1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 1.E+10 1.E+12 DIAMOND STEEL BONE CONCRETE SILK F-ACTIN TENDON WOOD TUBULIN CONTRACTED SKELETAL MUSCLE ELASTIN RELAXED SKELETAL MUSCLE COLLAGEN GELS LUNG PARENCHYMA FIBROBLAST CELLS ENDOTHELIAL CELLS NEUTROPHILS LYMPHOCYTES various materials Values of the elastic or Young’s modulus for 1 Basal laminae (the yellow lines) are organized in three ways. Right tibia (somewhat non- isotropic and nonlinear) Longitudinal direction Radial direction Microscopic - sarcomere level Striated muscle Macroscopic view A - resting B - max contraction C - active component 2 3 4 Image removed due to copyright considerations. See Figure 19-41 in: Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th ed. New York: Garland Publishing, 2002. Image may be viewed online at the NIH's PubMed Bookshelf. Events involved in the formation of a collagen fibril. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books 5 Image removed due to copyright considerations. See Figure 7.3:4 in: Fung, Y. C. Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993. Striated appearance of collagen fibrils Collagen fiber arrangement in skin and cornea with alternating directions 6 Image removed due to copyright considerations. See Figure 19-46 in: Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th ed. New York: Garland Publishing, 2002. Image may be viewed online at the NIH's PubMed Bookshelf. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books ACL -- different strain rates Range of linearity. E = d(stress)/d(strain) = 10 9 Pa 7 Collagen derives its stiffness, not from the single molecule characteristics of collagen, but rather from the straightening Cornea, M. Johnson, J. Ruberti of “wavy” collagen fibers 8 Image removed due to copyright considerations.