Planktonic Larvae
Department of Oceanography
Xiamen University
1 Planktonic Larvae of Diperent Phyla
1.1 Porifera (海绵动物)
(海绵动物)
Amphiblastular larva(两囊幼虫)
(两囊幼虫)
1.2 Coelenterata (腔肠动物)
(腔肠动物)
1.2.1 Planular Larva (浮浪幼虫)
(浮浪幼虫)
1.2.2 Ephyra (蝶状幼体)
(蝶状幼体)
1.2.3 Actinula (辐射幼虫)
(辐射幼虫)
1.3 Nemertini (纽虫类)
(纽虫类)
Pilidium (帽状幼虫)
(帽状幼虫)
1.4 Tubellaria (扁虫类)
(扁虫类)
1.5 Polychaeta (多毛类)
(多毛类)
1.5.1 Trochophora (担轮幼虫)
(担轮幼虫)
1.5.2 Netochaete (疣足幼虫)
(疣足幼虫)
1.6 Mollusca (软体动物)
(软体动物)
1.6.1 Trochophora (担轮幼虫)
(担轮幼虫)
1.6.2 Veliger (面盘幼虫)
(面盘幼虫)
1.6.3 Postlarva (后期幼虫)
(后期幼虫)
umbo-veliger larva (壳顶幼虫)
(壳顶幼虫)
1.7 Crustacea (甲壳动物)
(甲壳动物)
1.7.1 Branchiopoda (鳃足类)
(鳃足类)
1.7.2 Cirripedia (蔓足类)
(蔓足类)
Nauplius (无节幼虫)
(无节幼虫)
Cypris Larva (腺介幼虫)
(腺介幼虫)
1.7.3 Copepoda (桡足类)
(桡足类)
Nauplius (无节幼体)
(无节幼体)
Copepodite (桡足幼体)
(桡足幼体)
1.7.4 Euphausia (磷虾类)
(磷虾类)
Nauplius
(无节幼虫)(无节幼虫)
Calyptopis
(节胸幼体)(节胸幼体)
Furcilia
(带叉幼体)(带叉幼体)
Cyrtopia
(节鞭幼体)(节鞭幼体)
1.7.5 Decapoda (十足类)
(十足类)
Macruran Larvae (长尾类幼虫)
(长尾类幼虫)
Anomura Larvae (歪尾类幼虫)
(歪尾类幼虫)
Brachyura Larvae (短尾类幼虫)
(短尾类幼虫)
1.7.6 Stomatopoda (口足类)
(口足类)
Antizoea (前水蚤幼体)
(前水蚤幼体)
Erichthus larva (伊雷奇幼体)
(伊雷奇幼体)
Pseudozoea (假水蚤幼体)
(假水蚤幼体)
Alima larva (阿利玛幼体)
(阿利玛幼体)
1.8 Echinodermata (棘皮动物)
(棘皮动物)
bipinnaria larva
羽腕幼虫
ophiopluteus larba
长腕幼虫
doliolaria larva
樽形幼虫
1.9 Chordata (脊索动物)
(脊索动物)
Fish
fish larva
仔鱼
Urochorda
(尾索动物)
tadpole larva
蝌蚪幼虫
tornaria larva
柱头幼虫
Hemicorda (半索类)
2 Larval Ecology
2.1 Ecological Group of Planktonic Larvae
Meroplankton
Holoplankton
2.2 Ecological Characters of Planktonic Larvae
Periodicity (出现的周期性)
(出现的周期性)
Transient (出现的短期性)
(出现的短期性)
Patchy Distribution (分布的不均匀性)
(分布的不均匀性)
2.3 Distribution of Planktonic Larvae
2.3.1 Horizontal Distribution (水平分布)
(水平分布)
The biomass is greater in neritic waters than in oceanic
waters.
Its abundance is greater in tropical than in polar sea.
Swarming of larvae.
2.3.2 Vertical Distribution (垂直分布)
(垂直分布)
light, age, other factors
Each developmental stage has its own reaction to
optimum light intensity.
The older the animal, the deeper is its vertical
distribution.
diurnal vertical distribution
2.3.3 Seasonal Distribution (季节分布)
(季节分布)
In spring, summer and autumn, when the
breeding of animal is in full swing, the larvae are
abundant both in diversity and quantity, forming
the predominant portion of the plankton
community.
The seasonal distribution of pelagic larvae is
affected by environmental factors, such as
temperature and food. The internal factor of
periodicity of reproduction is also responsible for
the seasonal variation in species composition and
abundance of pelagic larvae.
3 Biology of Planktonic Larvae
3.1 Growth and Develpement
temperature, salinity, food, light intensity
and antibiotics
3.2 Settlement and
Metamophosis
3.2.1 Settlement (附着)
(附着)
3.2.2 Metamorphosis (变态)
(变态)
The importance of substratum for metamorphosis
Factor affecting metamorphosis
Temperature
Ion concentration
Amino acid
Other factors