Research into
Population Genetics
Unit 7
Stage 1,Warming-up Activities
Stage 2,Reading-Centred Activities
Stage 3,After-Reading Activities
Stage 4,Listening-and-Speaking
Practice
Warming-up Activities
Group work
Questions for thought and discussion
Background information
Enriching your vocabulary
Comparing the following words
Group work
Go over the preview,the
pre-reading questions and
the title of the text before
listening to the summary of
the story and anticipate
what we are going to read,
Questions for thought
and discussion
Listen to a short passage
carefully and then answer
the following questions,
Background information
Luca Cavalli-Sforza,Cavalli-Sforza,born
in Genoa,Italy,was educated at the
University of Pavia where he gained his
MD in 1944,After working on bacterial
genetics at Cambridge (1948－ 1950) and
Milan (1950－ 1957) he has held chairs in
genetics at Parma (1958－ 1962) and Pavia
(1962－ 1970),In 1970 he was appointed
professor of genetics at the University of
Stanford,California,a position he held
until his retirement in 1992,
Cavalli-Sforza has specialized mainly in the
genetics of human populations,producing
with Walter Bodmer a comprehensive survey
of the subject in their Genetics,Evolution and
Man (1976),He has also done much to show
how genetic data from present human racial
groups could be used to reconstruct their past
separations,This reconstruction,based on the
analysis of 58 genes,yields a bifurcated
evolutionary tree with Caucasian and African
races in one branch and Orientals,Oceanians,
and Amerinds in the other.
Columbus,Christopher Columbus,an
Italian-born master navigator (born in
Genoa,Italy in 1451 and died at
Valladolid,Spain in 1506) who sailed
in the service of Spain,is commonly
described as the discoverer of the New
World — America,His four
transatlantic voyages (1492－ 1493,
1493－ 1496,1498－ 1500,and 1502－
1504) opened the way for European
exploration,exploitation,and
colonization of the Americas,
Columbus's real greatness lies in
the fact that having found the
West Indies — making major
errors in his navigational
computations and location in
doing so — he was able to find his
way back to Europe and return to
the Indies,It is as the result of
Columbus's,discovery” that the
New World became part of the
European world.
human genetic map,Our bodies are
comprised of trillions of microscopic units
called cells,Cells in turn are built up from
many specific types of molecules,both
large and small,The large molecules or
macromolecules include polysaccharides,
nucleic acids and proteins,Proteins are
the workhorses of our cells,There are
about 40,000 different types of proteins in
our bodies,Each protein is present in
many,many copies,An adult,for example,
carries about 1021 (a billion trillion)
hemoglobin molecules,
The flow of genetic information is from
DNA to RNA to Protein,Each protein is a
linear polymer of a specific sequence of 20
different amino acids,DNA is also a
linear polymer comprised of 4 types of
nucleotides,The sequence of amino acids
in each protein is encoded by a segment of
DNA called a gene,Three consecutive
nucleotides in a gene encode a single
amino acid in the corresponding protein,
The genetic code is universal among all
living things.
Khoisan,Khoisan is the name by
which the lighter skinned indigenous
peoples of southern Africa,the Khoi
(Hottentots) and the San (Bushmen)
are known,These people were the
earliest inhabitants of Africa and
dominated the sub-continent for
millennia before the appearance of
the Nguni and other black peoples,
There were probably about 120,000
living in South Africa around 1500,
Basques,The Basques are a people who live
in a small region (about the size of Rhode
Island in the United States) that straddles the
border of Spain and France from the sea in
the west into the Pyrenees in the east,This
area is called Euskal Herria (comprising
seven provinces,historically,Araba,Bizkaia,
Gipuzkoa,and Navarra on the Spanish side;
Laburdi,Zuberoa,and Behe-Nafarroa on the
French side),There are about 660,000,
according to the 1991 census,Fewer than
80,000 of these are on the French side of the
frontier which runs through the Basque
Country,the rest on the Spanish side,
Basques speak a language called euskara,
but today only about 25% of the population is
fluent in that tongue,Even so,the word for a
Basque person,euskaldun,means,possessor
of the Basque language”,The Basque
population is distinguished physically by a
high incidence of Rh Negative factor in the
blood,No one knows exactly where the
Basques came from,Some say they have lived
in that area since Cro-Magnon man first
roamed Europe,Estimates of how long they
have lived there vary from 10,000 to 75,000
years,Some say they are descended from the
original Iberians,More fanciful theories exist,
as well,One is that the Basques are the
descendents of the survivors of Atlantis.
Enriching your
vocabulary
Read the sentences carefully
and guess the meaning of the
italicized term in each sentence
according to the context and
your own experiences,
There is a feeling of our own
superiority and our pride that lie
at the root of our response to
them,
We have argued that the
broadcasting was biased towards
the right wing and the
government of today,
To date,research on the
application of the genetic map is
very limited,
优越性对 … 有偏见至今
It was not possible to change direction
suddenly,yet the damage to education
was obvious as campuses sometimes
resembled market-places rather than
institutions of higher learning,
What she saw was the face of a stranger
who resembled her,mouth pulled out
of shape,skin white,hair without color,
Paul?s features bore a strong
resemblance to his father?s,
The London of the 1990s bears little
resemblance to the London of my youth,
What was needed was nothing less
than a new industrial revolution
and a thriving market,
You?re nothing less than a
murderer!
The setting up of this plant in
three months is nothing less than a
miracle.
The present trend is nothing less
than alarming,
就是简直是简直就是确实
His remarks should have served as
an encouragement to the authorities
to develop this important aspect of
community care,
Criticism and debate are to be
welcomed and should not be
confined to academic circles,
As of today,we do not believe that
the declaration of an emergency
state would increase the flow of
supplies,
视作局限于从今天起
In effect,the influence of this
government was going down
gradually,
Only when your approach to good
health can be adapted to all your own
requirements,will you really
succeed in obtaining your goals of
health care,
The new treatment can be used
either alone or in combination with
the traditional one,
事实上适应与 … 结合
In addition,the research is
expected to shed more light on
the social consequences of
cities? changing economic roles,
Wherever they are now,black
people are descended from
Africans,
更为清楚地说明是 … 的后裔
Homework
Learn the new words and
expressions of the text by heart,
Go over the text and try to get
the main idea of the text,
Analyze the structure of the text,
Reading-Centred
Activities
1,Global Reading Task
Reading Skills,
Text structure analysis:
2,Detailed Reading Task
Language points
Simulated writing
Summary of the text
After-Reading Activities
Vocabulary Exercises
Translating and Writing
Listening and speaking
activities
Talking about the topic
or retelling the text
Listening and speaking
practice in XP center
Population Genetics
Unit 7
Stage 1,Warming-up Activities
Stage 2,Reading-Centred Activities
Stage 3,After-Reading Activities
Stage 4,Listening-and-Speaking
Practice
Warming-up Activities
Group work
Questions for thought and discussion
Background information
Enriching your vocabulary
Comparing the following words
Group work
Go over the preview,the
pre-reading questions and
the title of the text before
listening to the summary of
the story and anticipate
what we are going to read,
Questions for thought
and discussion
Listen to a short passage
carefully and then answer
the following questions,
Background information
Luca Cavalli-Sforza,Cavalli-Sforza,born
in Genoa,Italy,was educated at the
University of Pavia where he gained his
MD in 1944,After working on bacterial
genetics at Cambridge (1948－ 1950) and
Milan (1950－ 1957) he has held chairs in
genetics at Parma (1958－ 1962) and Pavia
(1962－ 1970),In 1970 he was appointed
professor of genetics at the University of
Stanford,California,a position he held
until his retirement in 1992,
Cavalli-Sforza has specialized mainly in the
genetics of human populations,producing
with Walter Bodmer a comprehensive survey
of the subject in their Genetics,Evolution and
Man (1976),He has also done much to show
how genetic data from present human racial
groups could be used to reconstruct their past
separations,This reconstruction,based on the
analysis of 58 genes,yields a bifurcated
evolutionary tree with Caucasian and African
races in one branch and Orientals,Oceanians,
and Amerinds in the other.
Columbus,Christopher Columbus,an
Italian-born master navigator (born in
Genoa,Italy in 1451 and died at
Valladolid,Spain in 1506) who sailed
in the service of Spain,is commonly
described as the discoverer of the New
World — America,His four
transatlantic voyages (1492－ 1493,
1493－ 1496,1498－ 1500,and 1502－
1504) opened the way for European
exploration,exploitation,and
colonization of the Americas,
Columbus's real greatness lies in
the fact that having found the
West Indies — making major
errors in his navigational
computations and location in
doing so — he was able to find his
way back to Europe and return to
the Indies,It is as the result of
Columbus's,discovery” that the
New World became part of the
European world.
human genetic map,Our bodies are
comprised of trillions of microscopic units
called cells,Cells in turn are built up from
many specific types of molecules,both
large and small,The large molecules or
macromolecules include polysaccharides,
nucleic acids and proteins,Proteins are
the workhorses of our cells,There are
about 40,000 different types of proteins in
our bodies,Each protein is present in
many,many copies,An adult,for example,
carries about 1021 (a billion trillion)
hemoglobin molecules,
The flow of genetic information is from
DNA to RNA to Protein,Each protein is a
linear polymer of a specific sequence of 20
different amino acids,DNA is also a
linear polymer comprised of 4 types of
nucleotides,The sequence of amino acids
in each protein is encoded by a segment of
DNA called a gene,Three consecutive
nucleotides in a gene encode a single
amino acid in the corresponding protein,
The genetic code is universal among all
living things.
Khoisan,Khoisan is the name by
which the lighter skinned indigenous
peoples of southern Africa,the Khoi
(Hottentots) and the San (Bushmen)
are known,These people were the
earliest inhabitants of Africa and
dominated the sub-continent for
millennia before the appearance of
the Nguni and other black peoples,
There were probably about 120,000
living in South Africa around 1500,
Basques,The Basques are a people who live
in a small region (about the size of Rhode
Island in the United States) that straddles the
border of Spain and France from the sea in
the west into the Pyrenees in the east,This
area is called Euskal Herria (comprising
seven provinces,historically,Araba,Bizkaia,
Gipuzkoa,and Navarra on the Spanish side;
Laburdi,Zuberoa,and Behe-Nafarroa on the
French side),There are about 660,000,
according to the 1991 census,Fewer than
80,000 of these are on the French side of the
frontier which runs through the Basque
Country,the rest on the Spanish side,
Basques speak a language called euskara,
but today only about 25% of the population is
fluent in that tongue,Even so,the word for a
Basque person,euskaldun,means,possessor
of the Basque language”,The Basque
population is distinguished physically by a
high incidence of Rh Negative factor in the
blood,No one knows exactly where the
Basques came from,Some say they have lived
in that area since Cro-Magnon man first
roamed Europe,Estimates of how long they
have lived there vary from 10,000 to 75,000
years,Some say they are descended from the
original Iberians,More fanciful theories exist,
as well,One is that the Basques are the
descendents of the survivors of Atlantis.
Enriching your
vocabulary
Read the sentences carefully
and guess the meaning of the
italicized term in each sentence
according to the context and
your own experiences,
There is a feeling of our own
superiority and our pride that lie
at the root of our response to
them,
We have argued that the
broadcasting was biased towards
the right wing and the
government of today,
To date,research on the
application of the genetic map is
very limited,
优越性对 … 有偏见至今
It was not possible to change direction
suddenly,yet the damage to education
was obvious as campuses sometimes
resembled market-places rather than
institutions of higher learning,
What she saw was the face of a stranger
who resembled her,mouth pulled out
of shape,skin white,hair without color,
Paul?s features bore a strong
resemblance to his father?s,
The London of the 1990s bears little
resemblance to the London of my youth,
What was needed was nothing less
than a new industrial revolution
and a thriving market,
You?re nothing less than a
murderer!
The setting up of this plant in
three months is nothing less than a
miracle.
The present trend is nothing less
than alarming,
就是简直是简直就是确实
His remarks should have served as
an encouragement to the authorities
to develop this important aspect of
community care,
Criticism and debate are to be
welcomed and should not be
confined to academic circles,
As of today,we do not believe that
the declaration of an emergency
state would increase the flow of
supplies,
视作局限于从今天起
In effect,the influence of this
government was going down
gradually,
Only when your approach to good
health can be adapted to all your own
requirements,will you really
succeed in obtaining your goals of
health care,
The new treatment can be used
either alone or in combination with
the traditional one,
事实上适应与 … 结合
In addition,the research is
expected to shed more light on
the social consequences of
cities? changing economic roles,
Wherever they are now,black
people are descended from
Africans,
更为清楚地说明是 … 的后裔
Homework
Learn the new words and
expressions of the text by heart,
Go over the text and try to get
the main idea of the text,
Analyze the structure of the text,
Reading-Centred
Activities
1,Global Reading Task
Reading Skills,
Text structure analysis:
2,Detailed Reading Task
Language points
Simulated writing
Summary of the text
After-Reading Activities
Vocabulary Exercises
Translating and Writing
Listening and speaking
activities
Talking about the topic
or retelling the text
Listening and speaking
practice in XP center
