? 10c  Q?£ aQ?ü?è
?#9
?  
'c"¥  
éB?	?3?
£ a
3?£ aQ?£ a
3? Gibbs1?? aQ?é aü?è
?#
9
?ZE b  
'c?1=?  
 1  Q??1?ü?è
?9
?¥×1?  
 2  ?
? a
3?? aQ??W¥??#9
?1"?]?/¥Q??  
 3  Q?Z_D
θ
G
r
?  
 4  ü?è
?¥p|  
 5  Q?éDü?i  
 6  Q?"d¥M
p  
 
Q??M
θ
H
r
? ?1G	L
3??
θ
H
f
? Q?ü?è
??1G	L
3?1??
θ
G
r
? 'c
^t	??Dμ1=?¥?	 b  
10.1?
?
£  
?l?ê
è¨ /molté?
?b¥£
?M
θ
H
c
?  
Bt�1??
^? aa	?¥f
?£	?D???
té¥S
? b 1993M
-??Sa	?
θ
P 1 101.325kPa
' 1atm?S= 1993Ma??
θ
P 1 100kPa?
à?S=?
m¨÷
W
P¨¥ˉ
^
θ
P =101.325kPa9?a|???V	? b  
8¥S
?
^Sa	?/VC	?X8?é¥
?A8 a%8¥S
?
^S
a	?/BA8 aB%8
? b  
	?X8??
?a	?7MyN8¥¥?
?
3??D
θ
P ¥ê4í1
3?
Gibbs1??¥?YYVa	??¥?Y8C?N′?v b  
S
?¥?
àμ???[ 298.15KK×1 b  
θ
H
c
? B?o¨?μ??t?]	?μ??t?i
?¥?? C iH# C
 iH iO??t??¥K?át
^ CO
2
 g aH
2
O
 l C iH iN C iH iO iN?1
F
 N
2
 g ,c
; ac
X
í??tát1?ˉ?	V?μM???# 
P¨{	?
?L b  
10.2 
3??  
?i
θ
298
H
f
? ¥?l
?
^×?
??é?]?é¥
????  
θ
298
H
f
? ¥p¤  
1) B?μtV
θ
H
c
? 9
?  
2) c
X
íμtB?VQ?
£p¤  
3) í??t¨Q?
£·A
£p¤  
ò??]?/
3?£
θ
Tf
H? "31
θ
298
H
f
? ??1Q?t#
3?t¥ C
p
′ b  
10.3 
3? Gibbs1??  
θθθ
298298298
15.298 SHG
fff
?×??=?       
 10-2  
θθθ
TfTfTf
STHG ???=?                
 10-3  
9
?¥1o
^
θ
298
S 
θ
T
S ?t?′?
  
10.4 Q?é () ) 
?l
i
ni
d
d
γ
ε =                     
 10-7  
i
γ 
^?D9
?  
εγε
iii
onn += )()(                (10-8) 
?t
ü?1"	V?]
HWy	?Q?t#át-W¥1"
