? 10c Q? £aQ? ü?è ?# 9 ? 'c "¥ éB? ?3 ?  £a 3? £aQ? £a 3? Gibbs1? ?aQ?éa ü?è ?#  9 ?ZEb 'c?1 = ?  1 Q??1? ü?è ?9 ?¥×1?  2 ? ?a 3??aQ??W¥??#9 ?1"?]?/¥Q??  3 Q?Z_D θ G r ?  4 ü?è ?¥ p |  5 Q?éD ü? i  6 Q?"d¥M p Q??M θ H r ? ?1G L 3?? θ H f ? Q? ü?è ??1G L 3?1? ?  θ G r ? 'c ^t ??Dμ1 = ?¥? b 10.1 ? ? £ ?l?ê  è¨ /molté ?  ?b¥ £ ?M θ H c ? Bté¥?1? ? ^?aa ?¥f ? £ ?D??? té¥S ?b 1993 M -??Sa ? θ P 1 101.325kPa ' 1atm?S= 1993 Ma?? θ P 1 100kPa? à?S =? m¨÷ W P¨¥ ˉ ^ θ P =101.325kPa9?a|???V ?b 8¥S ? ^Sa ?/VC ?X 8?é¥ ?A8a%8¥S ? ^S a ?/BA8aB%8 ?b ?X 8?? ?a ?7MyN 8¥¥ ? ? 3??D θ P ¥ê4í1 3? Gibbs1? ?¥?YYVa ??¥?Y8C?N′?vb S ?¥? àμ???[ 298.15KK×1b θ H c ? B?o¨?μ??t?] ?μ??t?i  ?¥?? CiH# C iHiO??t??¥K?át ^ CO 2  gaH 2 O l CiHiN CiHiOiN?1 F  N 2  g ,c ;ac X í??tát1?ˉ? V ?μM???# P¨{ ? ?Lb 10.2 3?? ?i θ 298 H f ? ¥?l ? ^×? ??é?]?é¥ ???? θ 298 H f ? ¥ p¤ 1) B?μtV θ H c ? 9 ? 2) c X íμtB?VQ?  £ p¤ 3) í??t¨Q?  £ ·A  £ p¤ ò??]?/ 3? £ θ Tf H? "31 θ 298 H f ? ??1Q?t# 3?t¥ C p ′b 10.3 3? Gibbs1? ? θθθ 298298298 15.298 SHG fff ?×??=?  10-2 θθθ TfTfTf STHG ???=?  10-3 9 ?¥1o ^ θ 298 S  θ T S ?t?′?  10.4 Q?é () ) ?l i ni d d γ ε =  10-7 i γ ^?D9  ? εγε iii onn += )()( (10-8) ?t  ü?1" V?] HWy ?Q?t#át-W¥1"b Q?é' &? ?3 % ü?9 ?9? ?°¤3 %Q?? ?D9 ?? ? VT1? D ü?Q?y?9 ??쨥 m b 10.5 Q? ü?è ? 10.5.1 ü?è ?DQ?Z_ ? ∑ = i iPT dndG i μ , )( (10-13) V?? ∑ =? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ii PT G μγ ε ,  10-14b  0 , =? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? PT G ε ' 0= ∑ ii μγ ? 0 2 2 > ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ε G ?¨" ? i a null a Ka i i = ∩ ν )?(  10-17 KRTGG iir ln?==? ∑ θ γ θ  10-18 Q? ü? ? ? ^ 0)( , ≤? PT G i %?Q?Z_ θ G? B???? , θ G? v? , H ?]átDQ?t i/ G? ˉ V <07 PQ?¤[é?b 10.5.2 ?] ??Q?¥ ü?è ? K MQ? i i i f f f K ν θ ∏ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ?  10-19a ? kPaf i 100= θ y y if KK pp K i i i i i Φ ∑∑ ? ? ? ? ? ? =Φ? ? ? ? ? ? = ∏∏ ν νν ν 100 ? 100  10-19b ?Ta ??d (? atm1?ê yf KKPK i Φ ∑ = ν (10-19c) A8%8?t?¥Q? Xriiia KKXaK iii === ∏∏∏ ννν γ (10-19e) ·A? ·éW¥Q? ∏∏∏ == BBB BBBa XaK ννν γ?  10-19f mBBa KKmK BB γ νν γ ′ ∏∏ =′=  10-19b cBBa KKCK BB γ νν γ ′′ ∏∏ =′′=  10-19b ?i" ??lμ ??]9?i K r aK m aK c ?? %???9?a ?μ1?8  ˉ?1 ü?è ?b 10.5.3 K′ p | V L′Q p K ′? ^ L¨ZE L¨¥ZE ^V θ 298 G f ?  θ Tf G?  p | θ 298 G r ?  θ Tr G? 7 θ 298 G f ?  θ Tf G? ^V θ 298 H f ? a θ 298 S a θ Tf H? a θ T S p |¥?t ? ^ p | K ¥ 1o7?¥ ? ÷ tè ^9 ? K¥1ob 10.5.4 ?D ü?è ? 2 ln RT H dT Kd r θ Λ =  10-24 9 ?? Vü θ H r ? 1è ? ??S?v θ H r ? D?1"?vü ?T1 C p ¥f ?b 10.5.5 ü? i9 ?  è 10.6 Q?"d¥M p "dμQ? HM p?1 srNF ??+Π?= 2 T? r ^? ?Q? ? s ^+ yK?Hq 'c92  1 S ?a ? ?a 3??¥μ1??  2 3??#Q? £¥ p¤  3 Q?é¥?l# P¨  4 ü?è ?¥ p¤#Q?Z_ ?