Unit Two
Rock and Roll
Lead-in
Vocabulary
Outline
Text Study
Summary
Exercise
Related Information
Rock music emerged during the mid-
1950s to become the major popular
musical form of young audience in the
United States and Western Europe,
Its stylistic scope is too broad to be
encompassed by any single definition;
the only feature common to all rock
music is a heavy emphasis on the beat.
It evolved from jazz and the blues.
Rock’s first superstar was Elvis
Presley,With his country-and-
western background,Presley led the
way for other,rockabilly” (rock plus
hillbilly) artists; with his spasmodic
hip gyrations,he introduced a sexual
suggestiveness that outraged
conservative adults; with his regions
of teenage fans,he brought to rock
the cult of personality and became
the archetype of the rock star as
cultural hero.
Since the 1950s rock music has come
all the way through the renewal of
rock in the 1960s,the Beatles,from
England,the rock music of the 1970s
with much more subdivisions,hard
rock,mellow rock,folk-rock,country-
rock,heavy metal rock,glitter rock,
new wave rock,etc.,and then the
eclectic 1980s when bands became
production oriented partly because of
the sudden explosion of,videos” on
TV screens.
The scope and significance of rock
remains without precedent in the
history of popular music,Beginning as
a minority expression on the fringe of
American society,it developed into a
distinct counterculture during the
1960s,and a decade later had become
a dominant cultural force,affecting
and reflecting the moods of American
youth and weaving itself into the very
fabric of society.
Vocabulary
exactly root musician
develop rough slave
electric ordinary graduate
performance symbol
exactly
exactly = exact + ly
adj,+ ly = adv.
e.g,pure + ly = purely
n,+ ly = adj.
e.g,Love + ly = lovely
root
root,n.:1)cause,central part or base
2) the bottom of plant,usu,in
the ground
v.,to be fixed or unmoving
rot,(food) go bad
musician
-ian,a person who
e.g,musician
-ist,a person who
e.g,scientist
-er,-or,a person who
e.g,teacher
develop
develop + ment =development
v,+ ment = n.
e.g,invest + ment = investment
rough
rough
smooth
slave
slave
slavery
electric
electric,an electric machine,light etc,
works using electricity
electrical,related to or connected with
electricity
ordinary
ordinary,common,not unusual or
different in any way
graduate
graduate student,研究生
exchange student,国际交换学生
performance
performance,act,behavior
perform (v.),act
symbol
1) someone or something that people think of
as representing a particular quality or idea
e.g,Space exploration provides a symbol of
national pride.
2) a picture or shape that has a particular
meaning or represents an idea
e.g,The dove is a symbol of peace.
Cf,sign,a thing that shows that sb./sth,Is
present or exists,or that sth,May happen
e.g,The doctor listened to the old man’s heart,
but she could find no sign of life.
Outline
Paras.1-4,Development of Rock and Roll
music.
A,roots,interaction between the black
African and the white European music.
B,development,appearance of the two new
forms of music.
C,formation,coming into being with the
birth of the phonograph and the electric
guitar.
Para.5,King of Rock and Roll.
Para.6,Life story of Elvis Priesly and his
influence on American culture.
Rock and Roll
It is difficult to say exactly how the
music we call,rock” and,roll” began,Its
roots go back to many different countries
and many different kinds of music and
musicians.
Rock music developed mainly from the
interaction of black African and white
European music,The Europeans and African
slaves who came to America during the
seventeenth century each had their own
different kinds of music,Black Africans
used heavy drumbeats,a rough singing voice,
and the calling of a melody and answer of a
chorus,The white Europeans,mostly English
and Scots,used a stronger melody,a less
heavy beat,and instruments such as guitars,
horns,and fiddles,The history of rock and
roll is the history of how rock developed
from these two traditions.
From the seventeenth to the twentieth
century,musicians in the southern United
States developed two new forms of music:
the the blues,usually played by blacks,and
country music,played by whites,Black
musicians sang the blues accompanied by a
guitar,This music was similar to work songs:
stories of troubles and pain,with lines that
were repeated several times,The words
,rock and roll” probably came from the
black churches in the South,where people
sang spiritual music and danced to the
strong rhythms,which they called,rocking
and reeling”,At the same time,whites were
playing country music,which was mostly
traditional dancing music and slow songs
that told sad stories,The singers were
accompanied by string instruments such as
fiddles and guitars.
During this time blues and country
musicians had some influence on each other,
but the influence grew stronger after
phonograph records became popular in the
late nineteenth century,The birth of the
electric guitar changed country and blue
music in the 1940’s,The sound of the
electric guitar would become the sound of
rock and roll,No one thinks of early rock
and roll without thinking of Elvis Presley,
the,King of Rock and Roll”,Elvis was an
ordinary boy,He grew up poor,learned to
sing in church,and became a truck driver
when he graduated from high school.
No one thought that this young man with
the guitar would change popular culture.
But after he recorded two blues songs in
Memphis,everything changed,He sang
throughout the South,and teenagers went
crazy over his amazing voice and his
attractive performances,His music was an
exiting mixture of white country and black
blues,With his long hair and tight pants,he
became a teenage idol,In two years,he
was a national phenomenon.
Elvis’s career then went downhill,He
went into the army,then stopped
performing and made a series of bad
movies,He continued to record,but his
music rarely had the life of his early songs.
He remained the symbol of rock and roll,
however,not only in the United States but
also around the world,He died in 1977,at
the age of 42,but his music did not die
with him,Rock music continues to develop
and change,but the heart and soul of rock
is the same heart and soul that Elvis
expressed.
Its roots go back to many different
countries and……
Its origins can be found in
many different countries and ……
go back to,trace back
Rock music developed mainly from the
interaction of black African and white
European music.
Rock music grew mainly from the
process by which black African music
and white European music have an
effect on each other.
develop,to grow over a period of time
into a better or more complete form
e.g,1)Blossoms develop from buds.
2)Her friendship with him
developed slowly.
interaction,a process by which two or
more things have an effect on each
other and work together
e.g,the interaction of the tones of
demand and supply
c.f,the degree of interaction between
teacher and student
…and instruments such as guitars,
horns,and fiddles.
Such as,here is used to give examples
of,instruments”
e.g,That sum of money is to cover
costs such as travel and
accommodation.
…of how rock evolved from these
two traditions.
…of how rock developed gradually from
these two traditions
evolve,to develop or change by
degrees
e.g,1)A new industry evolved from the
invention of the television.
2)The simple plan evolved into a
complicated scheme.
two new forms of music
The two new forms of music refer
to the blues and country music.
Black musicians sang the blues
accompanied by a guitar.
While black musicians sang the blues
they themselves or someone else played
a guitar.
Accompany:
11) to play supporting music
e.g,(1)The singer was accompanied at
the piano by Tom.
(2)Miss Li accompanied Mr,Wang on
the piano.
(3)The singers were accompanied by
string instruments such as fiddles
and guitars.
2) go with someone
e.g,She asked me to accompany her to
the church.
This music was similar to work
songs……
This music and work songs had features that
were the same.
Be similar to,to be nearly alike ; have the same
features.
e.g,1)Gold is similar in color to brass.
2)This suit is similar to our uniforms in
colour.
Work songs,songs people sang while they were
working.
come from
come from,to have started,been produced
or first existed in a particular place,thing
or time
e.g,1)The term may come from a French
word.
2)The passage she quoted came from
Dickens.
3)Where do you come from?
spiritual music
music relating to people’s religious
beliefs
mostly
mostly,mainly
e.g.1)They’re mostly teenagers,I think.
2)The story seemed to be mostly
true.
3)In the smaller villages,it’s mostly
very quiet at night.
have an influence on/upon
have an influence on/upon, to have an
effect on
e.g,1) His advice had an influence on my
choice.
2)Television has a strong influence on
people.
popular
(someone,something,some ideas,etc.)
enjoyed,liked,approved of,etc.,by a
lot of people.
e.g,1)The Tower of London is the most
popular tourist attraction in Britain.
2) Prof,Lee has always been popular
with the students.
in the late nineteenth
century
“late” means,near to the end of a
period of time (or an event)”
e.g,1) late summer/spring
2)I think he’s in his late twenties.
no one thinks of early rock and roll
without thinking of Elvis Presley,the
“King of Rock and Roll”.
When people think of early rock and roll,
they will naturally think of Elvis Presley,
the,King of Rock and Roll”.
No……without(V-ing) is used to emphasizes
the fact that people always associate early
rock and roll with Elvis Presley.
e.g,No study of the United States would be
complete without a discussion of
immigrants because America is a nation of
immigrants.
He grew up poor…when he
graduated from high school
grow up,to develop from being a child to
being an adult
e.g,What do you want to be when you grow
up?
Cf,1)Trading settlements grew up along the
river.u
2)The city grew up originally as a crossing
point on the river.
crazy
widely excited; enthusiastic
e.g,The kids went crazy when Michael
Jackson appeared.
Cf,1) You must be crazy to go walking
in such awful weather.
2) You’re crazy to agree to buy it
without seeing it.
go
(used as a link verb) to be,become (usu,
related to something bad)
e.g,1) Has anything gone wrong with
your car?
2) Milk tends to go sour in hot
weather.
3) He must have gone mad.
So,go crazy” means become crazy
attractive
causing interest or pleasure,or very
pleasing in appearance or sound
e.g,The house was set in attractive
countryside near Oxford.
a mixture of
a combination of two or more things
that are different
e.g,1) The city is a mixture of old and
new buildings.
2) We listened to the news with a
mixture of surprise and horror.
In two years,he was a national
phenomenon.
Two years later,people all over the country
sang his songs,imitated his performance,
and even dressed themselves in his way.
phenomenon,someone or something
extremely successful,often because of
unusual qualities or abilities
e.g,1) The Beatles were a phenomenon-
nobody had heard anything like them
before.
2) Harry’s rapid success made him a
phenomenon in the business world.
go downhill
to become less successful; get worse in
social status,health,quality,etc.
e.g,This part of the town used to be
fashionable,but it’s starting to go
downhill.
a series of
a number of (things) that come one
after another
e.g,a series of
meetings/explosions/articles/lecture
s
…but his music rarely had
the life of his early songs.
…but his music was hardly as good as
his early songs.
not only…but also
used to emphasize an additional factor
or feature
e.g,1) He not only acts but also writes
his own plays.
2) The place was not only cold but
also damp.
…but his music did not die
with him
…but his music was still popular in spite
of his death.
…but the heart and soul of rock
is the same heart and soul
that Elvis expressed
…but the most important character and
spirit of rock remains the same as
Elvis expressed.
Summary
Rock and Roll developed from various kinds of music
of many countries,But it was largely the
interaction of black African and white European
music during the seventeenth century that
influenced the development of Rock and Roll,From
the 17th to the 20th century these two types of
music shaped the music of the world bringing
about two new forms of music,the blues and
country music,Rock and Roll formed from the
blues of the black and the country music of the
white in the Southern United States,It reached
its height with the birth of the electric guitar and
the appearance of Elvis Presley,who though he
died young remains today a symbol of Rock and
Roll.
Exercise
Ⅰ,Rewrite the sentences by using it.
EXAMPLE,To get up early is a good habit.
It is a good habit to get up early.
1.To swim across the English Channel took her a
lot of courage.
____________________________________
2.To keep looking young forever is the dream
of many women.
____________________________________
3.For him to get the money now is impossible.
___________________________________
4, To talk with him the whole evening is a
particular pleasure.
_________________________________
5.To tell him what to do is useless.
_________________________________
6,To see you sitting all alone makes me feel sad.
_________________________________
Ⅱ, Rewrite the sentences by using not only…but
also
EXAMPLE,The room is clean; besides,it is
bright.
The room is not only clean but also
bright.
? 1,Many people carry both credit cards and
cash.
________________________________
2.George likes French food as well as Chinese
food.
________________________________
3.I saw the accident,and I told the traffic
police what I had seen,
______________________________
4,Television is boring,and it wastes a lot of
time,too.
______________________________
5,Our society has changed and so have the
people in it.
______________________________
6.The father wanted to see his daughter;
similarly the daughter wanted to see her
father.
______________________________
Rock and Roll
Lead-in
Vocabulary
Outline
Text Study
Summary
Exercise
Related Information
Rock music emerged during the mid-
1950s to become the major popular
musical form of young audience in the
United States and Western Europe,
Its stylistic scope is too broad to be
encompassed by any single definition;
the only feature common to all rock
music is a heavy emphasis on the beat.
It evolved from jazz and the blues.
Rock’s first superstar was Elvis
Presley,With his country-and-
western background,Presley led the
way for other,rockabilly” (rock plus
hillbilly) artists; with his spasmodic
hip gyrations,he introduced a sexual
suggestiveness that outraged
conservative adults; with his regions
of teenage fans,he brought to rock
the cult of personality and became
the archetype of the rock star as
cultural hero.
Since the 1950s rock music has come
all the way through the renewal of
rock in the 1960s,the Beatles,from
England,the rock music of the 1970s
with much more subdivisions,hard
rock,mellow rock,folk-rock,country-
rock,heavy metal rock,glitter rock,
new wave rock,etc.,and then the
eclectic 1980s when bands became
production oriented partly because of
the sudden explosion of,videos” on
TV screens.
The scope and significance of rock
remains without precedent in the
history of popular music,Beginning as
a minority expression on the fringe of
American society,it developed into a
distinct counterculture during the
1960s,and a decade later had become
a dominant cultural force,affecting
and reflecting the moods of American
youth and weaving itself into the very
fabric of society.
Vocabulary
exactly root musician
develop rough slave
electric ordinary graduate
performance symbol
exactly
exactly = exact + ly
adj,+ ly = adv.
e.g,pure + ly = purely
n,+ ly = adj.
e.g,Love + ly = lovely
root
root,n.:1)cause,central part or base
2) the bottom of plant,usu,in
the ground
v.,to be fixed or unmoving
rot,(food) go bad
musician
-ian,a person who
e.g,musician
-ist,a person who
e.g,scientist
-er,-or,a person who
e.g,teacher
develop
develop + ment =development
v,+ ment = n.
e.g,invest + ment = investment
rough
rough
smooth
slave
slave
slavery
electric
electric,an electric machine,light etc,
works using electricity
electrical,related to or connected with
electricity
ordinary
ordinary,common,not unusual or
different in any way
graduate
graduate student,研究生
exchange student,国际交换学生
performance
performance,act,behavior
perform (v.),act
symbol
1) someone or something that people think of
as representing a particular quality or idea
e.g,Space exploration provides a symbol of
national pride.
2) a picture or shape that has a particular
meaning or represents an idea
e.g,The dove is a symbol of peace.
Cf,sign,a thing that shows that sb./sth,Is
present or exists,or that sth,May happen
e.g,The doctor listened to the old man’s heart,
but she could find no sign of life.
Outline
Paras.1-4,Development of Rock and Roll
music.
A,roots,interaction between the black
African and the white European music.
B,development,appearance of the two new
forms of music.
C,formation,coming into being with the
birth of the phonograph and the electric
guitar.
Para.5,King of Rock and Roll.
Para.6,Life story of Elvis Priesly and his
influence on American culture.
Rock and Roll
It is difficult to say exactly how the
music we call,rock” and,roll” began,Its
roots go back to many different countries
and many different kinds of music and
musicians.
Rock music developed mainly from the
interaction of black African and white
European music,The Europeans and African
slaves who came to America during the
seventeenth century each had their own
different kinds of music,Black Africans
used heavy drumbeats,a rough singing voice,
and the calling of a melody and answer of a
chorus,The white Europeans,mostly English
and Scots,used a stronger melody,a less
heavy beat,and instruments such as guitars,
horns,and fiddles,The history of rock and
roll is the history of how rock developed
from these two traditions.
From the seventeenth to the twentieth
century,musicians in the southern United
States developed two new forms of music:
the the blues,usually played by blacks,and
country music,played by whites,Black
musicians sang the blues accompanied by a
guitar,This music was similar to work songs:
stories of troubles and pain,with lines that
were repeated several times,The words
,rock and roll” probably came from the
black churches in the South,where people
sang spiritual music and danced to the
strong rhythms,which they called,rocking
and reeling”,At the same time,whites were
playing country music,which was mostly
traditional dancing music and slow songs
that told sad stories,The singers were
accompanied by string instruments such as
fiddles and guitars.
During this time blues and country
musicians had some influence on each other,
but the influence grew stronger after
phonograph records became popular in the
late nineteenth century,The birth of the
electric guitar changed country and blue
music in the 1940’s,The sound of the
electric guitar would become the sound of
rock and roll,No one thinks of early rock
and roll without thinking of Elvis Presley,
the,King of Rock and Roll”,Elvis was an
ordinary boy,He grew up poor,learned to
sing in church,and became a truck driver
when he graduated from high school.
No one thought that this young man with
the guitar would change popular culture.
But after he recorded two blues songs in
Memphis,everything changed,He sang
throughout the South,and teenagers went
crazy over his amazing voice and his
attractive performances,His music was an
exiting mixture of white country and black
blues,With his long hair and tight pants,he
became a teenage idol,In two years,he
was a national phenomenon.
Elvis’s career then went downhill,He
went into the army,then stopped
performing and made a series of bad
movies,He continued to record,but his
music rarely had the life of his early songs.
He remained the symbol of rock and roll,
however,not only in the United States but
also around the world,He died in 1977,at
the age of 42,but his music did not die
with him,Rock music continues to develop
and change,but the heart and soul of rock
is the same heart and soul that Elvis
expressed.
Its roots go back to many different
countries and……
Its origins can be found in
many different countries and ……
go back to,trace back
Rock music developed mainly from the
interaction of black African and white
European music.
Rock music grew mainly from the
process by which black African music
and white European music have an
effect on each other.
develop,to grow over a period of time
into a better or more complete form
e.g,1)Blossoms develop from buds.
2)Her friendship with him
developed slowly.
interaction,a process by which two or
more things have an effect on each
other and work together
e.g,the interaction of the tones of
demand and supply
c.f,the degree of interaction between
teacher and student
…and instruments such as guitars,
horns,and fiddles.
Such as,here is used to give examples
of,instruments”
e.g,That sum of money is to cover
costs such as travel and
accommodation.
…of how rock evolved from these
two traditions.
…of how rock developed gradually from
these two traditions
evolve,to develop or change by
degrees
e.g,1)A new industry evolved from the
invention of the television.
2)The simple plan evolved into a
complicated scheme.
two new forms of music
The two new forms of music refer
to the blues and country music.
Black musicians sang the blues
accompanied by a guitar.
While black musicians sang the blues
they themselves or someone else played
a guitar.
Accompany:
11) to play supporting music
e.g,(1)The singer was accompanied at
the piano by Tom.
(2)Miss Li accompanied Mr,Wang on
the piano.
(3)The singers were accompanied by
string instruments such as fiddles
and guitars.
2) go with someone
e.g,She asked me to accompany her to
the church.
This music was similar to work
songs……
This music and work songs had features that
were the same.
Be similar to,to be nearly alike ; have the same
features.
e.g,1)Gold is similar in color to brass.
2)This suit is similar to our uniforms in
colour.
Work songs,songs people sang while they were
working.
come from
come from,to have started,been produced
or first existed in a particular place,thing
or time
e.g,1)The term may come from a French
word.
2)The passage she quoted came from
Dickens.
3)Where do you come from?
spiritual music
music relating to people’s religious
beliefs
mostly
mostly,mainly
e.g.1)They’re mostly teenagers,I think.
2)The story seemed to be mostly
true.
3)In the smaller villages,it’s mostly
very quiet at night.
have an influence on/upon
have an influence on/upon, to have an
effect on
e.g,1) His advice had an influence on my
choice.
2)Television has a strong influence on
people.
popular
(someone,something,some ideas,etc.)
enjoyed,liked,approved of,etc.,by a
lot of people.
e.g,1)The Tower of London is the most
popular tourist attraction in Britain.
2) Prof,Lee has always been popular
with the students.
in the late nineteenth
century
“late” means,near to the end of a
period of time (or an event)”
e.g,1) late summer/spring
2)I think he’s in his late twenties.
no one thinks of early rock and roll
without thinking of Elvis Presley,the
“King of Rock and Roll”.
When people think of early rock and roll,
they will naturally think of Elvis Presley,
the,King of Rock and Roll”.
No……without(V-ing) is used to emphasizes
the fact that people always associate early
rock and roll with Elvis Presley.
e.g,No study of the United States would be
complete without a discussion of
immigrants because America is a nation of
immigrants.
He grew up poor…when he
graduated from high school
grow up,to develop from being a child to
being an adult
e.g,What do you want to be when you grow
up?
Cf,1)Trading settlements grew up along the
river.u
2)The city grew up originally as a crossing
point on the river.
crazy
widely excited; enthusiastic
e.g,The kids went crazy when Michael
Jackson appeared.
Cf,1) You must be crazy to go walking
in such awful weather.
2) You’re crazy to agree to buy it
without seeing it.
go
(used as a link verb) to be,become (usu,
related to something bad)
e.g,1) Has anything gone wrong with
your car?
2) Milk tends to go sour in hot
weather.
3) He must have gone mad.
So,go crazy” means become crazy
attractive
causing interest or pleasure,or very
pleasing in appearance or sound
e.g,The house was set in attractive
countryside near Oxford.
a mixture of
a combination of two or more things
that are different
e.g,1) The city is a mixture of old and
new buildings.
2) We listened to the news with a
mixture of surprise and horror.
In two years,he was a national
phenomenon.
Two years later,people all over the country
sang his songs,imitated his performance,
and even dressed themselves in his way.
phenomenon,someone or something
extremely successful,often because of
unusual qualities or abilities
e.g,1) The Beatles were a phenomenon-
nobody had heard anything like them
before.
2) Harry’s rapid success made him a
phenomenon in the business world.
go downhill
to become less successful; get worse in
social status,health,quality,etc.
e.g,This part of the town used to be
fashionable,but it’s starting to go
downhill.
a series of
a number of (things) that come one
after another
e.g,a series of
meetings/explosions/articles/lecture
s
…but his music rarely had
the life of his early songs.
…but his music was hardly as good as
his early songs.
not only…but also
used to emphasize an additional factor
or feature
e.g,1) He not only acts but also writes
his own plays.
2) The place was not only cold but
also damp.
…but his music did not die
with him
…but his music was still popular in spite
of his death.
…but the heart and soul of rock
is the same heart and soul
that Elvis expressed
…but the most important character and
spirit of rock remains the same as
Elvis expressed.
Summary
Rock and Roll developed from various kinds of music
of many countries,But it was largely the
interaction of black African and white European
music during the seventeenth century that
influenced the development of Rock and Roll,From
the 17th to the 20th century these two types of
music shaped the music of the world bringing
about two new forms of music,the blues and
country music,Rock and Roll formed from the
blues of the black and the country music of the
white in the Southern United States,It reached
its height with the birth of the electric guitar and
the appearance of Elvis Presley,who though he
died young remains today a symbol of Rock and
Roll.
Exercise
Ⅰ,Rewrite the sentences by using it.
EXAMPLE,To get up early is a good habit.
It is a good habit to get up early.
1.To swim across the English Channel took her a
lot of courage.
____________________________________
2.To keep looking young forever is the dream
of many women.
____________________________________
3.For him to get the money now is impossible.
___________________________________
4, To talk with him the whole evening is a
particular pleasure.
_________________________________
5.To tell him what to do is useless.
_________________________________
6,To see you sitting all alone makes me feel sad.
_________________________________
Ⅱ, Rewrite the sentences by using not only…but
also
EXAMPLE,The room is clean; besides,it is
bright.
The room is not only clean but also
bright.
? 1,Many people carry both credit cards and
cash.
________________________________
2.George likes French food as well as Chinese
food.
________________________________
3.I saw the accident,and I told the traffic
police what I had seen,
______________________________
4,Television is boring,and it wastes a lot of
time,too.
______________________________
5,Our society has changed and so have the
people in it.
______________________________
6.The father wanted to see his daughter;
similarly the daughter wanted to see her
father.
______________________________
