"
"
"
c
c
c
???18ccc°°°
@
@
@×××aaaèèè÷÷÷3
?18.1??
@è
^.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3
?18.1.15.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3
?18.1.25.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3
?18.1.35.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4
?18.1.75.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4
?18.1.85.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5
?18.2?
ro .,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5
?18.2.45.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5
?18.3?°
@×aè÷.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
?18.3.15.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
?18.3.45.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7
?18.3.65.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7
1
List of Figures
1518.1.1m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3
2518.1.7m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4
3518.2.4m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
4518.3.1m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
5518.3.6m.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8
2
18°°°
@
@
@×××aaaèèè÷÷÷
18.1???
@
@
@èèè
^
^
^
18.1.1
m1?X?RL = 80?°
@èaVV￥
1110V
k p(1)°
@è
@
VA￥
 (2)?
@è
@￥Kv′ (3)?
@èaVV1￥
 (4)Ma =Q§
è
@￥μr′b=5￥?_a?-
{?9b
[333]
m1:518.1.1m
(1)
Io = UoR
L
= 11080 A = 1:38A
(2)
Iom = …Io = 3:14￡1:38A = 4:33A
(3)
U1 = Uo0:45 = 1100:45V = 244:4V
(4)
I = 1:57Io = 1:57￡1:38A = 2:16A
18.1.2
??m18.1.1
U￥?M?o?
@è
^?X?Ma =Q§è
@￥μ
r′U = 30VμèERL = 100?
kù(1)
{èa
{è
@￥
ü (
′UoIoò1
$(2) ?è÷èao?§10%=5?
s￥KúQ_èa1
$
[333]
3
(1)
Uo = 0:45U = 0:45￡30V = 13:5V
Io = UoR
L
= 13:5100 A = 0:135A
(2)
UDRM = 1:1p2U = 1:1￡1:414￡30V = 46:7V
18.1.3
??¨??m18.1.3
U￥?M B
T?
@è
^
k9
5b
[333]
(1)
Uo = 0:9U = 0:9￡30V = 27V
Io = UoR
L
= 27100A = 0:27A
(2)
UDRM = 1:1p2U = 1:1￡1:414￡30V = 46:7V
18.1.7
m2
^=a?
@è
^Uo = 2p2U
ks-iSUo￥?b
[sss]
?u???
HD1?YD2??C1$ è?u￥Kv′p2U
?P?
m2:518.1.7m
·μb?uμ??
HD1??D2?YuC1

èaMFb?
Hè÷
BZ
üD2óRLè
@]
HüD2óC2 è ???u￥Kv′p2UC1


èa-b??C1bè
¤ 
èaí
1p2UbyNC2

èa¤
í2p2U
?/?
μN'1RL
￥èaUob?D2??
HC2YVRLb
è?yB?RLE′?vbè
HWè
v
[C2

èaUo
hl
4
'??2p2U′b??Uo'
1Ma =Q ?FèaKv′￥
#?
1=a?
@è
^b
a?
@è
^?
?=5
?
s￥KvQ_èa12p2Uè ?C1￥
0
a?v?p2UC2￥
0a?v?2p2Ub
18.1.8
μBè3è÷?¨ ?M B
T?
@b ?1 pμ°
@èaUo = 20Vμè
@Io = 200A(1)
k pMa  ?
1
 $?? (2)�
@íqb I
n?M
a =Q ?F50
￥a?Ma ￥=Q§è
@1Fv10%b
[333]°??V18.1.1
(1)Ma =Q§Mèa￥μr′1
U = Uo2:34 = 202:34V = 8:55V
I
n?Ma =Q ?F50
￥a?Ma ￥=Q§èa1F
v10%'
U = 1:1￡8:55V = 9:4V
Ma =Q§Mè
@￥μr′1
I = 0:82Io = 0:82￡200A = 164A
?MMa ￥ ?
1
S = 3UI = 3￡9:4￡164V ￠A = 4624:8V ￠A … 4:6kV ￠A
|5kV ￠A ?
￥Ma b
(2)YV
5￥è
@
ü (′1
ID = 13Io = 13 ￡200A = 66:7A
50??
H?
s￥KúQ_èa1
UDRM = 2:45U = 2:45￡9:4V = 23V
Vê¨100Aa50V￥?
@5b
18.2
r
r
rooo   
18.2.4
m3 μ…?RC
ro ￥?
@è
^?X??
@èaU = 6V?1 pμ
{èaUo = 6Vμ
{è
@Io = 100mA
k9
roèERb
[333]
5
m3:518.2.4m
|Uc1 = 1:2U = 1:2￡6V = 7:2V
#R = Uc1?UoI
o
= 7:2?6100￡10?3? = 12?
18.3°°°
@
@
@×××aaaèèè÷÷÷
18.3.1
×a=5×aè
^ ?m4
UX?u = 28:2sin!tVUo = 6VRL =
2k?R = 1:2k?b
k p(1)S1 7S2

H￥UIIZ (2)S1S2 (

H
￥UIIZi
a
üR = 0DZ¤Q
? f ?/è
^
? ×aT¨b
[333]
m4:518.3.1m
(1) S1 7S2
N
Híè ?
ro
UI = 0:9U = 0:9￡ 28:2p2 V = 0:9￡20V = 18V
IR = UI?UoR = 18?61:2￡103A = 10￡10?3A = 10mA
Io = UoR
L
= 62￡103A = 3￡10?3A = 3mA
IZ = IR?Io = (10?3)mA = 7mA
6
(2) S1S2 (
N
H{è ?
ro
UI = 1:2U = 1:2￡20V = 24V
IR = UI?UoR
L
= 24?61:2￡103A = 15￡10?3A = 15mA
Io = 3mA
IZ = IR?Io = (15?3)mA = 12mA
?R = 0yUI = 24V
°¤FUZ16V￥×a5
? v￥Q
_ ,è
@7
P×a5
êbB?7yR = 0è
^
> ?×aT¨b
?|DZQ¤Uo = 0:7Vr??
{6V￥1 pb
18.3.4
è
^ ???m18.3.3
UbX?UZ = 6VR1 = 2k?R2 = 1k?R3 =
2k?U1 = 30VT￥è
@bv"
fl = 50b
k p(1)èa
{S? (2)?UO =
15VRL = 150?
H??5T￥5{
bv ￥
{è
@b
[333]
(1) pèa
{S?
èê9R1??K

UOmin = UZ = 6V
èê9R1??K/
UOmax = R1 +R2R
2
UZ = 2+11 ￡6V = 18V
#Uo￥
{S?16? 18Vb
(2) pT￥5{
bv ￥
{è
@
??RL1R1R2R3?l￥#
IC … Io … UoR
L
= 15150A = 0:1A = 100mA
T￥5{1
PC = UCEIC = (30?15)￡0:1W = 1:5W

bv ￥
{è
@1
IB = ICfl = 10050 mA = 2mA
18.3.6
m5?
k p
{èaUo￥ V?S?1
$
[333]
bv ¤?èa?

{
èê
'W7805￥3
èê]M
{ ?
èêM]7u+ … u?#m?UXX = 5Vb
7
m5:518.3.6m
UOmin = R1 +Rp +R2R
1 +Rp
UXX = 3:3+5:1+3:35:1+3:3 ￡5V = 6:96V
UOmax = R1 +RP +R2R
1
UXX = 3:3+5:1+3:33:3 ￡5V = 17:73V
8
9