤U1 = 4Vb? ó2
?m27(b)
U
5?¤I1 = 1Ab
kp ó2?m27(c)
U
Hè
@I11

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[333]
m27:52.7.11m
μ÷=
?
V¨?rè÷}9
5p?rè÷￥è?
]E
=ER0
(1)?m27(a) V?
μ÷=
?
M?? 7
^
?
^¤ 7
^èa
E = U0 = 4V
(2)?m27(b) V?
μ÷=
?
M??
^
?
^¤
^è
@
I1 = IS = 1A
? 7
^èa
^è
@ Vp?rè÷￥
=E
R0 = EI
S
= 41? = 4?
(3)?
^
?m27(c) Vp¤è
@I1
I1 = 44+1A = 0:8A
24
25