Chapter III
Sound Forms -- Morphology
Language and Form
1,Form of Sounds
2,Form Patterns
Word Structure
? 1.Word and Structure
a,The birds left.
b,The bird left,
c,*The bird left -s.
d,The bird leaves.
Theory,
-- identify the verb/s with what should be added.
-- identify the,not so right” form,i.e,left-s.
Morphemes
1,Morpheme,A Definition
2,Number of morphemes in a word
a,and
b,magnet-ize
c,de-magnet-ize
d,de-magnet-iz-ation
3,Types of morphemes
a,free
b,bound
1) derivational
2) inflexional
c,allomorphs
Representing Word Structure
1,Roots and Affixes (I)
N
V Af
teach er
2,Roots and Affixes (II)
a,A b,N
Af A N
Af
un kind book s
Roots and Affixes (III)
c,V d,V
A Af V Af
modern ize destroy ed
Bases
V
Base for -ed V
Root and base A Af Af
for -en
black en ed
Compounding
Noun
N N
N N N
N
fire engine green
house
Verb
V V
N V A V
spoon feed white wash
Adjective
A A
N A A A
nation wide red hot
More Complicated
N
N N
N N N N
Sunday night concert series
Other Types of Word Formation(I)
1,Clipping
professor prof
physical education phys-ed
2,Blends
breakfast + lunch brunch
information + commercial
informercial
Other Types of Word Formation (II)
3,Backformation
attrition attrit
oration orat
4,Conversion
a,V to N
ink a (contract)
b,N from V
(a building) permit
c,V from A
dirty (a shirt)
Other Types of Word Formation (III)
5,Acronyms
UNICEF United Nations
International Children’s Emergency Fund
6,Onomatopoeia
cock-a-doodle-doo
meow
chirp