1 ??c M ü? 'c "¥ 'cV?) ? A ü?W%o  ü? ? ?a9 ?ZE? L=?¨] H|e1o  A ü?aAA ü?a%A ü??μ1 = ?b 'c = ? (1) M ü?$ (2) o ·"d¥ A ü?1" T (3) ?a?a/ A ü? (4) úa A ü? (5) A ü?Bá?_ (6) ü?D×??5 (7) AA ü?Mm?'9 ? (8) A ü?¥M1 ? ??9 ? (9) %A ü?#? "?Y | M?MK 7 S¤( H??Fs M?¥ i0¥i?? 3é .? ? M ?-Wi?a ?¥μYé7? 3 ? ¥?Db9-?òM¥?ér?×?? ? HW7M?ü?Sr? M ü?b L= M ü? ^B?? ?¥ ü?M? ?) H Yi"tés0¥ @ ?? @o?VM ü? H @ ? @¥té? ?? ?   H Y ?M?b £ ?D M ü?ù5÷¥) ?ò ü?M¥F?-W¥1"b 5.1 M ü?$ 5.1.1 ü? ? 1 ?B?M8" ^?r? ü? ?31?  ? ^? ?@B?¥ £ ?DHq?t Hqü?S £ ?D¥M ü? ? b L !Fí[8"?cμ αaβaγ … πMFs1 i =1, 2 l Nb1 ?"d¥ £ ü ??? ü?8" =òM-WA?N? πβα TTT =???==  i =1, 2 l N  5-1 πβα ppp =???==  i =1, 2 l N  5-2 2 πβα μμμ iii =???==  i =1, 2 l N  5-3 πβα iii fff ??? =???==  i =1, 2 l N  5-4 5.1.2 M p í ?B?M ü?8"31?? ? ??aa ?aòMF??b?t ?μt ^ oM ?¥b? ?De ?μB?1" Tü B?? ?¥M b £ ?D? | ì8 ¨o1? Fp??à QV U ü?"d¥ <?é?? ?M ¥ ? "b 2+?= πNF  5-5 ? FV U8"¥1? NV UFs ? πV UM ?b M p ^ò? ü?"d?A?N o¥? pb 5.2 o ·"d¥ A ü?1" T b ¥ í ? A ü?314 ü?8"¥? Taa ? p a MF? y i?AMF? x ib ?t? ? V[ L? ?÷¥ H?31y ? ?[L9 ?¤?÷¥ T p  y i x i ? ? ? ?@y? Ll¥31by ? ? n531ó í ? A ü?¥1" T ?1 ?  ? 1 ? <?éM b ? A ü??M ü? ? T 5-4¤ l i v i ff ?? =  i = 1, 2 l N  5-6 Fí i¥d; V[?d" ?V U9 V[?" ?V Ub? Mμ v ii v i pyf φ ?? =  i = 1, 2 l N  5-7 i v ii v i yff γ Θ = ?  i = 1, 2 l N  5-8 ?AMμ l ii l i pxf φ ?? =  i = 1, 2 l N  5-9 3 i l ii l i xff γ Θ = ?  i = 1, 2 l N  5-10 T 5-8 L= i?è¨b?1ey? ?¥ v i γ b" ??1?" ?Z?9 ?¤ ?7  M¥" ?1" T ?y ?yN? M7y'  àμ a?¥ZE 9 ?b'cNae l i γ 1 i γ b?"訥 A ü?9 ? T? AM l i f ? ¥VrZE7s1 B/ ? 5.2.1  ?Z?E EOSE 8? T 5-6a 5-7? 5-9μ l ii v ii pxpy φφ ?? = ' i l ii v i xy φφ ?? =  i = 1, 2 l N  5-11 T? v i φ ? a l i φ ? sY1 aAM?Fí i¥d" ?? 1co   ? ì¥9 ?ZEb ? T 4-88 V[ A v i φ ? D T p  y iμ1 l i φ ? D T p  x iμ1 ? ì¥9 ?31 G ? ?Z?  EOS???5 yN ?ZE$?1 ?Z?E  EOSE b P¨ T  5-11 9 ? A ü? H v i φ ? a l i φ ? 31?¨]B? ?Z?yN? ?Z??M?¥??5 A?] H a¨? aA M} ? T 4-88? V?Fz i¥ v i φ ? a l i φ ? ¥Vr Tb ?ZEYè a¨?úa A ü?¥9 ?b 5.2.2 " ?E ?AM l i f ? [" ?V U¤ iii v ii xfpy γφ Θ = ?  i = 1, 2 l N  5-12 ? Θ i f ^ iFz¥S ?/¥db[ Lewis-Randall?51¥S ?/S ?¥ d??M ü?? T?a ? p /BA8 i¥d' l ii ff = Θ  i = 1, 2 l N } ? T 4-96¤ 4 ( ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = RT ppV xppy s i l i ii s i s i v ii exp ? γφφ  i = 1, 2 l N  5-13 T? p 1M ü?¥a ? y i1 i Fz M?¥ :s q v i φ ? 1 i Fz M?t?d " ? p i s 1M ü?? T/Bté i¥?? a s i φ 1iFzS1B 8 HM ü? ? T?? a p i s /¥d" ? i γ 1Fz i¥" ? x i1iFzAM?¥ :s q V i l 1Bté i¥AM :8 R ^ :Y¨ 8è ? T ^M ü??b T 5-13 ^??a/訥 A ü?9 ?Y Tb??? ·A ? ?w?¥" ?Z ?? àμ I na ? p? i γ ¥?YyN T 5-13? a¨?úa A ü?¥9 ?b Yè? 8¥ A ü?8" V[? ?]¥ 8Hq T 5-13SM?¥?eb 1) a ?ù ? "? u?í "? u a ??v H?  T 5-13¥· ?[¥′b |8 V i l ?ê ^ m 3 ?mol -1 a ??ú HA88¥ ? )?1 -5 p ? p i s ¥?ê1 Paa ??ú H ? ì¥μY?v  p-p i s ¥ ? )í ?1 , R = 8.314 m 3 ?Pa?mol -1 ?K -1  ? T ¥ ? )1 2b?"· ?[ () 1exp ≈ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? RT ppV s i l i b 2) 8"?òFí?éM ? ?8"?òFí ^]ss8a ¨Qs8a;Ds8 ?Mí¥]"t * 1 A M ( V j1 ?X??t? Lewis-Randall?5μ i v i φφ = ?  ] H 1= i γ b 3) ?a/¥ A ü? ?a/ M V j1 ?X 8? ^μ 1 ? = v i φ  1= s i φ b 8  ? ? A ü?8" ? ?@ ? Hq 1) Vr T1 ii s i s i v ii xppy γφφ = ?  i = 1, 2 l N  5-14 ? Hq 1) + 2) Vr T1  i s i s i v ii xppy φφ =  i = 1, 2 l N  5-15 ? v i φ 1M ü?¥? T?a ? p / Fz iS1B?  H¥d" ?b 9 ?ZEn 4.5.4?b 5 ? Hq 1) + 3) Vr T1 ii s ii xppy γ=  i = 1, 2 l N  5-16 ? Hq 1) + 2) + 3) Vr T1 i s ii xppy =  i = 1, 2 l N  5-17  T'1 ?é: Raoult? pb?N9 V? Raoult? po ^ AM ü?¥B?+ è ?? f ?? ^ù¥ A ü?t"? n¥+ y f ?b 5.2.3ZE1?  ?Z?E?" ?E í ? A ü? Hòμ+? a¨??]¥?? ???¥ 4 9?]bV 5-1 ^ ?ZE¥1b V 5-1  ?Z?E?" ?E¥1? ZE  ?Z?E " ?E a? 1. ?31S ? 2. o31ê4 EOS?31M ü? ? 3. ^?¨1 ?e ? 4. V¨? "? u?í "? u 1. " ?Z??M?¥" ?? ? 2. ?¥?Y?1Q? f i l  γ i ¥ ?Y?v 3. a¨?? ??¥??t ? ? taè3é8" ?? 1. EOS31] H a¨? A M 4v 2. 31q ¥ P¨??5 O ?Y?v 3. ?téa vs0??t?è3é8 " 4??¨ 1. 31  ?ZE p | ê :8é7 p ? :8 2. 31 ??S ? 3. cμ? "?Fs¥8"?¨?L  "? u P¨ ? 4 a¨ S? e5  V a¨?ò?a ?/¥ A ü? ?÷è¨??aúa A ü? ?a?a/¥ A ü?? ?C?a A ü? ? H?a/ P¨? ? 4b 5.3 ?a?a/ A ü? v?s?yV??¥ A ü?8"? ???a ?a/¥ A ü? ? ? V[¨ T  5-14 í ? ii s i s i v ii xppy γφφ = ?  i = 1, 2 l N 6  5-14 L=  £ ?D?¥ A ü?ù?'  ^V ü? ? ¥?? ? m92¤?M?¥ ü?? p E?¤?" ?Z?? ? ?¨ μ??? ?¥" ?Z?i2? T 5-149 ?¤?  ?Hq B? ^?] iaμ H ^?]a ??/¥ A ü??éb9ü ^ a 9 ? ^B[?×1¥ A ü?ù? m b? ?¤?¥ A ü??é ? [Mm¥? TV U ¥ ?÷F°4i¤???¥·?b 5.3.1 ?a?a/=í A ü?Mm 5.3.1.1 'L? [?? T/¥ p-x-ym 5-11 è a üB?Mm?¥í íb Mm?K?1¥ ^ ??L KMN Yè[ LLV U? ]?L KGN è[′LV U b ? ì|Mms1 ??s ??L[  ^ BAM u ]?L[/ ^B M u ??L ]?L-W ^ A  i ub=í A ü?Mm¥ aL ^ ü???àiD ??L ]?LM?¥L  ? MG ?¥ ? ? G? MsYV U M?a ? p /r? ü?¥ M??AM? ? ì¥?USsY V U ü?¥ MF? y i?AMF? x ib 5.3.1.2 ?X?t8"Mm =í ?X?t"?? ?é: Raoult? pòFz¥AM" ? 1 21 ==γγ b V w ( ) 12122211 xpppxpxpp sssss ?+=+=  5-15 ?? TB? H s p 1 ? s p 2 B?  T1°L¥Vr TbMmnm 5-2b m 5-1 ?? T/¥ p-x-y Uim m 5-2 ?X?t" A ü?Mm 7 5.3.1.3 ? êμDμ êμ8"Mm ?ì? êμμ êμ ^·? ?é:? p¥ êμb?? êμt"òFs¥" ? 1 1 >γ  1 2 >γ b7μ êμ8"Fz¥" ? 1 1 <γ  1 2 <γ b ? êμ8"?òFs¥sa (v? ?é:? p¥9 ?′ ? ^9¥M ü?a ? p  ? i S? =ú? ?XL Raoult L ? ˉê? Fs?? a-Wb??8"?? H?μ  £#89v¥C`b??¥8" ? CH 3 OH-H 2 O=í A ü?bMm ?m 5-3 ? Ub M¥μ êμ8"?òFs¥sa (l? ?é:? p¥9 ?′? ^9¥M ü?a ? p  ? iS? =)? ?XL RaoultL[/? ˉê? Fs?? a-Wb??8 "?? H?μb £#8 êl¥C`b??¥8" ? CH 2 Cl 2 -CH 3 OCH 3 =í A ü?b Mm ?m 5-4 ? Ub 5.3.1.4  m8"Mm ? êμr?B??Mm?¥ p-x ??Lü?CB?Kú?M ü?a ? p ?` ? êμt"B"9 ^ê? Fs?? a-W7? B F?ú?? a ?m 5-5(a) ? Ub?Kú?) ??L? ]?LM? x = y?1?m?[ S azV UbM?¥ T-x-ym] HCK?? ?m 5-5(b) ? U y-xm  wLD?LM?- ?m 5-5(c) ? Ub m 5-3 ? êμ8" A ü?Mm m 5-4 μ êμ8" A ü?Mm 8 ??¥8"μ CH 3 CH 2 OH-H 2 O? CH 3 CH 2 OH-C 6 H 5 CH 3 =í A ü?8"b?¨ ?Y ¥ú <s ?? ??tíE¤?BFs 1BFs 2b V[ a? I n+ yú <ZEb ]"¥μ êμr?B??Mm?¥ p-x ??Lü?CB?K????a ? (l? BFs¥?? a ?m 5-6(a) ? U9?S?m?i[ S az V UbM? ¥?? T-x-y m VC1Kú? ?m 5-6(b) ? U  y-x m VC1 wLD?L¥ ?-? ?m 5-6(c) ? Ub??¥8"μ HNO 3 -H 2 O? CH 3 OCH 3 -CHCl 3 =í A ü ?8"b??t"¥s ?9? a¨ ?Y¥ú <b 5.3.1.5 AM?so ·8"Mm ?T ·A¥? êμ?v ·A?]?s0W¥ ? ?vv?Vs ?s0W¥ ? ? * 1 ·A?B?¥F?S? =? 3Ms  n 5.6.2 ×??57?? ?AM?? 8"?SAM?so ·b L= ??M ü? ^B?  -A -A ü?Mm ?m 5-7 ? Ub? m 5-5 Kúa ? m8" A ü?Mm m 5-6 K?a ? m8" A ü?Mm m 5-7 AM?so ·8" AA ü?Mm 9 ?¥8" ? ?à? - £ a ??? - £8"?b 5.3.2 ?a?a/ ??? ]?9 ? M ü?9 ?¥ Lé ^ p |B???a ?/¥ AMF?b í ?B? N Fí¥ A ü ?31 P¨ 2N?M   T p  y 1  y 2 ?? ? y N-1  x 1  x 2 ??? x N-1 ] HM p???8"¥ 1?1 F = N-2+2 = N?31 6? N?1" T p3??M [?¥M ¥′b? N?1 " Tü ^ T 5-14' v i ii s i s i i p xp y φ γφ ? =  i = 1, 2 l N  5-14 ∑ = = N i i y 1 1 ?¥ò? ¥9 ?sYn' ?¥? ?c?? 1c¥M1c?b ()Tfp s i =  5-16 ()Tg s i =φ  5-17 () Ni xxTK ???= 1 ,γ  5-18 () N v i yypTF ???= 1 ,, ? φ  5-19 y? ??¥ A ü?9 ? ^ ??a ]?9 ? μ ?/ 1 ? 1) ??a ??F?9 ? BUBLP X? ü?? TAMF? x 1  x 2 ??? x N p  ü?a ? p  MF? y 1 y 2 ??? y N ? T 5-16 ~ 5-19¥s V?X? T? x 1  x 2 ??? x N H T 5-14¥s0 ?¥ò[? V[ê4M?¥ZE°¤9 ?¤?7s ?¥ v i φ ? 9 ?319a p ? y 1 y 2 ??? y N1N31L !ié?Y} kμ p3b ∑ i y ^??? 1 ^ ^?2 ?9 ?¥Sb 10 ? 1> ∑ i y H/B?a ???9v ∑ <1 i y H??hla ?¥ !?′ ∑ =1 i y H 9 ?2 ?b9 ? m ?m 5-8 ? Ub m 5-8 ??a ?F?9 ? m 2) ????F?9 ? BUBLT X? ü?a ? p AMF? x 1  x 2 ??? x N p  ü?? T MF? y 1 y 2 ??? y N ? T 5-16 ~ 5-19¥s V? T 5-14¥s0?¥ s i p a s i φ ? i γ ?31? T ? V[ê4M?¥ZE9 ?¤? 7s ?¥ v i φ ? 9 ?931? T1N 31 n5L ! T ?aY}b9 ? m ?m 5-9 ? Ub 8¥9 ???1 I. L ! T y1 v i φ ? D y iμ1?BQ k ? H5 7 ?μFs¥ 1 ? = v i φ  II. ¨ AntonieZ?9 ? s i p  ê4 a?¥ EOS9 ? s i φ  ê4" ?Z?9 ? i γ  III. ¨ T 5-149 ? ?μ¥ y i é79 ? ∑ i y  IV. ? ^?BQY}5BB? ?μ9 ?¤?¥ y i i[N′a !?? T ?X?a ? p  ]9 ? v i φ ?  ?? ^?BQY}K? VI V. |K?¥ v i φ ? a s i p a s i φ a i γ ?X?a ? p # x i} ? T 5-149 ? ?μ¥ y i é7 9 ? ∑ i y  11 VI. 1?Kí Q9 ?¥ ∑ i y ^?M? ?T?M?5BB? ?μ9 ?¤?¥ y i i [N′a !?? T?X?a ? p  ]9 ? v i φ ? Rí V ?TM?é ? VII VII. I3 ∑ i y ^??? 1$ ? ∑ ≠1 i y 5×?ó?? T′Rí II ? ∑ =1 i y  59 ?2 ?K?ó?¥?ü ^M ü?? TKaBQBB?¥ y i '1 MF?b 6? ?T ∑ >1 i y ×? !?? T H??μ ???MQ ∑ <1 i y H?4ú? b m 5-9 ???F?9 ? m 3) ]?a ??F?9 ? DEWP X? ü?? TAMF? y 1 y 2 ??? y N p  ü?a ? p  MF? x 1  x 2 ??? x N | T 5-14S??M?¤ i s i s i v ii i p py x γφ φ ? =  i = 1, 2 l N  5-20 ? T 5-16 ~ 5-19¥s V?X?? T ü°¤ V¤? s i p a s i φ ¥′ ?L?  p  ó?X?¥? T ?AMF? y i V9 ? v i φ ? ¥′b * 1? T Hü ^1? x i¥Y 12 } b 9 ? m ?m 5-10 ? Ub 8¥9 ???1 I. L ! p  y1 i γ D x iμ1?BQ k ? H5 7 ?μFs¥ 1= i γ  II. ¨ AntonieZ?9 ? s i p  ê4 a?¥ EOS9 ? s i φ  III. ê4 a?¥ EOS9 ? v i φ ?  IV. ¨ T 5-209 ? ?μ¥ x i é79 ? ∑ i x  V. ? ^?BQY} 5BB? ?μ9 ?¤?¥ x i i[N′?X?¥? T ]9 ? i γ  ?? ^?BQY}K? VIII VI. |K?¥ i γ ? v i φ ? a s i p a s i φ aX?¥ MF? y i a !?¥a ? p } ? T 5-209 ? ?μ¥ x i é79 ? ∑ i x  VII. Rí V VIII. 1?Kí Q9 ?¥ ∑ i x ^?M? ?T?M?5BB?KíBQ9 ?¤?¥ x i  i[N′?X?¥? T ]9 ? i γ Rí VI ?TM?é ? IX IX. I3 ∑ i x ^??? 1$ ? ∑ ≠1 i x 5×?ó? ü?a ? p ′Rí III ? ∑ =1 i x 59 ?2 ?K?ó?¥a ?ü ^M ü?a ? p KaBQBB?¥ x i ' 1AMF?b 6? ?T ∑ >1 i x a ? p ¥ !?′??μ ???MQ ∑ <1 i x H?4úa ? ! ?′b 13 m 5-10 ]?a ?F?9 ? m 4) ]???F?9 ? DEWT X? ü?a ? p  MF? y 1 y 2 ??? y N p  ü?? TAMF? x 1  x 2 ??? x N ? ?9 ?D - ?¥9 ?v]ls? úoó 8¥9 ? m ?m 5-11 ? U? V1?ó9 ???iD mv1?b 14 m 5-11 ]??F?9 ? m 5.3.3 ?a/ A ü?¥9 ? ?M ü?¥a ? ???aS H M V j1 ?X 8? ^M ü?¥9 ? T V?e1 T 5-20b ii s ii xppy γ=  i = 1, 2 l N  5-16 ??d" ? 1 ? = v i φ  1= s i φ D'? 5.3.2¥ ? ]?9 ?M1?a/¥ A ü?9 ? V [ AT ^ ? ]?9 ?¥+ èe?v?s¥ f ?/?31 =? 3* T¥ˉ¥Y}V ?μ H V[°¤ p3b ??a¥=í A ü?sa p 1 a p 2 a9a p a MF? y 1 sY1 111 xppyp i s i γ==  5-21 22222 xppyp s γ==  5-22 22211121 xpxpppp ss γγ +=+=  5-23 15 222111 111 1 xpxp xp y ss s γγ γ + =  5-24 6?ú <9 ??8 P¨Mè? αV U A ü?1" ??l1 ü? A M ¥ :s q-1b' 21 21 / / xx yy =α  5-25 ??? y 1 +y 2 =1ax 1 +x 2 =1  T Vw () 1 1 1 11 x x y ?+ = α α  5-26  T V[ AT ^'c 5.3.1 ?a?a/=í A ü?Mm? y-x m¥Vr Tb?ye ?? 3 %ú < ? ?e9 ? HYè a1 T 5-26?¥ α ^è ? L= 'L ^?a/¥  A ü?8" ?¥ α9 ^B? ? ü???AMF?7M?¥ b/ ?F[ a üb | T 5-21} ? 5-25¤ 22 11 γ γ α s s p p =  5-27  T a üMè? αD" ???? aμ1 ? %??? T?AMF? x i by 1 α ? x i μ üA¥M?ú <?T? ?B ve ¥?aa ?? aAMF??M ?yN ? ve¥Mè? α? ^?]¥b* ù¥9 ?; | α1è ?¤? 8¥ T 5-26? T¥ ü?1"/?  ? ?e ?9 ?p " -Y?¥?e9 ??Xü?  P¨??e?¥1" T b 5.3.4 Q ?"d¥ K′E? ú?9 ? 5.3.4.1 K′? K′E K′?? A ü?1M ü?1 ??l1 i i i x y K =  5-28 Fz¥ K ′ ^·?FsXür? A ü?¥8"?¥ aAM :s q-1bsY| 16 í ? A ü?¥ ?Z?E1" T 5-11?" ?E1" T 5-13} ?¤ v i l i i i i x y K φ φ ? ? ==  5-29 ( ) v i s i l i i s i s i i i i p RT ppV p x y K φ γφ ? exp ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ==  5-30  ?  T2? T 5-16 ~ 5-19s V[?C K i DM ü?¥ T p  y i x i (μ1b ?" A ü?" ¨ T 5-13? T 5-11 í ?9 V[ P¨/ TV U iii xKy =  5-31 T 5-31ü?S í ? A ü?¥ K′Eb 5.3.4.2 Q ?"d¥ K′E ? ^? K ′E¨? í ? F2?y?Q ?"d¥ A ü?8" H ?oeLp¥+? üVC ? b Q ?"d¥?t¤í ?X?t 1= i γ ] H? Lewis-Randall ?5? ?X ?tμ i v i φφ = ?  6? F2?y #¥ A ü? 'v ?a ?? túyNμ i s i s i i i i p p x y K φ φ ==  5-32 VnQ ?"d¥ K′?D T p μ17DF? y i x ií1b?" K′ V? T p £ - ?  ?+ De-Priester¥ p-T-Km ° K¥ 8′ P¤ T 5-32??e?¥ í ?  A ü?b p-T-Km ?m 5-12?m 5-13 ? Ub??m ^* ù ?T ?¨¥?ê1 atmb 17 Q ?"d¥ K ′E Lé  ^e?¥ ? ]?9 ??? K ′?D T p μ17DF? y i x ií19 ? Hü V[ 8 ? ? ]?9 ? m?9 ?F? y i x i¥ =a 3*  ?9 ?o ??M?31 ?BQ?M T p H×?° | K i ′b9 ?v1e?b è 5-1 Q ??t¥F? ?/V k pa ?1 2776 kPa 27.4 atm H??t¥ ? ??# MF?b Fí CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 6 C 3 H 8 s -C 4 H 10 ? -C 4 H 10 99 F? 0.05 0.35 0.15 0.20 0.10 0.15 1.00 3 p3 ??? H5ó¥F?'1AMF? x i b9 ?V? ?/ L? ???9 ?V?n/VK?2T[?8V Ub Fí CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 6 C 3 H 8 s -C 4 H 10 ? -C 4 H 10 99 !? ? x i 0.05 0.35 0.15 0.20 0.10 0.15 1.00 K i 6.0 1.3 0.47 0.43 0.20 0.381 - 24 ¥ y i 0.30 0.455 0.0705 0.086 0.02 0.0207 0.952 K i 6.2 1.37 0.51 0.45 0.212 0.147 - 26 ¥ y i 0.306 0.480 0.0765 0.090 0.0212 0.0220 0.996 BB? y i 0.307 0.482 0.0768 0.0904 0.0213 0.0221 1.000 5.3.4.3 ú?# 9 ? p-T-Km K i i = 1,2…6 x i y i i = 1,2…6 ∑ i y = 1 end ≠ 1 Rí ?? t p = 27.4 atm L ! t m 5-12 p-T-Kmú??s m 5-13 p-T-Km???s 18 ú?9 ? ^ K ′E??eL y?9 ?ZE¥B?y??¨ L èb9F?1 z 1  z 2 …z N ¥?M?t?8"¥? Taa ? pé ? ? ]? -W H1?á 3 r? A ü?¥ M MF ?1 y 1 y 2 ??? y NAMF?1? x 1 x 2 ??? x N b L=  ú? ^?) ü?s ?V?bú? ??a ?¥A8 ?t ?Ta ???r? ??a ?D ]?a ?- Wü??s ?? 3 ú? ?m 5-14 ? Ub 7 ú?7¥é  1 F ú?a¥ M 1 VAM  1 L5 ? q1 e = V/FA? q1 l = L/F 1=+le b ú?V?] H??é  o?? £ ?D¥M ü?e5'9¥t  ü?Fí¥t  ü?? A ü?b LVF +=  5-33 iii LxVyFz +=  i = 1, 2 l N  5-34 iii xKy =  i = 1, 2 l N  5-35 ó ?3¤ ()11 +? = i i i Ke z x  i = 1, 2 l N  5-36 ()11 +? = i ii i Ke zK y  i = 1, 2 l N  5-37 ?? A MF? y i x i′?? ?? ?31] H ?@ ∑ =1 i y  ∑ =1 i x b ?T ?) ?¥8" ^Q ?"d¥?t * 1 K i ′ü V[V p-T-K m °bB? ú? -¥?t¥9F? z i ^X?¥? ?]¥X?? p | ú?s1 ? ? 1) X? Tap p ú?a¥A?s q la AMF? y i? x i b p-T-Km K i i = 1,2…N T (5-43) x i i = 1,2…N ∑ i x = 1 ≠ 1 Rí ?? l p  T z i L ! l iii xKy = ∑ i y i = 1,2…N BB? {2T l y i x i m 5-14 ú? Uim 19 2) X? TaA?s q l p ú?a ? pa AMF? y i? x i b 3) X? paA?s q l p ú?? Ta AMF? y i? x i b è 5-2 d? (1)isà? 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A ü? ? AM¥ ü?F?s Y¨ wL AE? ACV U ? ?1 u× β V = AM¥ ü?F?sY¨ wL BE? BD V U ?8"ê? u× V =5 ^?B¥ M ub?8"¥??? T* H8"| ^ -B?s) ?¥AA ü?"db m 5 25? ?H<°L í ?  ??? ?a/ ? ?¥M?o? ?  ?)¥ê??] |ü ??]¥M?b m 5 25 ??a ?/¥?? ü?F? wLm 5 25o? ?B??a ?/¥ AA ü? wL L=  ü?MF?? ü? wL¥ ê? ?a ?7M?b? ^B?¥a ?S? =Mm9¥+??Mb m 5 26 ??Mm ?m 5 26? ??Mmb??a ?A8 ·3?μ D?Y ??AM u¥ HH ?L α 1 x ? β 1 x +?? ^<°Lb m 5 25#m 5 26 ??¥ A ü?L ?m 5 27F? α 1 x ? β 1 x -W¥A8s1 33 aBa¥F?1 α 1 x  6Ba¥F?1 β 1 x b AMμ]"¥ ??9μ]"¥ MF? * 1 y iNF???d (M mtbN? mt¥AMF?? MF?i?M?N? f ?/ V[ P¨ú <¥ZE? | ?BFí?? ?¨ ??ú <B? ó????t¥s ?b ?y 3á?d (M mt¥8" ^?¥ μ?μt? £ μN ? A ü?1"b 34  AAM ü?8"? t8"??? mtb ?m 5 28N ?8"¥ ü? ·3 α 1 x ? β 1 x ? L¥]B§ ü?L?D?LM?b i1 α 1 x ? β 1 x ¥A8?M]¥? F? * 1 y ? * 1 y ′? α 1 x ? β 1 x -Wb??8"1? n ?ìd?? £ ^ ?-Bb AAM ü?¥9 ? ^ A ü?9 ?¥ü %+Y31?iAM?so ·i?"úd ?X?F? 9 ? H? ? I n ??AM ?X?¥B?L !b 5.7.3 A ü? A ü? GLE ^·è?Hq/  ?FíDA ?FíW¥ ü?1"b GLE?à μB?Fí ^d `?¥ 8bèa/¥ GLEè$e?1?1 8 ·3 8 ·3?1) ? 8¥ ·3 b7 GLE 531Y$ M?AM¥F?bC}y<? ?¨ò? 8A8? ·3 ? ?¥?] V[ LC 8¥s ?e  ¥ê?[#ìa?l ¥) ?yN GLE¥ ? ?ù?μ×1ilb Baèa/¥ A ü? 8A8?¥ ·3 ? M ü? ?  A ü?¥'1" T1 l i g i ff ?? =  5 82 ?=í A ü? ·é 1FíAM?¥ i?? P¨??" ? 1 * 12,1111 ?? xHpyf g γφ ==  5 83 ? H 1,2 ^ ·é 1 ·4 2?¥ Henryè ? ?D ·éa ·4¥? ?[#?μ1b 7 ·4Fí 2 ˉ?¨?BB?¥" ? 2222222 ?? xppyf ssg γφφ ==  5 84 ?"d¥a ??? He?1 12,11 xHpy =  5 85 222 xppy s =  5 86 ' ·éFí 1?? Henry? p7 ·4Fí 2?? Raoult? pb ? ?1í¥?a A ü? ·é? ·45]"sY?? Henry? p? Raoult? pb =aa ? 8 ·3¥?Y ??/?d i f ? i £ ?D1" RT V p f L i xT i = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ln } ? Henryè ? solventi H , ¥?l T i i x solventi x f H i ? lim 0 , → = 35 ¤ RT V p H i T solventi ∞ = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ln  5 87 ? ^?ú¤a ?S? = ·é¥" ? àμ üA¥M? V[T1è ?) ? ·é i¥d i f ? ? 1? i x ?? Henry? p isolventii xHf , ? =  5 88 s T 5 87¤ RT V H x f H p p i p solventi i i solventi r r ∫ ∞ +== )( ,, ln ? lnln  5 89 T? )( , r p solventi H V U ?i?1a ? r p / iFí ·4?¥ Henryè ?b? i x 10 H s solvent r pp = b ?T8"¥?ù?? ·4¥ "?? V[L ! ∞ i V Da ?í15 () s solvent ip solventi i i pp RT V H x f s solvent ?+= ∞ )( , ln ? ln  5 90 ?=í ·A ·é1 1 ·41 25 T 5 901 () sp pp RT V H x f s 2 1)( 2,1 1 1 2 ln ? ln ?+= ∞  5 91  T?1 Krichevsky Kasarnovsy Z?b?¨NZ?31 ?L ! B ^ ?ù?¥ i x S? = i x A??lb = ^íK d¥ ·AA? ^? Va ê¥byN?Z?¨? Henry? p a¨S? =¥ 8¥ ·39 ?b ?8"¥ ?¤í? "? u H 8AM?¥ i i x 1?v H5 T 5 90? a¨b ?a? 8 ·3¥?Y 8A8?¥ ·3 ??¥ 6ú V[hl9 V[9Fb? 8 ·3¥?Y??D8"μ 1?D ?ù?¥ 8?′μ1b ?=í ·A ·éFí 1¥ ·3?? RT SS T x gl p 111 ln ? =? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? V[1 R SS T x gl p 111 ln ln ? =? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  5 97 L£ ü ??S?? z 8¥ ·3? )( 11 gl SS ? V[ ATB?è ?s T 5 97¤ T T R SS x x gl ′? = ′ lnln 11 1 1  5 98 o1?? B? T/ 8 1¥ ·3 1 x ? ·3?5 V[ ?¨ T 5 98 p¤ ?i  e? T′/ ? 8¥ ·3 1 x′b ?""da ?¥9v 8A8¥ ·3| üA9vN H A ü?¥9 ?D A ü?dèM ?b ?1¥ZE9 ^" ?E? ?Z?Eb 1a" ?E9 ? A ü? 36 8Fí 1  M¥d¨d" ?9 ?7AM?¥d¨d?¥" ?9 ? ·4Fí i G ?ê¨?" ? V[¤?" ?E9 ? A ü?¥'1" T1 1 * 1,111 ? xHpy s g γφ =  5 99 iii g ii xfpy γφ * ? =  5 100 * 1 γ 11FíAM?¥d?" ? 9 ?1"1 1 0 1 * 1 lnlimlnln 1 γγγ → ?= x  5 101 o1?? 1 lnγ ¥Vr T?  Tü V[9 ? * 1 γ b  p¤d?" ?aL V[ ?¨ A ü?'1"é?9 ? bNEB?¨?a ?? tú H¥ A ü?9 ?b ?a ?Z?9 ? A ü? ?¨ ?Z?E V[?z19 ? A ü?+Y ^úa¥ A ü?bZE¥1o ˉ ? ^ê4? a¥ ?Z??M?¥??5b 9 ?Z?1 l ii g ii pxpy φφ ?? =  5 103 i V[e?1 g i l i i i i x y K φ φ ? ? ==  5 104 aA M31ê4]Bd" ?¥Vr Tb P¨ ?Z?Eé? A ü?9 ?¥B???1  1 ê4? a¥ ?Z?#D-M a?¥??5b  2 ?? "Sf ?b訥 "Sf ?μ[/+? A MdM?9 ?? L¥a ?M?Fí ¥ iM?[#a ?FFí i¥F???b ? A MdM?¥ "Sf ?Vr T1 () ∑∑ == ?= N j M i j l i g i ffF 11 2 ??  5 105 ? F1 "Sf ? M? NsY1Fí ?? L? ?b ?V U1 ( ) ∑∑ == ?= N j M i j l i g i ffF 11 2 ? ln ? ln  5 106  3 ¨a?ZEíB¤? V?? ??B? ^??9 ?¥1ob? ?¥ p ? ^B?3dL?Z?F¥ ù531¨a?¥ZEé?boμ¤?M?8"¥=í V?? ?? V[é? A ü?9 ?b ? ?íB¥??V? V¨9 ? m ?V Unm 5 29b  4 ¤?=í V?? ?aL Vé? A ü?¥9 ?b? ^??9 ?¥ "¥b 9 ?V?n m ?m 5 30bB? V[é? =???w9 ?Yè =?9 ?rT?z? w¥2T?? tzb 5.7.4 %A ü? %A ü?9 ^B ?×1¥M ü??1μ  ?B ? ^ ·3 ü? 6B ? ^ ? μ ü?b -? ^?]? D k"¥A8?%8W¥ ü?) ?¥×? ^%8A8?¥ ·3ù5a?5 ^M]?D k"¥ ? μ 37 ?%8? TW¥ ü?b? úá ì?1o  ·3 ü?b Ba%A ü?¥ £ ?D1" %A ü???M ü?¥' ? ' ü?1"1 s i l i ff ?? =  5 107 T? S l? ssY}VAM?%Mb ? M?¥d (¨" ?V U5μ i s i s ii l i l i zfxf γγ =  5 108 ? z i 1iFí%M? :s q l i f ? s i f sY1B iA8?B i%8¥db 7 l i s i i f f =ψ 5 T 5 108M1 i s iii l i zx γψγ =  5 109YVw? £ ü ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = TTR H mi im i 11 expψ  5 114 5%A ü?9 ?¥1" T1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = TTR H zx mi im i s ii l i 11 expγγ  5 115 p3%A ü?ù5G ?31" ? s i l i γγ ? D?#F?¥M?1" ? p3 l i γ 訥 ^ WilsonZ ?7 s i γ 9 ?V?èè ^÷ˉ¥C?) ? ?K f ? ?B%A M (1 ?X ·A ?=AM1 ?X ·A7%M?o ·b ?B? f ? ??%A M (1 ?X ·A 1== s i l i γγ ?=í8" V[3 ( ) 21 2 1 21 21 1 1 1 ψψ ψ ψψ ψψ ? ? = ? ? = z x  5 117 ?? mi TT = H 1= i ψ yN? 1m TT = H 1 11 == zx ? 2m TT = H 0 11 == zx 5?C m 5 31 ? U¥i??%A ü?Mmb m 5 31?  ?¥ wL1 `%L/ ?¥ wL1 ?3L L-W1%A i ub %A ü?? 1D A ü??¥ Raoult? pdè ? ?b 38 ?=? f? AM1 ?X ·A7%M?o ·5 1= s ii z γ 5?=í8" T 5 109 V[1 11 ψ=x  5 118 22 ψ=x  5 119 m 5 32? ?? f?¥%A ü?Mmb 21 ,ψψ ?o ^?¥f ? 21 , xx 9o ^?¥f ?bm 5 32 ? í?  ???]¥ ü? ? wL BE? AE[#? Eb wL BE? AEsY ^%8 1? 2¥ ·3 wL T 5 118? T 5 119 ] H a¨?B?+ y? E?? ??¥??1K? ?? e T  wL BE ? AE -  ^A8 ·A u K? ??-/ ^ ?%8 u m?¥ I? IIsY1%8 1?%8 2DAM¥ i ub ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? == TTR H x m m 11 exp 1 1 11 ψ  5 120 a¨? 1m TT = ? e TT = S? =b 7Z? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?=?= TTR H xx m m 11 exp11 2 2 21  5 121 a¨? 2m TT = ? e TT = S? =b ? ?Z? ó ?5 V[óK? ?? H?¥K? ?F? e x 1  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?= ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = em m em m e TTR H TTR H x 11 exp1 11 exp 2 2 1 1 1  5 122 US e T ? e x 1 ?l K? ? ?' ?M ü? ?b?HL F?1 e x 1 ¥AMDB%8 1 ?B%8 2 i?ü ^%%A ?M ü?b 5.7.5 % ü??? "? @8%8 A8?¥ ·3 Ba % ü? B%8Fí 1DcμFí 1?Fí 2¥=í? ?t L !?=í? ? ·?%M)? % M ü? ?b? M? 2Fí$?1o ·4p  1Fí5$?1o ·ép b1Fí M?¥ :s q 1 y L ^  ·4?¥ ·3b 1Fí¥ ·3 1 y ^?  ·4??a ?¥f ?b "doμB?M ü?Z? vs ff 11 ? =  5 123 39 i O ( ) RT ppV pf sats satsats 11 111 exp ? =φ  5 124 vv pyf 111 ?? φ=  5 125 |Z? 5 123j 5 125 ó ? V[3¤ 1 y 1 1 1 1 E p p y sat =  5 126 ( ) RT ppV E sats v sat 11 1 1 1 exp ? ? = φ φ  5 127 ? ! ( ) RT ppV sats 11 1 exp ? =Φ ?1Fí 1¥Poyntingy0b f ? E 1 YV sat 1 φ ? v 1 ? φ Q? M¥d ?X?7a ?%8d¥?YYV· ?¥ Poynting y0V C ?b@?¥a ?/ E 1 ?1 p p y sat 1 1 = b??a ?úa/ M¥d ?X?M¤×1  ? Poynting y09? ?- {bYè?a/ p p y sat 1 1 = ¥′ ^?l¥??"da ??ú H E 1 ¥′á ?9 v P¤%8úa @8?¥ ·39á ?9v# E 1 $?1Fí 1¥9 <y0b =a ? "? @8%8 A8?¥ ·3 è??èa/%8 8?¥ ·3?lB? ^ V[- {¥?? ·4?V  "??¥?? a ? 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