Lecturer,Mr,Lü Hongming
Tel,0515-3127908
Email,lhmyg@sina.com
2.2 科技英语翻译的基本技巧
主要包括：
1）词义引申 2）词量增减 3）词类转换
4）成分转换 5）成分分译 6）重复译法
7）被动语态的译法 8）长句翻译
翻译是各民族思想交流的工具。不同的民族使
用不同的语言，为了达到相互交流的目的，就需要
通过翻译。
翻译技巧（一） 词义引申
词义引申是指改变原文字面意义的翻译方法。
词义引申时，往往可以从词义转译、词义具体化、
词义抽象化和词的搭配四个方面来考虑。
1,词义转译
翻译时，遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词
或词组，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。
Like any precision machine,the lathe requires
careful treatment.
Solar energy seems to offer more hope than
any other source of energy.
2,词义具体化
翻译时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中
某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。
以动词 cut（切割）为例：
The purpose of a driller is to cut holes,
A single-point cutting tool is to cut threads
on engine lathes.
Hard metals can be easily cut with grinding wheels。
The milling machine is often employed to cut spur
and helical gears。
3,词义抽象化
把原文中词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽
象词，或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般
的词。
Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon。
High-speed grinding does not know this
disadvantage。
The design of the machine has been
improved to answer the challenge of heavy
duty climb milling(强力顺铣 )。
4,词的搭配
遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配时，应根据汉
语的搭配习惯，而不应受原文字面意义的束缚。
Draftsmen make an assembly drawing for the
completed product and a detailed drawing for each
part。
To be able to read machine drawing,there are a few
common terms and symbols with which you should be
familiar。
翻译技巧（二） 词量增减
一、词量增加
1,在抽象名词后增加名词
From the evaporation of water people know that
liquids can turn into gases under certain condition。
The major problem in fabrication (制造 ) is the
control of contamination and foreign materials
2,在形容词前加名词
Piston engines are used for relatively slow planes
flying at 20,000 feet or less.
A new kind of aircraft-small,cheap,pilotless-is
attracting increasing attention。
3,增加起语气连贯作用的词
Hydrogen is the simplest substance,atoms of other
elements having a more complex structure.
The sun warms the earth,which makes it possible
for plant to grown.
4,增加概括词
Note that the words,velocity” and,speed” require
explanation。
The units of,ampere”，,ohm”,and,volt” are named
respectively after three scientists。
The carriage of a lathe may be fed in the longitudinal and
cross directions。
二、词量减少
1,省略冠词
Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a
solid,a liquid,or a gas。
Practically every river has an upper,a middle，
and a lower part。
As the crankshaft turns to the left and upward,the
connecting rod pushes the piston upward。
2,省略代词
By the word,alloy” we mean,mixture of
metals”。
Hardened steel is difficult to machine，
but having been annealed,it can be easily
machined。
3,省略介词
In winter,it is much colder in the North than
it is in the South。
Most substances expand on heating and
contract on cooling。
4,省略连接词
Up and down motion can be changed to circular
motion.
If there were no heat-treatment,metals could not
be made so hard．
5,省略动词
A square has four equal sides。
Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions
but appear in a variety of forms．
The piston does not come in contact with the
cylinder cover.
6,省略名词
Different kinds of matter have different properties.
The laws in science are frequently stated in words，
but more often in the form of equations．
翻译技巧（三） 词类转换
翻译时可以适当地改变一下原文某些词的词类，
以适应汉语的表达习惯，或达到一定的修饰目的。这
种改变原文词类的译法叫做词类转换。
一,译成汉语动词
1,名词译成动词
Were there no friction,transmission of
motion would be impossible,
2 形容词译成动词
The robot is capable of learning to perform
an industrial task and then of being left to
perform it tirelessly。
3,介词译成动词
The term laser stands for amplification by
stimulated emission of radiation.
4,副词译成动词
The two bodies are so far apart that the attractive
force between them is negligible.
二、译成汉语名词
1,动词译成名词
Most U.S,spy satellites are designed to burn up
in the earth s atmosphere after completing their
missions.
2,形容词译成名词
The cutting tool must be strong,tough,hard,and
wear resistant.
3,副词译成名词
Gold is an important metal but it is not essentially
changed by man’s treatment of it,
三、译成汉语形容词
1,名词译成形容词
The electrical conductivity has great importance in
selecting electrical materials.
2,副词译成形容词
This communication system is chiefly characterized
by its simplicity of operation and the ease with which
it can be maintained,
四、译成汉语副词
The application of electronic computers makes
for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.
Tel,0515-3127908
Email,lhmyg@sina.com
2.2 科技英语翻译的基本技巧
主要包括：
1）词义引申 2）词量增减 3）词类转换
4）成分转换 5）成分分译 6）重复译法
7）被动语态的译法 8）长句翻译
翻译是各民族思想交流的工具。不同的民族使
用不同的语言，为了达到相互交流的目的，就需要
通过翻译。
翻译技巧（一） 词义引申
词义引申是指改变原文字面意义的翻译方法。
词义引申时，往往可以从词义转译、词义具体化、
词义抽象化和词的搭配四个方面来考虑。
1,词义转译
翻译时，遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词
或词组，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。
Like any precision machine,the lathe requires
careful treatment.
Solar energy seems to offer more hope than
any other source of energy.
2,词义具体化
翻译时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中
某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。
以动词 cut（切割）为例：
The purpose of a driller is to cut holes,
A single-point cutting tool is to cut threads
on engine lathes.
Hard metals can be easily cut with grinding wheels。
The milling machine is often employed to cut spur
and helical gears。
3,词义抽象化
把原文中词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽
象词，或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般
的词。
Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon。
High-speed grinding does not know this
disadvantage。
The design of the machine has been
improved to answer the challenge of heavy
duty climb milling(强力顺铣 )。
4,词的搭配
遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配时，应根据汉
语的搭配习惯，而不应受原文字面意义的束缚。
Draftsmen make an assembly drawing for the
completed product and a detailed drawing for each
part。
To be able to read machine drawing,there are a few
common terms and symbols with which you should be
familiar。
翻译技巧（二） 词量增减
一、词量增加
1,在抽象名词后增加名词
From the evaporation of water people know that
liquids can turn into gases under certain condition。
The major problem in fabrication (制造 ) is the
control of contamination and foreign materials
2,在形容词前加名词
Piston engines are used for relatively slow planes
flying at 20,000 feet or less.
A new kind of aircraft-small,cheap,pilotless-is
attracting increasing attention。
3,增加起语气连贯作用的词
Hydrogen is the simplest substance,atoms of other
elements having a more complex structure.
The sun warms the earth,which makes it possible
for plant to grown.
4,增加概括词
Note that the words,velocity” and,speed” require
explanation。
The units of,ampere”，,ohm”,and,volt” are named
respectively after three scientists。
The carriage of a lathe may be fed in the longitudinal and
cross directions。
二、词量减少
1,省略冠词
Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a
solid,a liquid,or a gas。
Practically every river has an upper,a middle，
and a lower part。
As the crankshaft turns to the left and upward,the
connecting rod pushes the piston upward。
2,省略代词
By the word,alloy” we mean,mixture of
metals”。
Hardened steel is difficult to machine，
but having been annealed,it can be easily
machined。
3,省略介词
In winter,it is much colder in the North than
it is in the South。
Most substances expand on heating and
contract on cooling。
4,省略连接词
Up and down motion can be changed to circular
motion.
If there were no heat-treatment,metals could not
be made so hard．
5,省略动词
A square has four equal sides。
Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions
but appear in a variety of forms．
The piston does not come in contact with the
cylinder cover.
6,省略名词
Different kinds of matter have different properties.
The laws in science are frequently stated in words，
but more often in the form of equations．
翻译技巧（三） 词类转换
翻译时可以适当地改变一下原文某些词的词类，
以适应汉语的表达习惯，或达到一定的修饰目的。这
种改变原文词类的译法叫做词类转换。
一,译成汉语动词
1,名词译成动词
Were there no friction,transmission of
motion would be impossible,
2 形容词译成动词
The robot is capable of learning to perform
an industrial task and then of being left to
perform it tirelessly。
3,介词译成动词
The term laser stands for amplification by
stimulated emission of radiation.
4,副词译成动词
The two bodies are so far apart that the attractive
force between them is negligible.
二、译成汉语名词
1,动词译成名词
Most U.S,spy satellites are designed to burn up
in the earth s atmosphere after completing their
missions.
2,形容词译成名词
The cutting tool must be strong,tough,hard,and
wear resistant.
3,副词译成名词
Gold is an important metal but it is not essentially
changed by man’s treatment of it,
三、译成汉语形容词
1,名词译成形容词
The electrical conductivity has great importance in
selecting electrical materials.
2,副词译成形容词
This communication system is chiefly characterized
by its simplicity of operation and the ease with which
it can be maintained,
四、译成汉语副词
The application of electronic computers makes
for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.
