1.018/7.30J 2003年秋季 基础生态学 全球气候变化讨论—— 10/16/03 大气中CO 2浓度的急剧升高引起了人们的高度重视。减少排放是最显而易见的解决方法，而一 些人提议采取更温和的措施来减少大气中的CO2量。提议的想法有铁施肥，深海注入CO2和陆 地植物聚集碳。还有许多争议是关于CO2浓度的升高是否会导致更大的陆地和水中的生产力， 从而以负反馈的机制吸收一些大气中多余的CO2。 我们将花一堂课的时间来评价这些主题。为了使讨论更丰富多彩，我已经布置了一些与这些话 题相关的阅读材料。每个人负责阅读一组文章。你们要准备好就下面的这些问题的答案发言， 概括出下面这些文章和你找到的任何信息的主要观点（这些文章是我通过简单搜索Nature & Science找到的）。 当你们进入课堂时，分成几个小组，与大家共享你对这些问题的解决办法，并准备向全班阐释 你们的话题。 当你们阅读这些文章时，记住以下的问题： z 每种方法后面的原理是什么？这种方法如何发挥作用来减少大气中的CO 2？ z C被储存在环境的哪一部分？什么是MRT? z 它能在短期内起作用吗？长期呢？ z 主要的不确定性是什么？ z 总的来说，你认为它是一个好方法吗？如果你住在荷兰或一个仅略高于海平面的小岛上， 你的回答会不一样吗？ 每个人 (重点看第422-426A页) Betts KS. 2000. Engineering maintainable development. Environmental Science and Technology. 34:422A. 1. 高CO2浓度引起的生态反应(Adrienne, April, Ayse, Ben, Candace, Cynthia) Norby R. 1997. Inside the black box. Nature. 388:522. Sarmiento J. 2000. That sinking feeling. Nature. 408:155. Schlesinger WH and JH Lichter. 2001. Limited carbon storage in soil and litter of experimental forest plots under increased atmospheric CO2. Nature. 411:466. DeLucia EH. 1999. Net primary productivity of a forest ecosystem with experimental CO2 enrichment. Science. 284:1177. Gill RA et al. 2002. Nonlinear grassland responses to past and future atmospheric CO2. Nature. 417:279. 2. 深海或矿石的CO2注入 (Genevieve, Helen, Jason, Jennifer, Jessie, Jonathon, Katie) Dalton R. 1999. US warms to carbon sequestration research. Nature. 401:315. Kaiser J. 1998. A way to make CO2 go away: Deep-six it. Science. 281:505. Seibel BA and PJ Walsh. 2001. Potential impacts of CO2 injection on deep-sea biota. Science. 294:319. Celia MA. 2001. How hydrogeology can save the world. Ground Water. Caldeira K and ME Wickett. 2003. Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature. 425:365. Lackner KS. 2003. A guide to CO2 sequestration. Science. 300:1677. 3. 陆地生态系统的C吸收 (Kelly, Ling, Liz, Lynn, Marion, Maywa, Melissa) Smaglik P. 2000. United States backs soil strategy in fight against global warming. Nature. 406:549. Korner C. 2003. Slow in, rapid out . carbon flux studies and Kyoto targets. Science. 300:1242. Goodale CL and EA Davidson. 2002. Uncertain sinks in the shrubs. Nature. 418:593. Betts RA. 2000. Offset of the potential carbon sink from boreal forestation by decreases in surface albedo. Nature. 408:187. Fang J et al. 2001. Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998. Science. 292:2320. 4. 公海施铁(Michael, Nicole, Nina, Priya, Schuyler, Tom) Buesseler KO and PW Boyd. 2003. Will ocean fertilization work? Science. 300:67. Chisholm SW, PG Falkowski, and JJ Cullen. 2001. Dis-crediting ocean fertilization. Science. 294:309. Watson AJ et al. 2000. Effect of iron supply on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and implications for glacial atmospheric CO2. Nature. 407:730. Lawrence MG. 2002. Side effect of oceanic iron fertilization. Science. 297:1993. Lam PJ and SW Chisholm. 2002. Iron fertilization of the oceans: Reconciling commercial claims with published models. http://web.mit.edu/chisholm/www/Fefert.pdf. accessed 10/8/03.