范文评析：Television as a Better Source of News Among the three mass media television, newspaper and radio (短语作引言句)I regard television as a better source of news（自己的观点，即全文的中心思想）。 My statement that television is a better source of news (段首句用同位语从句与首段中心思想衔接) is based on the following two reasons (对全段内容加以限定). The first reason is that television can report news more quickly (层次1). We can get the news at the same time when something is happening or immediately after something happened（拓展句）. While（转折，引出其它媒体的缺点不足）newspapers can only offer the news that happened a day or two days ago. The second reason is that television can report news more vividly and impressively（层次2）. With sounds and pictures on TV, we can be deeply impressed by the news as if we were personally on the spot（拓展句举例说明）. But （转折，指出不足）when we try to get news from the newspaper, we have to concentrate our mind on the lines and use our imaginations to form a concrete image, which is always tiresome and time-consuming. According to the above mentioned reasons, we can easily draw a conclusion that television is really a better source of news（总结，重申首段观点）. 范文评析：The Main Difference between Exam-oriented Education and Quality-oriented Education Education in China used to be exam-oriented one. But with the development of education reform, quality-oriented education is stressed again and again. So there rises a question: What is the main difference (题目要点) between these two? (提问法开头) According to my understanding, exam-oriented education focuses on students’ ability of passing examinations of different levels. This education is to test the student’s command of knowledge they have obtained from the textbooks. So examination results are the only criterion which is used to evaluate the students whether they are “excellent” ones or “bad” ones（应试教育的主要特点）. However（转折引出素质教育的特点）, quality-oriented education focuses on students’ various qualities, including academic quality, moral quality, cultural quality, most important, their individual personality and potentialities. The main purpose of the education is to bring students’ practical potentialities into full play. Quality-oriented education can teach students now to face difficulties and solve problems independently. From the above comparison between exam-oriented education and quality-oriented education, we find that the latter one is superior（表明作者的倾向性）. So it is time for our universities and colleges to bring quality-oriented education into students’ daily life（提出建议）. 范文评析：Faleng Cult Should Be Banned in Our Country Faleng Cult, a superstitious organization, was abolished by our government last year(用事实陈述作引言). Its abolition was applauded by most of the Chinese people and the overseas Chinese(隐含式中心思想，表达作者支持取缔法轮功的态度). FalengCult should be banned because it worked against science, society and human being(段落主题紧扣全文主题思想，并对段落内容加以限定). Faleng Cult worked against science by implanting pseudo-scientific ideas in its believers(层次名1-“反科学”). Its main doctrine was that when people were ill they shouldn’t go to see the doctors and take any medicine, but stay at home and practice the Faleng Gong for recovery. Such a doctrine resulted in the death of many people（举例说明其危害性）. Faleng cult worked against society(层次句2-“反社会”). It urged its practitioner to demonstrate protests against the non-believers who criticized its abnormal behaviors and some news agencies that exposed its illegal activities. Its purpose was to make chaos in our society and undermine the stability of our normal social and family life(举例说明其危害性). Faleng Cult also worked against human beings(层次句3-“反人类”). Many followers turned out to be so indifferent to normal daily life after practicing Faleng Gong that many families were brought to the edge of bread-up. Many tragedies proved that Faleng Cult was really an evil organization(举例说明其危害性). Faleng Cult’s motives are very vicious(指出其邪恶本质), therefore, it should be rooted out in our country(点题，得出结论)。 范文评析：Is Money All Powerful? In modern society, may people are money-oriented, they believe “money talks” and they try their best to run after money (事实陈述法作引言句). While(转折，表达自己的看法)in my opinion, money is not all powerful in some aspects. I have sufficient reasons to explain my statement that money is not all powerful(段落主题句用同谓结构重申自己观点，同时又承上启下). With money, we can only buy some material things, but not the spiritual ones(层次句1). For example(举例说明金钱的局限性), we can buy a big house, but we may fail to have a family; We may buy any medicine with money, but we may not have a good health. Running after money so eagerly ay lead to violations of the law and breaks of discipline(层次句2，说明追逐金钱的危害性). Many criminals admit that they committed crimes just for the purpose of making more money. When in prison, it is too late for them to blame themselves. From the above analyses, we can see that money is not so powerful. Therefore, we should possess a correct attitude towards money and try not to be the slave of money(得出结论，提出建议)。 范文评析：Why College Students Have Difficulty Finding Jobs A recent survey shows that about 30% college students can’t find a suitable job after their graduation from college. And the number seems to be increasing(用数据法开头，通过具休数据提出问题). The causation of this phenomenon lies in three aspects(段落主题句，分析其原因，并用三个方面加以限定). First(原因之一), our society can’t provide sufficient labor force division. Second(原因之二), the academic subjects of the college students fail to meet the needs of a certain job. What they have learned in college falls far behind the practical working requirements. Third(原因之三), college students are too particular about their future job. Many graduates only want to have a job with high salary. They refuse to work in the area of harsh living an working conditions(具体说明). The above-mentioned analyses tell us that the causes are various. But if college students don’t take personal interests into consideration too much and if they change their employment concept, they can still have chance to find a job(用条件句提出解决问题的建议)。 范文评析：Teenage Smoking Soars It is reported that in the past ten years China has experienced an alarming increase in teenage smoking: about 28% teenagers are puffing at cigarettes.（用数据法引出青少年吸烟人数增多这一社会现象） The factors for a great increase in teenage smoking are both external and internal （段落主题句指出造成这一现象的原因有二：外在原因和内在原因）.For one thing （原因之一，外在的）with the improvement of living standard, teenagers have more pocket money to get access to cigarettes. And with so many cigarette advertisements around them, teenagers are easily lured. For another（原因之二，内在的）, teenagers begin to smoke just out of curiosity. They have a subconscious feeling that smoking will make them “mature” and “cool”. It has become a common recognition that teenage smoking has to be prevented. The whole society may conduct a more extensive campaign to make them aware of the importance of giving up smoking.（提出解决问题的方法） 这里需要指出的是，英语专业四级命题作文的段落提示大多数采用下列方式： 第一段要求“明确地提出自己的观点”。 第二段要求“用恰当的论据或材料来支持自己的观点”。 第三段要求“由此自然地得出结论” 学生必须严格按此要求进行写作。 My dearest friend, Recently I have noticed a habit of yours that is becoming a serious problem. It is your smoking. As long as you are in, our bedroom is filled with terrible smell and the ashtray is always overflowed with cigarette butts. You are ruining your health smoking. Nicotine in the cigarette not only destroys your brain cells, but also damages your lungs and windpipes. Heavy smoking correlates highly with cancer. The scientists have already proved that, and I am not scaring you. Smoking harms not only your health, but also of others around you. Our roommates sometimes have to stay away from the dormitory for fear of the terrible smell. As a result, the brotherhood among us is gradually fading. So you see the bad effects of smoking outweigh the “good feeling” by a large margin. It is quite to quit this habit if you are determined to give it up. Where there is a will, there is way. We will always be of your help. Yours truly, Shi you A Letter to the Mayor Mr. Mayor, As a senior citizen of this city, I noticed from the City News on City Channel that you smoke in various occasions. Obviously, you are a heavy smoker and have addicted to this habit for years. I guess as the mayor of the city, you must be very busy and don’t have time to give a serious consideration of such trifle. However, in my opinion, it is no trifle at all. Within the city, the mayor is the most influential public figure and sometimes he is respected as the model of life for children. “The mayor smokes too ” Students who are advised to quit smoking would thus justify their behavior. Outside the city, a mayor is the representative from who people form their impressions about the city and the city people. Therefore, considering your social status and influence, it is important for you pay attention to proper behavior. Citizens in this city all know that you are not only a tactful statesman, but also a high-educated intellectual. I think it is the most improbable that you neglect the fact that modern science have approved that smoking does great harm to the smoker’s health as well as the health of those who breathe the second-hand smoke. We all admire your wisdom and your knowledge and hope you will make a wise choice between smoking and living healthily, not only for you, but also for all the people of this city. I personally used to be a cigarette addict, but I gave up the habit at the age of 56 when I realized the harm of smoking. From my personal experience, I can assure you to quit smoking is nothing difficult if you make up your mind to give it up. People all over the city will give you encouragement on that. Yours sincerely, Gong Ming 邀请 邀请函一般应该包括以下内容 A诚挚邀请对方参加某一活动； B概括介绍活动的内容和安排； C再次表示诚意。 例如以下是一篇简短的邀请友人参加晚宴的邀请函： Dear Mrs. Li, May 5,2003 We should be very much pleased if you and Mr. Li would dine with us on Wednesday at 7 0’clock. (诚挚邀请对方参加晚宴)It will be quite a small party, as we have only asked Mr. And Mrs. Anderson and Miss Chang Ling, all close friends of ours. (简单介绍晚宴的内容与参与者)We trust you will be disengaged and able to give us the pleasure of your company.(再次表示诚意) Truly yours, Tom 接受邀请 邀请函收件人的反应或是欣然接受，或是表示婉拒。例如： 表示接受的便条至少会包括以下内容： A感谢 B确切表示会赴邀。 Dear Mr. Tom, Please accept our hearty thanks for your kind invitation to your hoe dinner on Wednesday. Thank you for including us among limited number of your guests. You may be sure we will join you on that day and we are looking forward to the pleasure of being with you. Yours sincerely, Li Hong 表示接受的常用语汇有： We are delighted to accept…… It is with great pleasure…… We are sincerely happy to join you…… 婉拒 拒绝邀请的便条往往包括以下部分： A收到邀请； B表示感谢； C阐述不能赴邀的原因； D表示遗憾和良好的祝愿。 Dear Mr. Tom, May 6,2003 We are very appreciative of your so warmly including us among your selected guests for Wednesday. Most unfortunately, however, we shall be unable to avail ourselves of your kind invitation on account of a previous engagement for the same day. I have ordered the Xinxin Department Store to deliver you a trifle, which please accept as a humble token of our felicitation on the party. With best wishes for a very jolly home diner. Yours sincerely, Li Hong 表示婉拒的常用语汇有： I shall have to say no to your kind invitation…… Very regretfully,…… Unfortunately, it will be impossible…… Because of, we find we cannot…… 感谢 感谢信也常常包括三个部分： A对于收信人的惠助表示感谢； B解释感谢的原因或对方的帮助给自己带来的好处； C再次表示诚挚谢意。 例如以下是一封感谢老师推荐的信件： Dear Mr. Wallash, April 12, 1999 I’ m sincerely grateful for your generous recommendation, I am now a post-graduate of the History Department of California University and I will begin my study here tomorrow. (表示感谢)The Dean of our department, Pro. Hopkins did read your letter carefully and said he was glad to have a student of yours in his pleasant experience of working together with you in Beijing University and expressed his wish to invite you a visiting scholar to our department. (解释感谢的原因)Than you again for your help in recommending me as a postgraduate.(再次表示谢意) Yours sincerely, Li Hong 表示感谢的常用语汇有： I don ‘t know how to express my gratitude for you…… I cannot tell your how much I owe you…… It was thoughtful(more than kind, generous, etc)of you…… Thank you again for your generosity(hospitality, generous help, etc……) 祝贺 表祝贺的便条有多种，如节日，生日，乔迁，病愈，入学，毕业，就业，比赛，考试等等。要将祝贺的内容写简练，要掌握几种表祝贺的特殊句型。 Dear Tom, May 12,2004 I just write to express my heartiest congratulations on your moving into your new house. It is really good news you have at last a house of your own designing, located on a scenic hillside. I can imagine how happy you and your family are. I do wish to call to see you and your new house one of these days. With best wishes to you and your family. Yours sincerely, Jerry 表祝贺常用的名型： I am writing to express my heartiest congratulations on your…… Accept my sincere congratulations from the bottom of my heart on your…… I wish to congratulate you on your finishing high school and entering QingHua University. I am much delighted to hear/learn you have passed/won…As one of your friends I am very proud of you. It’s the kind of news I like to hear, because it proves once again a hard-working always gets ahead. Let e offer my warmest congratulations. I know you are going to be a great success in… 道歉 由于违约，或做错了事，说错了话，或是因服务不周造成了某种不良后果，当事人必须为此道歉。表道歉的便条要求写条人的态度一定要诚恳、真实。 Dear Wang ling, March 6,2001 I am terribly sorry you have been fined by the library for not having returned the book on UFO on tie. It is all my fault, which caused you so much trouble. I took the book away without letting you know. I am writing to express my apology and I will give you the money the amount you have been fined. I sincerely hope this incident will not destroy our friendship. Sincerely yours, Zhang Liang 常见名型： I write to apologize for having caused…… Please accept my apology for…… I am writing to express my apology for…… I am sorry for …… It is all my fault I have made you…… I regret I have caused…… 申请 申请函的目的可能是申请入学、申请奖学金、申请就业等。一封申请函必须表明申请的目的，申请的原因以及对自身情况的介绍。例如： Dear Sirs, April 16,2001 With reference to your advertisement in the China press this morning I beg to offer myself for the position as a salesman. I am 22 years old and expect to get the bachelor’s degree on Business Management this summer. During my four years’ college life, I served as the chairman of Students Union of the university for two years. I had three years’ experience as a salesman in the house of Mothercare. I am punctual, energetic and read to be contributive to your company. I hope you may arrange an interview with me soon. Dial 130-51511515 if you need to contact me. I will be always available on this number. Yours Sincerely, Li Hong 这是一封求职信，信件的第一段表明写信的目的：求职。信的第二段介绍自己的经验和资质，信的第三段再次表明希望获得机会，并提供具体的联系方式。 举荐 举荐是介绍某人做某事在日常生活中是比较常见的一件事。举荐或介绍既要实事求是，桑 做到举荐或介绍有力。内容要略述被举荐或介绍的人智力和能力确能胜任某项工作。 Dear Ling, July 12,2002 It is my pleasure to recommend Liu Gang for your consideration as he applies for the post as a market analyst in your company. He is a young man of my acquaintance. And I have known him and his famil for sometime. This young man is ambitious, capable and reliable. I hope you can find a place for him. Your friend, Wang Tao 常见句型： I take pleasure in recommending to you Mr. Liu wei who hopes to attend your college for postgraduate studies… Please allow me to recommend Chang Ling as a candidate, who, in my opinion, is qualified for…… It is my pleasure to recommend George Blake for your consideration as he applies for. In your company…… I take the liberty to introduce…… I have the honor to introduce to you…… This is to introduce to you…… With reference to your advertisement on the local newspaper I beg to offer myself for the position as an accountant. I write to apply for a position as a typist…… 告示 将某一特殊事情以告示或通知的形式，及时告知有关人员。告示或通知有一定的格式，要言简意赅，事件，时间，地点要交代清楚。 NOTICE Dear schoolmates, May 4,2004 As part of the activities of Project Hope, we will organize several groups of students of different specialties o help the pupils with their studies in the western part of our country from July 14 to August 20. Those who are voluntary to offer their help should enroll their names to the Students’ Union before June 27. W e believes these volunteers will also benefit a lot from this activity. Students’ Union Voluntary Blood Donation Dear fellow students, May4, 2004 It is advocated by the Students’ Union the students of this university voluntarily donate blood to the Red Cross. Blood donation is a kind of charity, which is not only beneficial to the society but also to the donators themselves. Giving is receiving. Today we help the others; tomorrow we may be helped by the others. Those who are ready to join the line go to the university clinic before 8:00 am. Students’ Union 常用句式： This is to announce /declare that…. A is organized by… to. . A will organize a…. too…. A is advocated and sponsored by …to…. Whose who are…. welcome to take part in… Whose who…. will benefit/learn a lot from… 转告 转告类似日常生活中的留言。一定要向当事人交代清楚涉及到的人和事，千万不要引起歧义。 Dear Xiao Li, April 5,2003 I have to be absent from Professor Wang’s class tomorrow morning because my father will have a surgical operation. I must go to the hospital to be with him and take care of him. So I want you to tell Professor Wang that I can’t attend his class and that I will make up what I have missed. I will appreciate if you do this for me. Truly yours, Zhang weir 常见句型 I am writing to ask you to do/tell… Would you please tell…. that… I just want you to tell… Xiao li asked e this morning to tell you… Xiao li called and left a message for you, saying… Xiao li says he will be very grateful to you if you… 询句 为了了解更多的有关信息，向有关部门及有关人员寻问相关内容。询问的内容一定要详细且重点突出。 Dear Sir, June 8,1999 With reference to your advertisement on the local newspaper that your company will start an intensive computer class. I want to be enrolled in that class, but don’t know what specific courses will be offered, who will give the lessons and how much I should pay for the whole training. Would you please be so kind as to let me know more about it? I will be very grateful if you provide me with more details. Sincerely yours, Helen Qin 常见句型： With reference to your advertisement on the local newspaper I want to know more about… I have learned from… that you will… I just want to know specifically about… It is reported that…. Would you please be so kind as to give me more information about? I would appreciate very much if you can provide me with more details about…. Thank you for your time and consideration…. 抱怨 对所遇到的困扰，恶劣的服务态度，劣质的产品等提出抗议和改进的建议。内容有理，批评有节。 Dear roommates, February 20,2002 Our room used to be very tidy and clean. But recently things went to opposite. Some of you littered here and there; some kept their unwashed clothes with bad smells under the bed, some left their dirty shoes and socks on the floor. All these have made our room very messy. Don’t you think we should do something to stop this so as to live in a tidy and clean place again? Yours, Cliff 常见句型： I write to show my great anger at your…. I am writing to protest against your…. My complaint about your. Is based on the fact that….. Hope you will improve your…. It is high time you took some measures to solve…. I sincerely hope such things will never take place again. 慰问 对同事，亲朋好友所遭遇的不幸或失败，如生病，车祸，考试不及格等表示慰问，给予鼓励。 Dear jimmy, September 11,2003 I am sorry to hear you are hospitalized due o a high fever. Are you feeling better now? Don’t worry and take it easy. I will come to see you as soon as I am free. I hope you will have a quick recovery and play badminton with me soon. Yours, Alice 常见句型： I am sorry to learn/hear you…. It is really a pity that you failed in. I felt surprised that you…. Don’t worry about your… you will soon become… Don’t lose heart; with…you will be successful in the future.