Lecturer,Mr,Lü Hongming
Tel,0515-3127908
Email,lhmyg@sina.com
1.1 概述
第一篇 专业英语基础
第 1章 绪 论
1,课程教学目的
培养学生对专业语言的理解能力和应用
能力；让学生承担专业阅读必需的基本技能
和知识，使学生能够以英语为工具获取专业
科技知识及其他与专业有关的信息。
2,专业英语的起源
最初出现于 20世纪 50年代。
3,专业英语的教学特点
语言教学密切结合专业知识，教材大都
来源于相关的专业文献。
4,专业英语的学习方法
专业英语阅读与普通英语的快速阅读的
方法也所不同，专业英语阅读要把准理解放
在首位，在准确理解的基础上提高阅读速度。
和其他的英语能力 — 祥，专业英语阅读能力，
需要通过长期的实践才能获得，不可能一蹴
而就，多读多练是提高专业英语阅读能力的
最有效的方法。
1.2 专业英语的基本特点
为了了解专业英语的特点，我们先阅读下面一段关于许用应力的课文。
Despite the tests described in Chapters 1l and 12,materials
may still fail in service,sometimes with disastrous results (e.g,
when the failure occurs in aircraft,bridges,ships,etc.),To try to
avoid such disastrous occurring,the designer avoids using materials
continuously at their maximum allowable stress,This is done by
employing a factor of safety.
Unfortunately,increasing the strength of a component in the
interests of safety not only increases the initial material costs,but
also the operating costs,For example,the stronger and heavier the
structure members of an aircraft,the fewer passengers it can carry
and the more fuel it consumers,Therefore a balance has to be
maintained between safety,initial cost and operating costs,The
designer is constantly striving to improve the former whilst reducing
the latter．
Allowable working stress is taken as a proportion of the yield or
proof stress； that is,the component is only stressed within its
elastic range when in service,For example,consider the screwed
fastening shown in Fig,1.l,When the nut is tightened normally the
bolt is stretched slightly and,providing it is stressed within its
elastic range,it will behave like a very powerful spring and will
pull the joint faces together very firmly．
The stress in the bolt is made up of two elements,Firstly,
the stress imparted by the initial tightening of the bolt; secondly，
the stress imparted by the load on the fastening in service,The
sum of these stress must not be allowed to approach,let alone
exceed,the yield stress for the material of it will cease to act in
an elastic manner,Therefore the designer proportions the
fastening (another components) so as that there is a factor of
safety,Usually the designer assumes an allowable working
stress of only half the yield stress for the material,
If the fastening shown in Fig,1.1 is overstressed by applying
excess torque to the nut (for example,by extending the length of
the spanner with a tube),the bolt will be stressed beyond its elastic
range,Once the yield stress for the bolt has been exceeded it
exhibits plastic properties and takes a permanent set that is,it
becomes permanently lengthened,the,spring back” is seriously
reduced and the joint faces are no longer held firmly together,Thus
for critical assemblies,the designer will seek to control the stress
in the fastening and associated components by specifying the torque
to be applied to the nut as it is tightened by the use of a,torque
spanner” set to a specific value.
1,在文章结构方面，逻辑严谨，层次分明，复杂长句多；
2,在用词方面，必然要用到专业术语和专业单词，以及词
性变换多；
3,在语法方面，非谓语动词多，较多地使用被动语态；
4,另一个重要特点是采用图表等非语言因素表达思想。
可以得出专业英语的特点：
★ 复杂长句多
■ 语法分析
■符合汉语习惯
■以短代长、化难为易
Factories will not buy machines unless they believe
that the machine will produce goods that they are able to
sell to consumers at a price that will cover all cost.
There is an increasing belief in the idea that the
“problem solving attitude” of the engineer must be
buttressed(维持，支持，支撑 ) not only by technical
knowledge and,scientific analysis” but that the engineer
must also be aware of economics and psychology and,
perhaps even more important,that he must understand
the world around him,
★ 词性转换多
英语单词有不少是多性词，如：
Above
■ 介词,above all (things)
■ 形容词,for the above reason
■ 副词,as(has been ) indicated above
■ 副词,travel light
light come,light go
Light
■ 名词,in the light of 由于，根据
high light(s) 强光，精华
safety light 安全指示灯
■形容词,light industry
light room
light blue
★ 非谓语动词多
■ 动名词
■分词：现在分词和过去分词
■不定式
例句：
To be a true professional requires lifelong learning
要 成为 一个名副其实的内行,需要 学 到老。
Heating water does not change its chemical composition.
把水 加热 并不会 改变 水的化学成分。
Matter is anything having weight and occupying space.
任何 具有 重量并 占有 空间的东西都 是 物质。
★ 被动语态多
科技英语 1/3以上用被动句，但译成汉语不一定用被动语态
例句：
■ No work can be done without energy
没有能量决不能做功
■ All sorts of necessaries of life can be made of plastics
■ Automobiles may be manufactured with computer-
driven robots or put together almost totally by hand.
Tel,0515-3127908
Email,lhmyg@sina.com
1.1 概述
第一篇 专业英语基础
第 1章 绪 论
1,课程教学目的
培养学生对专业语言的理解能力和应用
能力；让学生承担专业阅读必需的基本技能
和知识，使学生能够以英语为工具获取专业
科技知识及其他与专业有关的信息。
2,专业英语的起源
最初出现于 20世纪 50年代。
3,专业英语的教学特点
语言教学密切结合专业知识，教材大都
来源于相关的专业文献。
4,专业英语的学习方法
专业英语阅读与普通英语的快速阅读的
方法也所不同，专业英语阅读要把准理解放
在首位，在准确理解的基础上提高阅读速度。
和其他的英语能力 — 祥，专业英语阅读能力，
需要通过长期的实践才能获得，不可能一蹴
而就，多读多练是提高专业英语阅读能力的
最有效的方法。
1.2 专业英语的基本特点
为了了解专业英语的特点，我们先阅读下面一段关于许用应力的课文。
Despite the tests described in Chapters 1l and 12,materials
may still fail in service,sometimes with disastrous results (e.g,
when the failure occurs in aircraft,bridges,ships,etc.),To try to
avoid such disastrous occurring,the designer avoids using materials
continuously at their maximum allowable stress,This is done by
employing a factor of safety.
Unfortunately,increasing the strength of a component in the
interests of safety not only increases the initial material costs,but
also the operating costs,For example,the stronger and heavier the
structure members of an aircraft,the fewer passengers it can carry
and the more fuel it consumers,Therefore a balance has to be
maintained between safety,initial cost and operating costs,The
designer is constantly striving to improve the former whilst reducing
the latter．
Allowable working stress is taken as a proportion of the yield or
proof stress； that is,the component is only stressed within its
elastic range when in service,For example,consider the screwed
fastening shown in Fig,1.l,When the nut is tightened normally the
bolt is stretched slightly and,providing it is stressed within its
elastic range,it will behave like a very powerful spring and will
pull the joint faces together very firmly．
The stress in the bolt is made up of two elements,Firstly,
the stress imparted by the initial tightening of the bolt; secondly，
the stress imparted by the load on the fastening in service,The
sum of these stress must not be allowed to approach,let alone
exceed,the yield stress for the material of it will cease to act in
an elastic manner,Therefore the designer proportions the
fastening (another components) so as that there is a factor of
safety,Usually the designer assumes an allowable working
stress of only half the yield stress for the material,
If the fastening shown in Fig,1.1 is overstressed by applying
excess torque to the nut (for example,by extending the length of
the spanner with a tube),the bolt will be stressed beyond its elastic
range,Once the yield stress for the bolt has been exceeded it
exhibits plastic properties and takes a permanent set that is,it
becomes permanently lengthened,the,spring back” is seriously
reduced and the joint faces are no longer held firmly together,Thus
for critical assemblies,the designer will seek to control the stress
in the fastening and associated components by specifying the torque
to be applied to the nut as it is tightened by the use of a,torque
spanner” set to a specific value.
1,在文章结构方面，逻辑严谨，层次分明，复杂长句多；
2,在用词方面，必然要用到专业术语和专业单词，以及词
性变换多；
3,在语法方面，非谓语动词多，较多地使用被动语态；
4,另一个重要特点是采用图表等非语言因素表达思想。
可以得出专业英语的特点：
★ 复杂长句多
■ 语法分析
■符合汉语习惯
■以短代长、化难为易
Factories will not buy machines unless they believe
that the machine will produce goods that they are able to
sell to consumers at a price that will cover all cost.
There is an increasing belief in the idea that the
“problem solving attitude” of the engineer must be
buttressed(维持，支持，支撑 ) not only by technical
knowledge and,scientific analysis” but that the engineer
must also be aware of economics and psychology and,
perhaps even more important,that he must understand
the world around him,
★ 词性转换多
英语单词有不少是多性词，如：
Above
■ 介词,above all (things)
■ 形容词,for the above reason
■ 副词,as(has been ) indicated above
■ 副词,travel light
light come,light go
Light
■ 名词,in the light of 由于，根据
high light(s) 强光，精华
safety light 安全指示灯
■形容词,light industry
light room
light blue
★ 非谓语动词多
■ 动名词
■分词：现在分词和过去分词
■不定式
例句：
To be a true professional requires lifelong learning
要 成为 一个名副其实的内行,需要 学 到老。
Heating water does not change its chemical composition.
把水 加热 并不会 改变 水的化学成分。
Matter is anything having weight and occupying space.
任何 具有 重量并 占有 空间的东西都 是 物质。
★ 被动语态多
科技英语 1/3以上用被动句，但译成汉语不一定用被动语态
例句：
■ No work can be done without energy
没有能量决不能做功
■ All sorts of necessaries of life can be made of plastics
■ Automobiles may be manufactured with computer-
driven robots or put together almost totally by hand.
