To Provide...
..an advanced testbed for technology
& human exploration
..a state-of-the-art research facility
on which to study gravity s effects
on physical, chemical, & biological
systems
..a commercial platform
for space research &
development
To Learn...
..how to live, explore, and work
productively in space
..how to use the attributes of space to
enhance products & processes for
Earth
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
STATIO
N
Research on the
International Space Station
Prof . Dava Newman for
16.423J/HST515J
Many thanks to:
Dr. Arnauld E. Nicogossian, MD
Associate Administrator
NASA Off ice of Life & Microgravity
Sciences & Applications
September 2000
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
Why Space Station?
To Provide...
..an advanced testbed for technology
& human exploration
..a state-of-the-art research facility
on which to study gravity s effects
on physical, chem ical, & biological
systems
..a commercial platform
for space research &
development
Station is an international cooperative research platform
To Learn...
..how to live, explore, and work
productively in space
..how to use the attributes of space to
enhance products & processes for
Earth
1
2
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
Space Station &
Exploration
Station is a testbed for solar system
exploration
The Mars Transhab
The
Martian
Surface
Sojourner Rover
Exploration Technology
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
The First Steps
The first Station element
launched on 20
November 1998
William (Bill)
Shepherd,
Commander
Yuri Pavlovich Gidzenko,
Soyuz Commander
Sergei K. Krikalev, Flight
Engineer
First Station
ingress, 10 Dec.
1998
First Station
ingress, 10 Dec.
1998
Yuri Usachev;
Expedition
Comm ander
Susan J.
Helm s
James S. Voss
3
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
What is Space Station?
A means to link research communities in space & on
Earth
Major Research Capability
Biomedical Research & Countermeasures
Development
Gravitational Biology & Ecology (under
variable gravity)
Materials Science
Biotechnology
Fluids & Combustion
Human-machine Interfaces and Advanced
Life Support
Low Temperature g Physics
Earth Observation & Space Science
Multipurpose EXPRESS Racks & Pallets
ity
edical Research & Counter easures
Develop ent
Gravitational Biology & cology (under
variable gravity)
Materials Science
Biotechnology
Fluids & o bustion
Human- achine Interfaces and dvanced
ife Support
erature g Physics
Earth Observation & Space Science
Multipurpose SS Racks & Pallets
At least 4
International
Laboratories
External
Attached
Payload Sites
Multipurpose
EXPRESS
Racks &
Pallets
U.S. Lab 03/00
U.S. Lab 0
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
What is Space Station?
Resources
ISPR
EXPRESS Rack Outfitting
Power
Thermal Control
Data Handling &
Communications (Telescience)
On Board
From the Ground
Microgravity 10
-6
Gaseous N
2
, O
2
, CO
2
, Ar, He
Vacuum Exposure & Vent
Human Intervention
Observational Windows
with its environment?
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
2 g
0 g
Centrifuge
l
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
Gravitational Biology
*Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa
Research Council, A Strategy for Research in Space Biology
and Medicine in the New Century, 1998
What is the role of gravity in the evolution, development,
structure, and function of life, and as a result, life s interactions
What role does gravity play
in the development of
gravity-sensing vestibular
systems in animals?*
Are there developmental
processes in plants and
animals that depend upon
gravitational stimuli?*
Through what mechanisms do plants & animals sense and respond to gravity,
and what is the gravitational threshold for this perception to occur?*
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
i
5X
3X
Rack
in space?
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
Biomedical Res. & Adv.
Human Support Tech.
GASMAP
Ac tv e 2
Passive
Rack U tility Drawer
(Portable Computer
and A ccessories)
Drawer
Assembly
4 PU X 24L
Drawer
Assembly
8 PU X 24L
Drawer
Assembly
16 PU X 24L
Human Research Facility
What is required to assure the health, safety and productivity for
humans living & working
How do humans adapt to space flight conditions, and
how can we best facilitate that adaptation & readaptation
to a gravity environment?
What are the hazards to humans posed by the space
environment, and what are the optimum solutions to
minimize these hazards?
4
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
in vitro growth of cells,
of ground-based tissue
l
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
Biotechnology
What are the controlling mechanisms in cellular aggregation and
differentiation which would allow
organisms, organs, and other biologically interesting structures?
How does gravity affect protein crystallization & growth, and what factors
are responsible for increasing the structural resolution of certain protein
crystals grown in g?*
Can g cell culturing
technology improve the limits
engineering?
*Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa
Research Council, Microgravity Research Opportunities for
the 1990s, 1995
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
Fluid Physics &
processes?
l
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
Combustion Science
What is the most effective energy conversion process involving
combustion, and how can we achieve that?
How do dominant forces in microgravity, such as surface tension gradient-
driven flows, affect fluid behavior, and how do magnetic & electrical forces
affect fluid transport in variable gravity environments?*
How do flames behave in variable gravity environments, and how is this
dependent upon atmospheric & fuel composition?*
What are the forces governing
soot formation in combustion
What are the fundamental forces affecting fluid behavior?
*Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa
Research Council, Microgravity Research Opportunities for
the 1990s, 1995
5
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
l
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
Materials Research &
Fundamental Physics
What is the optimum relationship between the process used to
form a material and its resultant properties, and how can we
achieve this in space and on the ground?
How can the space environment help us obtain fundamental
physical measurements of the highest accuracy?
How do various transport
phenomena affect the formation
and quality of selected
materials?*
How can containerless
processing best enhance
desirable qualities in selected
materials? *
*Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa
Research Council, Microgravity Research Opportunities for
the 1990s, 1995
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
Engineering Research &
Technology Development
What technologies are best suited for long-duration missions of
human space exploration?
How do we maximize the
reliability and usefulness of
deployable structures for space
exploration & development?
How do large structures behave in space?*
How does the space environment affect the properties and performance of
selected materials?*
What are the optimum technologies in solar dynamic power generation in
terms of efficiency, mass, and size?*
*Questions derived from A eronautics & Space Engineering
Board, National Research Council, Engineering Research &
Technology Development on the Space Station, 1996
6
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
Biologically-based
Technologies for Exploration
Smart Materials &
Structures
Human-centered
Systems
Anticipatory
Collaborative
Curious
Self-modeling
Adaptive
Self-repairing
Portable
Sensor-fusion & sensory-
guided motor control
Cognitive task analysis
research
Innovative human-machine
interfaces
Portable digital assistants &
wearable computing research
AERCam
Electronic Nose
Component
*Areas of emph asis derived from
Space Studies Board, National Research
Council, Report of the Workshop on
Biologically-based Technologies for
Space Exploration, 1998
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
Space Science
How did the Universe, galaxies, stars, and planets form & evolve?*
What are the sources of
cosmic-ray particles, and how
are they related to the structure
and evolution of the universe?
What are the source of
interplanetary cosmic-dust
particles, and what is their
linkage to the evolution of the
solar system?
What is the morphology of the local space physics & Earth magnetospheric
environments? *1998 NA SA Strategic Plan
7
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
Earth Science
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
How does the Earth environment change over time, and what are
the causes of these changes?*
How can we better predict
natural disasters?
How does the Earth respond to
variations in total solar
irradiance?
How and why are Earth
atmospheric constituents
changing, and what are the
long-term impacts of these
changes?
What are the nature and extent of land-cover and land-use changes over time?
*1998 NA SA Strategic Plan
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
production?
development?
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
Commercial Research
How can we best use the results of space research to improve
products and processes on Earth?
Can microgravity research help
us to improve the efficiency of
selected agricultural techniques
to enhance Earth-based food
How can the Station best
facilitate commercial space
Can microgravity research facilitate the reduction of defects in polymer
materials?
8
9
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
Existing Center or
Institute
Future Center or
Institute
Gravitational Biology
Rice University
Bioregenerative Life
Support
Rutgers University
Gravitational Biology
North Carolina State
University
Plant Biology
- joint with NSF
Ohio State University
National Space
Biomedical Research
Institute
Baylor College of Medicine
National Center for
Microgravity Research in
Fluids & Combustion
Case Western Reserve
University
Radiation Health
Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory
Exobiology
OSS-funded
University of California at
San Diego
Radiation Health Proton
Accelerator
Loma Linda Medical
University
Astrobiology Institute
Ames Research Center
NIH Bioreactor Center
National Institutes of Health
Brookhaven
National Laboratory
(DOE)
Alliance for Microgravity
Materials Sciences &
Applications
University of Alabama at
Huntsville
NASA-sponsored Centers &
Research Institutes
FY 1998 - 775 P.I.s
FY 2000 - 962 P.I.s
FY 2002 -- 1000+ P.I.s
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
Station Telescience
P.I. s will be able to interact with their payloads aboard the
Station via telescience operations
P.I. in a
Box
Telescience capabilities
enhance the educational potential
of the Station
Telescience Support Centers
(TSC)
Geographically dispersed
Designated NASA facilities
International partner mission
control centers
Remote locations such as a PI
or commercial laboratory
Download data directly to
investigators
Allow investigators to
communicate with their
payloads
Telescience Support Centers
(TSC)
Geographically dispersed
Designated NASA facilities
International partner mission
control centers
Remote locations such as a PI
or commercial laboratory
Download data directly to
investigators
Allow investigators to
communicate with their
payloads
Telescience Resource Kit (TReK)
PC-based telemetry & command
system
Networks to TSC or NASA Payload
Operations Integration Center
Allows access to ISS payload and
ground-based payload planning and
info. mgt. systems
Telescience Resource Kit (TReK)
PC-based telemetry & command
system
Networks to TSC or NASA Payload
Operations Integration Center
Allows access to ISS payload and
ground-based payload planning and
info. mgt. systems
STS-90 - Neurolab
International Payload
Participation by CSA,
ESA, CNES, DARA,
NASDA
Interagency
Collaboration
Cooperation with NIH,
NSF, & ONR
STS-95
International Crew
Chiaki Mukai (Japan)
Pedro Duque (Spain)
Multinational payload (ESA, NASDA)
Interagency cooperation
NIH/National Institute on Aging/Baltimore
Longitudinal Study on Aging
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
Collaboration
STS-90 - Neurolab
NASDA
Collaboration
NSF, &
STS-95
particip
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
Research on the ISS
STS-90 & STS-95 are Models of Cooperation
International Payload
Participation by CSA,
ESA, CNES, DARA,
Interagency
Cooperation with NIH,
ONR
International Crew
Chiaki Mukai (Japan)
Pedro Duque (Spain)
Multinational payload (ESA, NASDA)
Interagency cooperation
NIH/National Institute on Aging/Baltimore
Longitudinal Study on Aging
International AOs and NRAs
will broaden Station
ation
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE
]
Presence
Discovery
40
Human
Presence (ISS)
Virtual Hu
man Presence
( Hu
man -o
n-a-C
hip)
AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA
The Exploration Vision
Permanent
Exploration
Our Solar System In terstellar Space
light
years
4 1/2
Alpha
Centauri
light
years
1000 Nearby Stars
The M ilk y Way
100,000
light
years
Oort Cloud
In ter-Galactic Space
Observation. . .
Station research plays a critical role in an integrated space
exploration & development strategy
10
http://peer1.idi.usra.edu/ life/ g
sciences
http://www.earth.nasa.gov/nra/index.html sciences
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oss/research.htm
Commercial users should contact a Commercial
Space Center:
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/olmsa/spd/index.htm
HEDS
ENTERPRISE
OFFICE OF
LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY
SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS
[OLMSA]
Getting on Board
NASA Research Solicitations
See these web sites for NASA Research
Announcements and Announcements of
Opportunity
space
sciences
http://peer1.idi.usra.edu/ life/ g
sciences
http://www.earth.nasa.gov/nra/index.html sciences
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oss/research.htm
space
sciences
Commercial users should contact a Commercial
Space Center:
http://ww w.hq.nasa.gov/office/olmsa/spd/index.htm
11