Anatomy of the Female
Reproductive System
Liu Wei
Department of Ob & Gy
Ren Ji hospital
Introduction
? Pelvis
? Pelvic floor
? External genitalia
? Internal genitalia
? Vessel and nerve and lymph
? Adjacent organs
Pelvis
Pelvis
? Bony pelvis
os ilium
髂骨
os coccyx
尾骨
os sacrum
骶骨
os pubis
耻骨
os ischium
坐骨
Pelvis
? Joints
Sacro-iliac joint
骶髂关节
Sacro-
coccygeal joint
骶尾关节
Symphysis
pubica
耻骨联合
Pelvis
? Ligaments
1,Sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带
Extend from the lateral border of
the sacrum and coccyx to the spine of
the ischium
2,Sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带
Extend from the posterior aspect of
the lower 3 sacral vertebrae to the
ischial tuberosity
Pelvis
? Pelvic divisions (iliopectineal
line 髂耻线 )
1,False pelvis (pelvis major)
2,Ture pelvis (pelvis minor)
Bony birth canal
the Pelvic inlet,the pelvic out let and
the pelvic cavity
Pelvis
? Types of pelvis
1,The gynecoid type (女型骨盆 )
round,slightly ovoid or elliptical
inlet,adequate sacrosciatic notch,
wide interspinous diameters(≥ 10cm),
52%-58.9%
2,The platypelloid type (扁平型骨盆 )
distinct oval inlet,very wide
subpubic arch,23.2%-29%
Pelvis
3,The anthropoid type (类人猿型骨盆 )
long,narrow,oval inlet,extended
and narrow anterior and posterior
segment,wide sacrosciatic notch,long,
narrow sacrum,Straight side walls,
4,The android type (男型骨盆 )
Pelvic floor
? The tissues closing down the pelvic
outlet (muscles and fasciae)
suspend and support the pelvic organs,
such as uterus and bladder and rectum
? Posterior part (urogenital triangle)
urethra and vagina pass through
? Anterior part (anal triangle)
rectum pass through
Pelvic floor
? Tissues
1,Outer layer
Bulbocavernosus muscle (球海绵体肌 )
Ischiocavernosus muscle (坐骨海绵体肌 )
Superficial transverse perineal muscle (会阴浅横肌 )
External anal sphincter (肛门外括约肌 )
2,mid layer
urogenital diaphragm 泌尿生殖膈
Pelvic floor
3,Inner layer (pelvic diaphragm 盆膈 )
1) the main support of the pelvic floor
2) formed by the levator ani and
coccygenus muscles and covering fasciae,
3) Levator ani,pubococcygenus (耻尾肌 ),
iliococcygenus (髂尾肌 ),puborectalis
(坐尾肌 )
Pelvic floor
? Perineum
general conception,the tissues closing down
the pelvic outlet
Clinical conception,the tissues between
vagina and anus,
External genitalia
mons pubis
阴阜
Labium majus
大阴唇
Clitotis
阴蒂
Labium minus
小阴唇 Urethral orifice
尿道口 Vaginal orifice
阴道口 Vaginal vestibule
阴道前庭 Fossa navicularis
舟状窝 Perineal body
会阴体 Anus
肛门
External genitalia
? Labia majora
The venous drainage is extensive and
forms a plexus with numerous anastomoses,
Vulva hematoma
? Vaginal vestibule
Bordered by the labia minora laterally,
by the frenulum labiorum pudendal (阴唇系
带 ) posteriorly,by the urethra and
clitoris anteriorly,by the hymenal ring
inferiorly,
Internal genitalia
Internal genitalia
Internal genitalia
? Vagina
1,strong canal of muscle (7.5cm)
extend from the uterus to the vestibule of the
external genitalia,its long axis is almost parallel
with that of the lower part of the sacrum,the
anterior wall of the vagina is 1.5-2cm shorter than
the posterior wall,
2,vaginal fornix
the circular cul-de-sac formed around the cervix
4 regions,the anterior fornix,the posterior
fornix and 2 lateral fornices,
Internal genitalia
3,Wall structure
1) mucosal layer (stratified squamous epithelium)
2) muscular layer (3 layer)
3) submucous area ( with a dense plexus of veins
and lymphatics)
Internal genitalia
Internal genitalia
? Uterus
1,Pear-shaped,thick-walled,muscular
organ
2,Body and cervix,
Babyhood 1:2,manhood 2:1
3,Isthmus uteri
connect the body to cervix,1cm
(non-pregnancy)
Internal genitalia
4,Layers of uterine wall
1) The serous layer (perimetrium)
Thin and firmly adherent over the fundous
and most of the body
Uterovesical pouch of the peritoneum
Rectouterine pouch of the peritoneum
(pouch of Douglas)
2) The muscular layer
Outer layer (longitudinal fibers)
Inner layer (interlaced and various
directions)
Internal genitalia
3) The mucous layer (endometrium)
compact layer,response to hormone
periodically,a single layer of
ciliated columnar epithelium
spongy layer,response to hormone
periodically,contains many tubular
glands
funous,non-response to hormone periodically
Internal genitalia
? Cervix
1,lower 1/3 of uterus,connects uterus
to vagina via endocervical canal
2,External os,opening of
endocervical canal to ectocervix
3,Internal os,indistinct upper limit of
endocervical canal
Internal genitalia
? Ligaments
1,Broad ligament
2,Round ligament
3,Cardinal ligament
4,Utero-sacral ligament
Internal genitalia
? Oviduct
1,Anatomy
1) Interstitial portion,
2) Isthmic portion,narrow
3) Ampulla,wide and tortuous
4) Fimbria,funnel-shaped mouth
Internal genitalia
2,Layers of wall
1) Serous
2) Muscular,outer longitudinal and
inner circular
3) Mucous,ciliated columnar
epithelium,coarse longitudinal
folds
Internal genitalia
? Ovary
1,Anatomy
1) Paired organ,elliptic
2) The suspensory ligament of the
ovary
3) The ovarian ligament
Internal genitalia
2,Structure of ovary
1) Covered by cuboid or low columnar
epithelium
2) Consist of a cortex and a medulla
3) Cortex,oocytes in various stages of
maturity,
4) Medulla,fibers,smooth muscle cells,
blood vessel,nerves,
Vessel and nerve and lymph
? Blood vessel
1,The ovarian artery
1) Orginated as branches of the
abdominal aorta,(left,left renal
artery),
2) Turn over the common iliac artery
and ureter,descend into the pelvis,
Enter into ovary through the
mesovarium
Vessel and nerve and lymph
2,The uterine artery
1) a terminal branch of the hypogastric
artery
2) Cross the ureter near the cervix (2cm)
3) Ascend along the lateral border of the
uterus
4) uterine body branch and cervix-vagina
branch
Vessel and nerve and lymph
3,Vaginal artery
4,Internal Pudendal artery
Vessel and nerve and lymph
? Lymph
1,External genitalia
1) superfical inguinal gland (腹股沟浅淋巴
结 )
2) deep inguinal gland (腹股沟深淋巴结 )
Vessel and nerve and lymph
2,Pelvic lymph
1) iliac lymph
common iliac,internal iliac and
external iliac
2) Anterior Sacral lymph
3) Lumbar lymph,abdominal aorta
Adjacent organs
? Urethra
? Urinary bladder
? Ureter
? Rectum
? Vermiform appendix
Adjacent organs
Answer the questions
? How many types of pelvis are there?
What are they?
? What is perineum?
? What is vaginal vestibule?
? How many ligaments of uterus are there?
What are they?
? How many ligaments of ovary are there?
What are they?
? What is uterine isthmus?
END
Reproductive System
Liu Wei
Department of Ob & Gy
Ren Ji hospital
Introduction
? Pelvis
? Pelvic floor
? External genitalia
? Internal genitalia
? Vessel and nerve and lymph
? Adjacent organs
Pelvis
Pelvis
? Bony pelvis
os ilium
髂骨
os coccyx
尾骨
os sacrum
骶骨
os pubis
耻骨
os ischium
坐骨
Pelvis
? Joints
Sacro-iliac joint
骶髂关节
Sacro-
coccygeal joint
骶尾关节
Symphysis
pubica
耻骨联合
Pelvis
? Ligaments
1,Sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带
Extend from the lateral border of
the sacrum and coccyx to the spine of
the ischium
2,Sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带
Extend from the posterior aspect of
the lower 3 sacral vertebrae to the
ischial tuberosity
Pelvis
? Pelvic divisions (iliopectineal
line 髂耻线 )
1,False pelvis (pelvis major)
2,Ture pelvis (pelvis minor)
Bony birth canal
the Pelvic inlet,the pelvic out let and
the pelvic cavity
Pelvis
? Types of pelvis
1,The gynecoid type (女型骨盆 )
round,slightly ovoid or elliptical
inlet,adequate sacrosciatic notch,
wide interspinous diameters(≥ 10cm),
52%-58.9%
2,The platypelloid type (扁平型骨盆 )
distinct oval inlet,very wide
subpubic arch,23.2%-29%
Pelvis
3,The anthropoid type (类人猿型骨盆 )
long,narrow,oval inlet,extended
and narrow anterior and posterior
segment,wide sacrosciatic notch,long,
narrow sacrum,Straight side walls,
4,The android type (男型骨盆 )
Pelvic floor
? The tissues closing down the pelvic
outlet (muscles and fasciae)
suspend and support the pelvic organs,
such as uterus and bladder and rectum
? Posterior part (urogenital triangle)
urethra and vagina pass through
? Anterior part (anal triangle)
rectum pass through
Pelvic floor
? Tissues
1,Outer layer
Bulbocavernosus muscle (球海绵体肌 )
Ischiocavernosus muscle (坐骨海绵体肌 )
Superficial transverse perineal muscle (会阴浅横肌 )
External anal sphincter (肛门外括约肌 )
2,mid layer
urogenital diaphragm 泌尿生殖膈
Pelvic floor
3,Inner layer (pelvic diaphragm 盆膈 )
1) the main support of the pelvic floor
2) formed by the levator ani and
coccygenus muscles and covering fasciae,
3) Levator ani,pubococcygenus (耻尾肌 ),
iliococcygenus (髂尾肌 ),puborectalis
(坐尾肌 )
Pelvic floor
? Perineum
general conception,the tissues closing down
the pelvic outlet
Clinical conception,the tissues between
vagina and anus,
External genitalia
mons pubis
阴阜
Labium majus
大阴唇
Clitotis
阴蒂
Labium minus
小阴唇 Urethral orifice
尿道口 Vaginal orifice
阴道口 Vaginal vestibule
阴道前庭 Fossa navicularis
舟状窝 Perineal body
会阴体 Anus
肛门
External genitalia
? Labia majora
The venous drainage is extensive and
forms a plexus with numerous anastomoses,
Vulva hematoma
? Vaginal vestibule
Bordered by the labia minora laterally,
by the frenulum labiorum pudendal (阴唇系
带 ) posteriorly,by the urethra and
clitoris anteriorly,by the hymenal ring
inferiorly,
Internal genitalia
Internal genitalia
Internal genitalia
? Vagina
1,strong canal of muscle (7.5cm)
extend from the uterus to the vestibule of the
external genitalia,its long axis is almost parallel
with that of the lower part of the sacrum,the
anterior wall of the vagina is 1.5-2cm shorter than
the posterior wall,
2,vaginal fornix
the circular cul-de-sac formed around the cervix
4 regions,the anterior fornix,the posterior
fornix and 2 lateral fornices,
Internal genitalia
3,Wall structure
1) mucosal layer (stratified squamous epithelium)
2) muscular layer (3 layer)
3) submucous area ( with a dense plexus of veins
and lymphatics)
Internal genitalia
Internal genitalia
? Uterus
1,Pear-shaped,thick-walled,muscular
organ
2,Body and cervix,
Babyhood 1:2,manhood 2:1
3,Isthmus uteri
connect the body to cervix,1cm
(non-pregnancy)
Internal genitalia
4,Layers of uterine wall
1) The serous layer (perimetrium)
Thin and firmly adherent over the fundous
and most of the body
Uterovesical pouch of the peritoneum
Rectouterine pouch of the peritoneum
(pouch of Douglas)
2) The muscular layer
Outer layer (longitudinal fibers)
Inner layer (interlaced and various
directions)
Internal genitalia
3) The mucous layer (endometrium)
compact layer,response to hormone
periodically,a single layer of
ciliated columnar epithelium
spongy layer,response to hormone
periodically,contains many tubular
glands
funous,non-response to hormone periodically
Internal genitalia
? Cervix
1,lower 1/3 of uterus,connects uterus
to vagina via endocervical canal
2,External os,opening of
endocervical canal to ectocervix
3,Internal os,indistinct upper limit of
endocervical canal
Internal genitalia
? Ligaments
1,Broad ligament
2,Round ligament
3,Cardinal ligament
4,Utero-sacral ligament
Internal genitalia
? Oviduct
1,Anatomy
1) Interstitial portion,
2) Isthmic portion,narrow
3) Ampulla,wide and tortuous
4) Fimbria,funnel-shaped mouth
Internal genitalia
2,Layers of wall
1) Serous
2) Muscular,outer longitudinal and
inner circular
3) Mucous,ciliated columnar
epithelium,coarse longitudinal
folds
Internal genitalia
? Ovary
1,Anatomy
1) Paired organ,elliptic
2) The suspensory ligament of the
ovary
3) The ovarian ligament
Internal genitalia
2,Structure of ovary
1) Covered by cuboid or low columnar
epithelium
2) Consist of a cortex and a medulla
3) Cortex,oocytes in various stages of
maturity,
4) Medulla,fibers,smooth muscle cells,
blood vessel,nerves,
Vessel and nerve and lymph
? Blood vessel
1,The ovarian artery
1) Orginated as branches of the
abdominal aorta,(left,left renal
artery),
2) Turn over the common iliac artery
and ureter,descend into the pelvis,
Enter into ovary through the
mesovarium
Vessel and nerve and lymph
2,The uterine artery
1) a terminal branch of the hypogastric
artery
2) Cross the ureter near the cervix (2cm)
3) Ascend along the lateral border of the
uterus
4) uterine body branch and cervix-vagina
branch
Vessel and nerve and lymph
3,Vaginal artery
4,Internal Pudendal artery
Vessel and nerve and lymph
? Lymph
1,External genitalia
1) superfical inguinal gland (腹股沟浅淋巴
结 )
2) deep inguinal gland (腹股沟深淋巴结 )
Vessel and nerve and lymph
2,Pelvic lymph
1) iliac lymph
common iliac,internal iliac and
external iliac
2) Anterior Sacral lymph
3) Lumbar lymph,abdominal aorta
Adjacent organs
? Urethra
? Urinary bladder
? Ureter
? Rectum
? Vermiform appendix
Adjacent organs
Answer the questions
? How many types of pelvis are there?
What are they?
? What is perineum?
? What is vaginal vestibule?
? How many ligaments of uterus are there?
What are they?
? How many ligaments of ovary are there?
What are they?
? What is uterine isthmus?
END
