Writing 1
Unit 2
05.9
Objectives
? 1.Understanding the types of essays
? 2.Understanding the importance of
? writing process
? 3.Understand the importance of audience
orientation
? 4.Start a task of,personal narrative”
Content
? 1.summary of last article
? 2.exchange writing activity
? 3,A brief introduction of types of essays
? 4.Writing is a process
? 5.writing is a social act
? 6.Task:write a story about yourself to your
classmates
1.
Types of essays
? 1,Description:
? Painting a picture in words of a person,place,
object,or scene.
? 2,Narration:
? Give an account of an event or a series of events.
? 3,Exposition:
? Explain or explore something,(e,g,process of
make a machine,the causes of a natural or social
phenomenon,the planning of a project,or a
solution of a problem)
? * Description mainly deal with appearance and
feelings,and narration with events and
experiences,unlike the two,the exposition mainly
deals with relationships as well as processes.
? Things can be explained by illustration,process,
classification,and division,comparison,contrast,
and analysis of their causes and effects or
definition,That is to say,methods that are good
for paragraph development are also good for
expository essays.
? 4,Argumentation:
? unlike the purpose of exposition,which
aims to inform,the purpose of
argumentation is to convince.
? You should do your best to meet the
following requirements:
? 1) A debatable point:
? Eg,Noise is the most harmful of all
environmental pollution; Part-time study is helpful
for young students;
? 2) Sufficient evidence:
? Common knowledge,specific example,facts (not
opinions unless the opinions are expert and
authoritative;) statistics,and quotations from
authorities.
? 3) Logic ways of reasoning:
? (1) Inductive reasoning（ 归纳 ） From facts
to a general conclusion.
? (2)Deductive reasoning （ 演绎 ） From
general to specific
? German cars are well built.
? Volkswagens are German cars
? My Volkswagen is well built.
II,Process of Writing
? 1,Generate ideas(inventing)
? search for a topic(free
writing,brainstorming,branching,cubing,questionin
g …and research,research activities can go
throughout the whole writing process)
? 2,Outlining
? Sort out the meaningful connections among your
ideas and information and start to plan your essay
? (your goal (what kind of house you would like to
build)---how to organize your ideas and
information to achieve them---drafting
? 3,draft(construction of the house begin)
? 4,Revise
? Macro revision and micro revision
? 5,Edit and proofreading
? To make sure every word,phrase,and
sentence is clear and correct
? Recursive:often moves back and forth
III.writing is a social act
? Topic of subject
? Audience
? Same topic different audience –different
content,structure,style,etc.(social
relations,knowledge,attitudes…)
? Purpose and role
Personal narrative
? Narrative writing is a story telling,A personal
narrative is simply a story taken from your life.
? It is organized chronologically,and relies on
narration,sometimes in combination with
description and other kinds of writing,If it is a short
one,you?d better choose one main point or incident,
you should give enough specific details and facts so
that readers can see and feel the experience rather
than read about it.
Before writing activity:
? 1,Asking questions:
? What is happening?
? When did it begin?
? What is causing it to happen?
? What does it do?
? How is it being done?
? Where is it being done?
? Why is it happening?
? What dose it look like?
Learn how to write (textbook p72)
? Time order
? Maintaining a focus
? Selecting key events
? Using description as support
? Tailoring the story
Possible topics
? 1,my first…
?
? 2,a lesson I will never forget
?
? 3,A visit to…
?
? 4,an unforgettable experience
?
Samples:
When I was sixteen,I overheard a conversation between
my mother and my father that changed my life,On this
particular day,I had stayed home from school because of
an attack of asthma哮喘 that I frequently suffered,While
resting in my bedroom,I could overhear my parents
discussing my illness.
?I wonder if asthma is inherited,my mother said.? No one
in my family or in yours has ever had it, Tom must have
inherited it from his mother and father”.
“from his mother and father!” I could not believe my ears.
Weren?t those two people in the living room my father an
mother? If they were not,then who were my parents?
Suddenly,I realized what they had meant,I was adopted.
That night I could hardly sleep,shaken by what I had overheard,The
nest morning I confronted my parents with the words I had
overheard and demanded to know the truth The looked nervously at
each other,trying to find the words to answer me,Finally,my
mother told me the story My real parents were unmarried,and I had
been put up for adoption shortly after my birth,Their present
whereabouts were unknown,My adoptive parents had been unable
to have children of their own,and the adoption agency awarded me
to them when I was two months old.
For a few weeks I was confused in my feelings,I
wondered what their occupations were,and even such
little things as what they did for hobbies and
entertainment,But little by little,my attitude and
thoughts changed,I began to appreciate my parents in
a new and powerful way,When I saw the ways in
which they had to economize by skipping a vacation
or driving an old car,I realized the sacrifices they had
made for me.
The shock is experienced that night when I heard that
conversation was soon replaced by an increased love
and admiration for two important people in my life:
my mother and dad.
Revision Checklist(from Robert)
? After you write your personal narrative,answer
the following questions:
? 1,Did I select one main incident and stick to it?
? 2,Did I arrange the events chronologically,or in
order of the happening?
? 3,Did I build up to a certain point or idea?
? 4,Did I give examples and details to support my
point?
? 5,Did I check the dictionary when I wasn?t sure
how to spell a word.
?
Reader-Writer Response (From
Reid)
? R,Answer the question,Be specific,Then complete
the following statements:
? The best part of this article was__________.
? When I finished the essay I
thought/felt_____________.
? One place I disagreed was where you
said__________
? One experience or idea I had that was similar to this
was___________
? When you said______,I thought about _________.
? One suggestion I want to make to improve the paper
is __________.
Unit 2
05.9
Objectives
? 1.Understanding the types of essays
? 2.Understanding the importance of
? writing process
? 3.Understand the importance of audience
orientation
? 4.Start a task of,personal narrative”
Content
? 1.summary of last article
? 2.exchange writing activity
? 3,A brief introduction of types of essays
? 4.Writing is a process
? 5.writing is a social act
? 6.Task:write a story about yourself to your
classmates
1.
Types of essays
? 1,Description:
? Painting a picture in words of a person,place,
object,or scene.
? 2,Narration:
? Give an account of an event or a series of events.
? 3,Exposition:
? Explain or explore something,(e,g,process of
make a machine,the causes of a natural or social
phenomenon,the planning of a project,or a
solution of a problem)
? * Description mainly deal with appearance and
feelings,and narration with events and
experiences,unlike the two,the exposition mainly
deals with relationships as well as processes.
? Things can be explained by illustration,process,
classification,and division,comparison,contrast,
and analysis of their causes and effects or
definition,That is to say,methods that are good
for paragraph development are also good for
expository essays.
? 4,Argumentation:
? unlike the purpose of exposition,which
aims to inform,the purpose of
argumentation is to convince.
? You should do your best to meet the
following requirements:
? 1) A debatable point:
? Eg,Noise is the most harmful of all
environmental pollution; Part-time study is helpful
for young students;
? 2) Sufficient evidence:
? Common knowledge,specific example,facts (not
opinions unless the opinions are expert and
authoritative;) statistics,and quotations from
authorities.
? 3) Logic ways of reasoning:
? (1) Inductive reasoning（ 归纳 ） From facts
to a general conclusion.
? (2)Deductive reasoning （ 演绎 ） From
general to specific
? German cars are well built.
? Volkswagens are German cars
? My Volkswagen is well built.
II,Process of Writing
? 1,Generate ideas(inventing)
? search for a topic(free
writing,brainstorming,branching,cubing,questionin
g …and research,research activities can go
throughout the whole writing process)
? 2,Outlining
? Sort out the meaningful connections among your
ideas and information and start to plan your essay
? (your goal (what kind of house you would like to
build)---how to organize your ideas and
information to achieve them---drafting
? 3,draft(construction of the house begin)
? 4,Revise
? Macro revision and micro revision
? 5,Edit and proofreading
? To make sure every word,phrase,and
sentence is clear and correct
? Recursive:often moves back and forth
III.writing is a social act
? Topic of subject
? Audience
? Same topic different audience –different
content,structure,style,etc.(social
relations,knowledge,attitudes…)
? Purpose and role
Personal narrative
? Narrative writing is a story telling,A personal
narrative is simply a story taken from your life.
? It is organized chronologically,and relies on
narration,sometimes in combination with
description and other kinds of writing,If it is a short
one,you?d better choose one main point or incident,
you should give enough specific details and facts so
that readers can see and feel the experience rather
than read about it.
Before writing activity:
? 1,Asking questions:
? What is happening?
? When did it begin?
? What is causing it to happen?
? What does it do?
? How is it being done?
? Where is it being done?
? Why is it happening?
? What dose it look like?
Learn how to write (textbook p72)
? Time order
? Maintaining a focus
? Selecting key events
? Using description as support
? Tailoring the story
Possible topics
? 1,my first…
?
? 2,a lesson I will never forget
?
? 3,A visit to…
?
? 4,an unforgettable experience
?
Samples:
When I was sixteen,I overheard a conversation between
my mother and my father that changed my life,On this
particular day,I had stayed home from school because of
an attack of asthma哮喘 that I frequently suffered,While
resting in my bedroom,I could overhear my parents
discussing my illness.
?I wonder if asthma is inherited,my mother said.? No one
in my family or in yours has ever had it, Tom must have
inherited it from his mother and father”.
“from his mother and father!” I could not believe my ears.
Weren?t those two people in the living room my father an
mother? If they were not,then who were my parents?
Suddenly,I realized what they had meant,I was adopted.
That night I could hardly sleep,shaken by what I had overheard,The
nest morning I confronted my parents with the words I had
overheard and demanded to know the truth The looked nervously at
each other,trying to find the words to answer me,Finally,my
mother told me the story My real parents were unmarried,and I had
been put up for adoption shortly after my birth,Their present
whereabouts were unknown,My adoptive parents had been unable
to have children of their own,and the adoption agency awarded me
to them when I was two months old.
For a few weeks I was confused in my feelings,I
wondered what their occupations were,and even such
little things as what they did for hobbies and
entertainment,But little by little,my attitude and
thoughts changed,I began to appreciate my parents in
a new and powerful way,When I saw the ways in
which they had to economize by skipping a vacation
or driving an old car,I realized the sacrifices they had
made for me.
The shock is experienced that night when I heard that
conversation was soon replaced by an increased love
and admiration for two important people in my life:
my mother and dad.
Revision Checklist(from Robert)
? After you write your personal narrative,answer
the following questions:
? 1,Did I select one main incident and stick to it?
? 2,Did I arrange the events chronologically,or in
order of the happening?
? 3,Did I build up to a certain point or idea?
? 4,Did I give examples and details to support my
point?
? 5,Did I check the dictionary when I wasn?t sure
how to spell a word.
?
Reader-Writer Response (From
Reid)
? R,Answer the question,Be specific,Then complete
the following statements:
? The best part of this article was__________.
? When I finished the essay I
thought/felt_____________.
? One place I disagreed was where you
said__________
? One experience or idea I had that was similar to this
was___________
? When you said______,I thought about _________.
? One suggestion I want to make to improve the paper
is __________.
