Chapter V
Semantics
Semantics:
A study of meaning
Meaning,What is it?
Different Theories of Meaning
1,Naming,
Labels of things
2,Semantic Triangle,
non direct association
3,Conceptualistic view,
meaning in use
4,Behaviorists’ view,
stimulus and response
Types of Meaning
1,Lexical meaning,sense and reference
2,Referential Meaning,meaning with association
to the world
dog,
meaning without reference
dog1,2,3,… n,
meaning with reference
Componential Analysis
A way to the,inside” of meaning
man,(+HUMAN,+MALE,+ADULT)
woman,(+HUMAN,_ MALE,+ADULT)
boy,(+HUMAN,+ MALE,_ADULT)
girl,(+HUMAN,_ MALE,_ADULT)
Truth and Truth?
Truth value of meaning:
A boy is a male youngster.
Truth value?
A boy is a female youngster.
Truth or not,truth value
Truth Table
T T = T
T F = F
F T = F
F F = T
Logical relations within sentences
1,Opposition
A is not A
2,Inconsistency
A is B
3,Binary
A is B and not B
4,Inclusion
A is part of B
A Way to Sentence Meaning
Abstraction of meaning of sentences:
Tom is selling ice-cream.
Tom sells ice-cream.
Tom sold ice-cream.
Tom has been selling ice-cream.
TOM,ICE-CREAM (SELL)
References to the Study of Meaning
Plato
Austin
Searle
Chomsky
Blake
Lakoff