Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Human To Mars?
? It’s Expensive!
? Global Cooperation
? Human Spirit
? Science and Engineering
? $20 Billion ‘Mars Direct Mission’ - Zubrin
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Mars Reference Mission
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support 3
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support 4
Solar Electric Propulsion Mission Concept
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
2011: One SEP stage delivers
two Cargo MTV/TMI’s to
39,709 x 800 km @ 51.6 deg.
2014: Same SEP Stage is refueled
and delivers piloted MTV/TMI to
70,761 x 800 km @ 51.6 deg.
2011
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2014
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2014
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TMI
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2014
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SPM 16.0MT
EPM 60.0MT
75.9MT
MTV 80.3MT
80.3MT
TMI 29.2MT
EPM 47.1MT
Tot. 76.3MT
26.8MT
26.8MT
2011
MTV 52.6MT
20.5MT
73.1MT
MTV 55.8MT
TMI 21.4MT
Tot. 77.3MT
MTV - (Injected) Mars Transfer Vehicle
TMI - Trans Mars Injection Stage/Propellant
SPM - Solar Power/Bus Module
EPM - Electric Propulsion Module (wet)
Taxi - LEO to HEO Crew Taxi
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Nuclear Thermal Propulsion
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Three-Magnum Combination Lander Scenario
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Three-Magnum Split Mission Scenario
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Temperature
Temperature
Earth
Mars
? ~10°K (18°F) between
Over 0.75 m (30 in) height
0.65 m (knee) & 1.4 m (shoulder)
288°K (55°F)
15°C
218°K (-67°F)
-55°C
?T 60°K (108°F)
night
day
? Noon: vertical temperature variation highest
? Night: vertical temperatures are very similar
? Expansion and contraction of materials,
resulting in great stresses
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Life?
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? High resolution images identify interesting places for
exploration.
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Wind
Wind
? Wind direction – blows from all
directions within one day
? Daily repeating wind direction and
wind speed pattern.
? Highest turbulence in the morning
? Greatest wind speeds early morning
and around noon
? Numerous dust devils each day
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Surface Materials
? Regolith
? Dust: 40μm–large boulders several m in diameter
? Harder than Aluminum & softer than Nickel
? Abrasion: blowing dust will wear down solar panels,
other equipment
? Dust adheres to solar panels, 0.28% per Sol
- decreases efficiency of solar panels
? Dust is magnetic
- sticks to everything
- charges equipment and produces electrical
discharges which interfere with operations
1 Sol = 1 Mars day = 24 h 37 min 22.66 s
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
System Mass Design
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Science Manifest
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Martian Space Walks
? Beyond ISS humans will go to Mars
? EVA primary activity to search for life
? Revolutionary technologies/methodologies
needed
– Optimize human performance in partial gravity
? Promise of engineering analyses and design
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support 17
Space Suits
Apollo Shuttle/ISS Mars
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Why?
ISS “The Wall”
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
Mars: “The Mountain”
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Prof. Dava Newman 16.423J/HST515J Space Biomedical Engineering and Life Support
NASA Mars Reference Mission
? www_sn.jsc.nasa.gov/marsref/contents.html
? Launch Strategy
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