To Provide... ..an advanced testbed for technology & human exploration ..a state-of-the-art research facility on which to study gravity s effects on physical, chemical, & biological systems ..a commercial platform for space research & development To Learn... ..how to live, explore, and work productively in space ..how to use the attributes of space to enhance products & processes for Earth HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] STATIO N Research on the International Space Station Prof . Dava Newman for 16.423J/HST515J Many thanks to: Dr. Arnauld E. Nicogossian, MD Associate Administrator NASA Off ice of Life & Microgravity Sciences & Applications September 2000 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] Why Space Station? To Provide... ..an advanced testbed for technology & human exploration ..a state-of-the-art research facility on which to study gravity s effects on physical, chem ical, & biological systems ..a commercial platform for space research & development Station is an international cooperative research platform To Learn... ..how to live, explore, and work productively in space ..how to use the attributes of space to enhance products & processes for Earth 1 2 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] Space Station & Exploration Station is a testbed for solar system exploration The Mars Transhab The Martian Surface Sojourner Rover Exploration Technology HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] The First Steps The first Station element launched on 20 November 1998 William (Bill) Shepherd, Commander Yuri Pavlovich Gidzenko, Soyuz Commander Sergei K. Krikalev, Flight Engineer First Station ingress, 10 Dec. 1998 First Station ingress, 10 Dec. 1998 Yuri Usachev; Expedition Comm ander Susan J. Helm s James S. Voss 3 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] What is Space Station? A means to link research communities in space & on Earth Major Research Capability Biomedical Research & Countermeasures Development Gravitational Biology & Ecology (under variable gravity) Materials Science Biotechnology Fluids & Combustion Human-machine Interfaces and Advanced Life Support Low Temperature g Physics Earth Observation & Space Science Multipurpose EXPRESS Racks & Pallets ity edical Research & Counter easures Develop ent Gravitational Biology & cology (under variable gravity) Materials Science Biotechnology Fluids & o bustion Human- achine Interfaces and dvanced ife Support erature g Physics Earth Observation & Space Science Multipurpose SS Racks & Pallets At least 4 International Laboratories External Attached Payload Sites Multipurpose EXPRESS Racks & Pallets U.S. Lab 03/00 U.S. Lab 0 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] What is Space Station? Resources ISPR EXPRESS Rack Outfitting Power Thermal Control Data Handling & Communications (Telescience) On Board From the Ground Microgravity 10 -6 Gaseous N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , Ar, He Vacuum Exposure & Vent Human Intervention Observational Windows with its environment? HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] 2 g 0 g Centrifuge l AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Gravitational Biology *Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa Research Council, A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century, 1998 What is the role of gravity in the evolution, development, structure, and function of life, and as a result, life s interactions What role does gravity play in the development of gravity-sensing vestibular systems in animals?* Are there developmental processes in plants and animals that depend upon gravitational stimuli?* Through what mechanisms do plants & animals sense and respond to gravity, and what is the gravitational threshold for this perception to occur?* HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] i 5X 3X Rack in space? AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Biomedical Res. & Adv. Human Support Tech. GASMAP Ac tv e 2 Passive Rack U tility Drawer (Portable Computer and A ccessories) Drawer Assembly 4 PU X 24L Drawer Assembly 8 PU X 24L Drawer Assembly 16 PU X 24L Human Research Facility What is required to assure the health, safety and productivity for humans living & working How do humans adapt to space flight conditions, and how can we best facilitate that adaptation & readaptation to a gravity environment? What are the hazards to humans posed by the space environment, and what are the optimum solutions to minimize these hazards? 4 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] in vitro growth of cells, of ground-based tissue l AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Biotechnology What are the controlling mechanisms in cellular aggregation and differentiation which would allow organisms, organs, and other biologically interesting structures? How does gravity affect protein crystallization & growth, and what factors are responsible for increasing the structural resolution of certain protein crystals grown in g?* Can g cell culturing technology improve the limits engineering? *Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa Research Council, Microgravity Research Opportunities for the 1990s, 1995 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] Fluid Physics & processes? l AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Combustion Science What is the most effective energy conversion process involving combustion, and how can we achieve that? How do dominant forces in microgravity, such as surface tension gradient- driven flows, affect fluid behavior, and how do magnetic & electrical forces affect fluid transport in variable gravity environments?* How do flames behave in variable gravity environments, and how is this dependent upon atmospheric & fuel composition?* What are the forces governing soot formation in combustion What are the fundamental forces affecting fluid behavior? *Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa Research Council, Microgravity Research Opportunities for the 1990s, 1995 5 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] l AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Materials Research & Fundamental Physics What is the optimum relationship between the process used to form a material and its resultant properties, and how can we achieve this in space and on the ground? How can the space environment help us obtain fundamental physical measurements of the highest accuracy? How do various transport phenomena affect the formation and quality of selected materials?* How can containerless processing best enhance desirable qualities in selected materials? * *Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa Research Council, Microgravity Research Opportunities for the 1990s, 1995 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Engineering Research & Technology Development What technologies are best suited for long-duration missions of human space exploration? How do we maximize the reliability and usefulness of deployable structures for space exploration & development? How do large structures behave in space?* How does the space environment affect the properties and performance of selected materials?* What are the optimum technologies in solar dynamic power generation in terms of efficiency, mass, and size?* *Questions derived from A eronautics & Space Engineering Board, National Research Council, Engineering Research & Technology Development on the Space Station, 1996 6 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] Biologically-based Technologies for Exploration Smart Materials & Structures Human-centered Systems Anticipatory Collaborative Curious Self-modeling Adaptive Self-repairing Portable Sensor-fusion & sensory- guided motor control Cognitive task analysis research Innovative human-machine interfaces Portable digital assistants & wearable computing research AERCam Electronic Nose Component *Areas of emph asis derived from Space Studies Board, National Research Council, Report of the Workshop on Biologically-based Technologies for Space Exploration, 1998 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] Space Science How did the Universe, galaxies, stars, and planets form & evolve?* What are the sources of cosmic-ray particles, and how are they related to the structure and evolution of the universe? What are the source of interplanetary cosmic-dust particles, and what is their linkage to the evolution of the solar system? What is the morphology of the local space physics & Earth magnetospheric environments? *1998 NA SA Strategic Plan 7 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] Earth Science AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA How does the Earth environment change over time, and what are the causes of these changes?* How can we better predict natural disasters? How does the Earth respond to variations in total solar irradiance? How and why are Earth atmospheric constituents changing, and what are the long-term impacts of these changes? What are the nature and extent of land-cover and land-use changes over time? *1998 NA SA Strategic Plan HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] production? development? AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Commercial Research How can we best use the results of space research to improve products and processes on Earth? Can microgravity research help us to improve the efficiency of selected agricultural techniques to enhance Earth-based food How can the Station best facilitate commercial space Can microgravity research facilitate the reduction of defects in polymer materials? 8 9 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] Existing Center or Institute Future Center or Institute Gravitational Biology Rice University Bioregenerative Life Support Rutgers University Gravitational Biology North Carolina State University Plant Biology - joint with NSF Ohio State University National Space Biomedical Research Institute Baylor College of Medicine National Center for Microgravity Research in Fluids & Combustion Case Western Reserve University Radiation Health Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Exobiology OSS-funded University of California at San Diego Radiation Health Proton Accelerator Loma Linda Medical University Astrobiology Institute Ames Research Center NIH Bioreactor Center National Institutes of Health Brookhaven National Laboratory (DOE) Alliance for Microgravity Materials Sciences & Applications University of Alabama at Huntsville NASA-sponsored Centers & Research Institutes FY 1998 - 775 P.I.s FY 2000 - 962 P.I.s FY 2002 -- 1000+ P.I.s HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] Station Telescience P.I. s will be able to interact with their payloads aboard the Station via telescience operations P.I. in a Box Telescience capabilities enhance the educational potential of the Station Telescience Support Centers (TSC) Geographically dispersed Designated NASA facilities International partner mission control centers Remote locations such as a PI or commercial laboratory Download data directly to investigators Allow investigators to communicate with their payloads Telescience Support Centers (TSC) Geographically dispersed Designated NASA facilities International partner mission control centers Remote locations such as a PI or commercial laboratory Download data directly to investigators Allow investigators to communicate with their payloads Telescience Resource Kit (TReK) PC-based telemetry & command system Networks to TSC or NASA Payload Operations Integration Center Allows access to ISS payload and ground-based payload planning and info. mgt. systems Telescience Resource Kit (TReK) PC-based telemetry & command system Networks to TSC or NASA Payload Operations Integration Center Allows access to ISS payload and ground-based payload planning and info. mgt. systems STS-90 - Neurolab International Payload Participation by CSA, ESA, CNES, DARA, NASDA Interagency Collaboration Cooperation with NIH, NSF, & ONR STS-95 International Crew Chiaki Mukai (Japan) Pedro Duque (Spain) Multinational payload (ESA, NASDA) Interagency cooperation NIH/National Institute on Aging/Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] Collaboration STS-90 - Neurolab NASDA Collaboration NSF, & STS-95 particip AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Research on the ISS STS-90 & STS-95 are Models of Cooperation International Payload Participation by CSA, ESA, CNES, DARA, Interagency Cooperation with NIH, ONR International Crew Chiaki Mukai (Japan) Pedro Duque (Spain) Multinational payload (ESA, NASDA) Interagency cooperation NIH/National Institute on Aging/Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging International AOs and NRAs will broaden Station ation HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] Presence Discovery 40 Human Presence (ISS) Virtual Hu man Presence ( Hu man -o n-a-C hip) AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA The Exploration Vision Permanent Exploration Our Solar System In terstellar Space light years 4 1/2 Alpha Centauri light years 1000 Nearby Stars The M ilk y Way 100,000 light years Oort Cloud In ter-Galactic Space Observation. . . Station research plays a critical role in an integrated space exploration & development strategy 10 http://peer1.idi.usra.edu/ life/ g sciences http://www.earth.nasa.gov/nra/index.html sciences http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oss/research.htm Commercial users should contact a Commercial Space Center: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/olmsa/spd/index.htm HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] Getting on Board NASA Research Solicitations See these web sites for NASA Research Announcements and Announcements of Opportunity space sciences http://peer1.idi.usra.edu/ life/ g sciences http://www.earth.nasa.gov/nra/index.html sciences http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oss/research.htm space sciences Commercial users should contact a Commercial Space Center: http://ww w.hq.nasa.gov/office/olmsa/spd/index.htm 11