历年英语考研真题及英语资料：2007年新东方考研英语强化写作补充材料

考研英语写作补充讲义汪江涛老师编写说明：本讲义跟面授班发的补充讲义一样，页码也一样
一、
1、Introduction：
General description
Details 1,2,3
Caption/Symbolic meanings
2、Body,
1）Topic sentence/Symbolic meanings
2）Argument：background,facts,others’ opinions,reasons,consequence
Cause and effect
Classification
Definition and explanation
Statistics and facts：According to the recent survey/data/figure/statistics/study by the Chinese Academy of Social Science,…%(per cent) ….
Exemplification:
Numerous examples can be given,but this/these will suffice.
I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).
This/These case(s) effectively clarify that…
Compare and contrast
3）Summary
3、Conclusion：
1）Concluding sentence
2）Suggestions 1、2
3）Only in this way can we solve this problem,(It is high time that we solved this problem.)
二、
1、
2、
First(ly),In the first place,To begin with,First and foremost,Above all,On the one hand,For one thing,
Second(ly),In the second place,Besides,In addition,What’s more,Furthermore,Moreover,On the other hand,For another
Last(ly)，（The）Last but not (the)least,More importantly,Even worse,
3、
Conversely,Nevertheless,Unfortunately,Whereas,Yet,Instead,In/By comparison/contrast,On the contrary,
4、
As a result/consequence,Consequently,Accordingly,Thus,Hence,Generally/Briefly speaking,
三、
1、5m,30m,12h,1、2、4、7、14d
1
2
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8
9
10
上
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
AH
BI
CJ
晚
A
AB
BC
ACD
BDE
CEF
DFG
EGH
FHI
GIJ
11
12
13
14
15
16
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19
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上
D
E
F
G
AH
BI
CJ
D
E
F
晚
HJ
I
J
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上
G
H
I
J
A
B
31
32
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上
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D
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F
G
H
I
J
2、
1
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上
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
AH
BI
CJ
晚
A
AB
BC
ACD
BDE
CEF
DFG
EGH
FHI
GIJ
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
上
DK
EL
FM
GN
AHO
BIP
CJQ
DKR
ELS
FMT
晚
HJK
IKL
JLM
KMN
LNO
MOP
NPQ
OQR
PRS
QST
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
上
GN
HO
IP
JQ
KR
LS
MT
N
AO
BP
晚
RT
S
T
31
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上
CQ
DR
ES
FT
G
H
I
J
K
L
41
42
43
44
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46
47
48
49
50
上
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
四、
1、ACCURACY：extensive (a wide range of) knowledge,fierce competition
2、VARIETY：
1）
（1）I hold the opinion that,As far as I am concerned,
（2）cling to the idea,in my opinion/view,point out,
（3）maintain,reckon,assert,hold,claim,emphasize,insist,suppose,assume
2）
Due attention has to be paid to,Importance should be attached to,
be of great importance/significance
vital,essential,crucial,significant
3）people in growing/expanding/increasing/mounting numbers
4）for the purpose of,aim to/at,in a bid to
3、DIFFICULTY：primary/fundamental factors/courses,
4、SPLENDOR：
My eyes were sparkling with delight.
He flied into a stormy rage.
I fell into the abyss of unspeakable pain.
Such is human nature,that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
五、
1、
1）I succeed.
2）I like Ldy.
3）LY is smart.
4）Wei Xiaobao gave Ake an English dictionary.
5）Tulongdao made many people selfish.
2、
The fact that a great many senior citizens are ill-treated indicates/suggests that this issue is extremely serious.
What they fail to understand is that respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue of Chinese culture.
3、We,students from HZ,one of the best universities in Beijing,which is the most beautiful city in China,the greatest country in the world,are singing a pop song named NDYZ sung by LDy,who is my favorite singer,after we played MJ the whole night.
六、
1、
1）Natural disasters claim hundreds of lives every year.
2）I do appreciate your efforts.
3）Once in front of me,lay a real chance,Yet,I did not value it,Not until the moment I lost it,did I realize how regretful I was,If God gave me another opportunity,I would never stop making progress.
4）I sat outside in the hall,Everything inside me has gone away,I didn’t think,I could not think,I knew she was leaving me,but I prayed she not,(Ernest Hemingway,The Sun Also Rises)
2、A culture can be accepted,respected,appreciated and shared.
3、environmental protection/awareness
4、with due consideration of,take into account/consideration
5、
只有这样下岗工人才能彻底摆脱贫困并且重新获得他们生命中的尊严。
总而言之，只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大的词汇量。
考虑到上述所有论证，政府早就该实行改革把传统教育模式转变为素质教育。
2）
（1）Only in this way can laid-off workers completely shrug off poverty and regain their dignity in life.
（2）In conclusion,it is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a large/considerable vocabulary.
（3）Given all the above arguments,it is high time that the authorities enforced reforms to convert traditional education strategy into education for all-round development/quality-oriented education.
6、As John F,Kennedy put it,“Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”
7、
Just as an old saying goes,“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
Just as an old saying goes,“God only helps those who help themselves.”（天助自助者/自助者天助之！）
七、
（一）
1、Bikes are so popular in China.
2、It is incredible to many people,Cigarette smokers spend money for illness.
3、I said I have more respect for him than his wife.
4、We couldn’t decide upon a new car,there were many attractive models.
5、He was knocked down by a bycicle,but it was not serious.
6、To succeed in a scientific research project,persistence is needed.
7、Formerly,science was taught by the textbook method,while now the laboratory method is employed.
8、It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.
9、A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.
10、The competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year and the andidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination and they neglect their health and so the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.
11、In my opinion,I think the picture is very meaningful.
12、The distant explosion was audible to the ear.
13、There are four companies in Shanghai,and any of them can supply us with spare parts.
14、The bottle that are placed on the shelf contain some chemicals that have been newly discovered.
15、Mr,Li,who is my favorite professor,has received a Distingusihed Teacher Award.
（二）
1、Bikes are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.
2、It is incredible to many people that cigarette smokers spend money for illness.
3、I said I had more respect for him than for his wife.
4、We couldn’t decide upon a new car,for there were many attractive models.
5、He was knocked down by a bycicle,but was not seriously hurt.
6、To succeed in a scientific research project,one needs to be persistent.
7、Formerly,science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.
8、The ceremony was both long and tedious.
9、A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.
10、As the competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year,the andidates spend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination,neglecting their health,In view of this,the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up this problem seriously.
11、In my opinion,the picture is very meaningful./I think the picture is very meaningful.
12、The distant explosion was audible.
13、Any of the four companies in Shanghai can supply us with spare parts.
14、The bottles on the shelf contain some new chemicals.
15、Mr,Li,my favorite professor,has received a Distingusihed Teacher Award.
八、
1、
1）increase,grow,rise,expand,ascend,accumulate,surge,swell
jump,leap,skyrocket,soar climb
2）go/push up,post/register/manage a moderate/small gain,gain a momentum,
continue its upward trend
3）increase,growth,rise,expansion,ascendance,accumulation,pickup,gain,
jump,leap climb
4）on the rise/increase/ascendance
2、
decrease,decline,fall,reduce,descend,diminish,dwindle,plunge,
plummet,drop,dip,slump,slide,shrink,collapse
go down,drop/fall off,take a dip,continue its downward trend
decrease,decline,diminishment,slowdown,crawl,slump,shrinkage,dip,
drop,fall
on the decline
3、
1）dramatically,sharply,considerably,rapidly,suddenly,greatly,alarmingly,
significantly,enormously,steeply,incredibly,hugely,amazingly,hugely,substantially
2）at an alarming rate,by leaps and bounds,in big leaps,by a massive leap,
by a wide margin
4、
1）gradually,steadily,slightly,gently,marginally,slowly,moderately
2）in a moderate way,by the least amount
5、remain/stay stable/steady/constant/the same/unchanged
6、rise and fall,fluctuate slightly/dramatically,fluctuate between…and…,a minor fluctuation,We can see small rises and falls/fluctuations.
九、
（一）
Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir/Madam,To whom it may concern,
Dear Mr./Ms,President/Professor/Manager/Editor,Dear President (Michael) Wang,
1） Dear Mr./Ms,President/Professor/Manager/Editor,Dear President (Michael) Wang,
2） Dear Michael,
（二）
1、
1）
2）
（1）I am a staff member from your company/corporation.
（2）I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.
3）I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from my current post/position.
2、
1）
2）
3）
3、
1）
2）
My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words,
Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you,
I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.
3）
（1）I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon,
（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience,
（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
（三）
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
十、
1、
Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city,The city offers a wide choice of jobs for adults and schools for children,It also provides plenty of facilities for culture,entertainment and recreation——restaurants,department stores,cinemas,and so on,Besides,transportation is usually well developed in the city,with a variety of modes of travel,including buses,trams and subways.
In the country,on the other hand,one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food,and a more relaxed life style,Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country,And,as for recreation,what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery?
Conversely,there are disadvanteges to living in either the city or the country,City air tends to be polluted,and the streets are always crowded and noisy,In the country,by contrast,the lack of stimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated.
All in all,I would say that living in the city is best,for the convenience the city offers in terms of education and work; after all,one can always spend vacations in the country——and get the best of both,(198)
2.
Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child,As children get older,they become less eager to communicate with their parents,and a so-called,generation gap” is formed.
There are many causes for this,First of all,parents tend to be conservative and satisfied with what they have,while children are always keen to experience something new,and are quick to adopt new fashions and ways of thinking,Parents,because they have a better understanding of the dangers in society,criticize their younsters’ behavior and are reluctant to let them have their own way,At the same time,children regrad their parents as old-fashioned and ignorant of the modern world.
To dispel such misunderstanding,I reckon that parents should realize that their their children do not need constant protection so much as help to stand on their own feet as independent young people,Meanwhile,children should recognize that their parents have a wealth of experience,and appreciate their advice and assistance,(165)
3.
Today more and more advertisements are appearing on the TV screen,They are not only shown before and after all kind of programs——news,weather forecasts,quiz shows,and so on——but even interrupt dramas and movies,and annoy the viewers.
The factors for this phenomenon are that,to begin with,TV is most efficient and rapid way of disseminating information,As China develops its highly competitive market economy,manufactures and sales people need to inform the general public of the latest commodities that are available,Furthermore,TV stations use the money that they earn from showing the advertisements to produce more programs,Last but not least,it is necessary to keep consumers informed of the range of products that they may choose from.
Accordingly,advertisements on TV serve three useful purposes,Nevertheless,the TV stations should avoid showing advertisements which are of poor quality and make sure that advertisements do not appear so frequently that they spoil the viewers’ enjoyment of his or her favourite programs,(167)
4.
As a human being,one can hardly do without a friend,In fact,friends are sometimes more vital and useful to us than our own family members,Our joys are more pleasant when we have a friend to share them; and our sorrows are easier to bear if we have a friend at our side,Indeed,we sometimes find it easier to confide in friends when we have secrets we are reluctant to reveal to even our closest relatives.
Unfortunately,not all the people we are accustomed to calling friends are friends in the true sense of the word; most of the people we share social occasions with are merely acquaintances,Real friendship involves sincerity,mutual trust and self-sacrifice,both in moments of happiness and on occasions of crisis,A true friend will not just tell us what we want to hear,but advise us to do what he or she assumes is really best for us in the long run.
My principle in making friends is to ignore things like what work they do and what their social backgrounds are,but,instead,to observe carefully the little things that reveal their characters,Only in this way can I be sure that these friends will never let me down,and that we will always be ready to help each other no matter what problems crop up,(226)
5.
Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country,Without a well-educated population,China will not be able to achieve its planned economic growth,catch up with the developed nations technologically or improve the living standards of its people,Yet,according to recent statistics,there are over two million children in China who have dropped out of school because their parents are too poor to pay the fees.
At the moment,the authority has too many things to do as it build up the economy,and cannot afford the money needed to get those children back to school,And so a nationwide drive is necessary to raise funds to rescue them from illiteracy and ignorance,That drive is called the,Project Hope”,The project is a timely response to the problem,and many children living in the poverty-stricken parts of China now have a more billiant future because of the generosity of the people who have donated money to it.
Nevertheless,the,Project Hope” is only a temporary measure,and not a permanent solution,What is needed is a properly funded education system so that all children can be guaranteed an education which will equip them to play their roles to the full in the modernization of China,(211)
6.
The desire for good health is universal,With the quickening pace of urban life and ever-increasing pressure,people in mounting numbers are suffering either physical or mental problems,It is universally acknowledged that good health is the key to a happy life and a successful career.
There are numerous ways of keeping fit,First and foremost,it is most effective to do physical exercises,People respectively choose jogging,playing basketball,swimming,skating,climbing or riding as their regular exercises in that exercises never fail to make us stronger and more energetic,Moreover,we should put geat emphasis on forming good habits,A balanced diet and sufficient sleep are both indispensable to physical fitness,More importantly,mental health should also be taken seriously,Especially in adversity,we need to maintain an optimistic mentality to pull through life’s pain and sorrow,twists and turns.
As far as I am concerned,I have a peculiar interest in yoga exercise,An hour’s exercise every day usually makes me feel healthier and more vigorous,Besides,I never touch any cigarette or wine,neither do I stay up late,Instead,I keep a balanced diet and go to bed before 11 o’clock at night for I suppose buring the midnight oil is harmful to health,What is more,an optimistic attitude toward life makes me confident and persistent,To sum up,all these practices guarantee a fit health and a happy life,(236)
7,P,31
8.
As can be seen from the humorous cartoon,a hen,while laying eggs,is proudly promising that her eggs are all normal and oval-shaped rather than twisted,Besides,they all consist of shells,egg whites and yokes,Since the hen is emphasizing a simple fact known to everyone,the promise sounds rather meaningless and queer.
Undoubedly,the drawing has symbolically revealed a serious problem in our daily life,the widespread meaningless promises made by people from all walks of life,In particular,some profit-driven enterprises take advantage of such promises to win people’s trust and favor,Although their products have nothing to recommend,they present misleading advertisements and deceptive descriptions to exaggerate their ordinary work,Similarly,some individuals,obsessed with fame and success,try every means to publicize their deeds,but actually they are just assuming their duties,Such empty promises and boasts will definitely do great harm to people as well as to the society.
Hence,Measures should be taken to terminate the ridiculous practices,For one thing,authorities should establish some regulations to prohibit enterprises and people from making such promises,For another,people should get ready to pass criticism upon empty promises anytime and anywhere,After all,it is imperative to develop our society by performing hard work instead of talking nonsense,(215)
9.
The two charts show that the increase in the U.S,population has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species,Far too many species have been lost already,This poses a danger to the ecological balance.
As the human population expands,wild animals in mounting numbers are hunted for food,or because they are thought to present a threat to man,But studies show that one of the primary causes of the disappearance of wildlife is pollution,which is one of the consequences of population growth and economic development,This makes us wonder if men are able to share this planet in harmony with other life forms.
In my opinion,it is imperative for us to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts,One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction,But,more importantly,men must learn to stop polluting the environment,or he himself will be extinct,（167）
10,P,41
11,
When we use the word,love”,we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex,which is a very narrow definition of the word,The picture below illustrates the real meaning of love,by stressing the fact that love is emotional strength,which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes,In fact,throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions.
As an example of the power of love,we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year,Although their incomes are still low by international standards,people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to help their needy fellow citizens,Moreover,they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.
In my opinion,the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are,We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble,no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers,In this way,we can help to make the world a better place,for,as the picture shows,the darker the shadows of sorrow become,the more brightly the lamp of love shines,（232）
12,
The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face,She wears ribbons,necklaces and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a certain Chinese minority group,Undoubtedly,the costume has added oriental charm to her beautiful look/appearance/features.
What the picture conveys goes far beyond only a new fashion trend,Instead,it carries cultural meanings,The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted,respected,appreciated and shared internationally,In other words,a nation’s unique culture can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges,Since the trend of globalization become irresistible,cultural communication can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship.
It is my view that national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished,Meanwhile,there are good reasons to advocate international culture for those ideas from the other cultures,controversial or even absurd at first sight,can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run,Nevertheless,when we are confronted with a different culture,we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side,Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our world dimensional,colorful and vigorous,（220）
13.
The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances,As is shown in the first cartoon,the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse that shelters it from the threatening lightening and storm,With proper temperature,moisture and fertilizer,the flower is growing in full bloom,On the contrary,when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain,the flower soon fades and withers,with the petals cast about on the grounds.
To begin with,the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the green house cannot withstand the test of the storm,yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously,The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people,to be specific,the only children in our current society; the greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms,or the harsh reality,Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world,they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.
Accordingly,it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings,On the one hand,we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to be more independent in life,On the other hand,parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems,Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability,and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world,（272）
14,
It is vividly depicted in the cartoon that a boy is running along the racetrack with painstaking efforts,sweat pouring down his face,After a long journey,he is making the final spurt toward the finishing line,with strong determination to become the champion,
Undoubtedly the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress,Owing to the quickening pace of life,competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life,stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another,Once a person stops making progress,he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this competitive world,Generally speaking,neither a country nor a person can remain stagnant.
A case in point is the successful launching of,Shenzhou V Spacecraft” which sets china in a high position of aviation and space flight,Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese,we are facing new challenges in the future and need to do further research in space technology,Another illustration is closely related to us,the examinees,If we pass this test and are fortunately admitted by a university,we shall not stop making efforts,On the whole,these examples effectively clarify the saying that,destination is another starting point.” （216）
15、
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon,four children are playing a,football match” of taking care of their aged father,Each of them stands in a different corner of a football field,The eldest son kicked out the father with the other three children guarding their goals,
The purpose of the drawing is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the mistreatment of senior citizens,First and foremost,some people shirk their duty of financially supporting their old and helpless parents due to their own interests,Furthermore,some elderly people are often ill-treated by their own children and cannot lead a normal life,Last but not least,while some young people enjoy a comfortable life,their parents are neglected and reduced to utter poverty.
It is imperative for us to take drastic measures,To begin with,relevant laws and regulations should be made to severely punish those who shun the responsibilities of caring their parents,In addition,we should cultivate the awareness of the young that respecting the old has always been the traditional virtue of Chinese culture,Only in this way can we curb the current evil phenomenon revealed in the picture,（198）
16,
Directions,Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should first describe the photos briefly; then interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,and give your point of view.
You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2,(20 points)



图一：把崇拜写在脸上。 图二：花300元做个"小贝"头。
注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）：英国足球明星。
As is vividly depicted in the photos above,Beckham,the smart British football superstar,is enjoying a striking popularity among the adolescents,In the first picture,Beckham’s name appears on a young man’s face,The caption indicates that worship for the idol is written on the face,In the second photo,another young man is doing Beckham’s chic hairstyle in a barbershop,We are informed that he is spending 300 yuan imitating his idol’s haircut.
Undoubtedly,the pictures have subtly reflected the social phenomenon that idol worship is prevalent among the teenagers nowadays,Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose handsome appearance and unparalleled football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans,Likewise,several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China,which provoked nationwide noisy debates on the value and harm of admiring these idols,Briefly speaking,young people are inclined to idolize the people who excel in appearance,intelligence or talent.
Hence,idolatry,the thought-provoking social phenomenon,is a double-edged sword which can exert profound influence on the growth of young people,If we simply worship the idols by imitating their hairstyles or pursuing fashions unreasonably,the obsession will certainly waste us a great deal of money or time,endangering the efficiency of our work,On the contrary,we will lead a positive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve ourselves by bridging the gap between our models and us,Accordingly,the latter attitude should be adopted to direct our way of life,(254)
17.
Directions,Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should first describe the drawing briefly; then interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,and give your point of view,You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2,
Basically,what we see in this picture is a bird lamenting the fact that its home has been destroyed,Of course,birds usually make their home in trees,and since there are no trees left in the picture——only the stumps,to show that the original trees have been chopped down——the bird is left without shelter,In fact,the bird has no choice but to perch on the handle of an axe,which has been used to destroy its original home.
We can deduce from this picture that the drawer is trying to attract our attention to the tragedy of the destruction of forests,which is part of the threat to the ecological balance of the planet,He seems to be saying that soon there will be no trees left in the world,In my opinion,the sad little bird is a symbol of all living things,including humans,and,like the bird,we too will be left homeless if we allow the destruction of the environment to continue.
This simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole of the human race,If this vivid image of the grim future of our planet is not to become a reality,we must take positive steps right now to put an end to the plundering of the Earth’s natural resources,It is clear that the drawer of the picture is urging us to start with a campaign to save the forests,which is something all of us can join by urging our local authorities to take positive measures to save the trees,（262）
I saw a tiny bird crying for its lost house.
I can see a little bird crying for its lost home.
The picture vividly depicts a little bird shedding tears for its lost paradise.
18.
Directions,Study the following drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should first describe the drawings briefly; then interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,and give your point of view,You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2,
As is shown in the pictures,trees play a vital role in water and soil conservation,In the left hand picture,people are fleeing from voracious sand dunes because they cut down all the trees,The caption reads,“As the sand advances,we retreat.” In the right hand picture,the people have returned carrying tools,water and samplings for the reforestation of the land,We are informed that,“As we advances,the sand retreats.”
It seems that the cartoonist is sending a message about the significance of trees in water and soil conservation and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of the desertification,In fact,what he is saying is if we do not fight against the sand,it will drive us away from the land,If we let this situation go as it is,our environment will suffer a great destruction.
The best way to fight back against the greedy desert is made clear in the second picture,There the local people are vigorously setting about the task of planting trees to reclaim the land and make it fertile,The fact that there are three people in the picture,each with a different job suggests that cooperative efforts is one of the keys to success in the battle against soil erosion.（215）
19,Directions:
Describe the changes indicated in the table.
The reasons for the change.
Make predictions about the future tendency.
Statistics in People’s Daily Expenses in Xi’an
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999 (%)
Food
66
61
48
41
36
Clothing
9
10
12
15
18
Recreation
4
5
8
9
11
Others
21
24
32
35
35
Total
100
100
100
100
`100
What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi’an from 1995 to 1999,The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%,The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to each other.
There are two factors accounting for these changes,Development in economy is an essential one in the five years,The increased income resulting from economic growth plays a vital role in the less expense on food,Hence,a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expenses,Another one is the changes in life style,When food presents no worry to the average,people begin to focus more of their interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time,As a result of such a shift,spending on clothing and recreation increases year by year.
From the analyses made above,we may come to the conclusion that people’s living standards in Xi’an have been constantly improved between 1995 and 1999,With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style,the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction,(206 words)
20、
Directions,Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should first describe the drawing briefly; then interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,and give your point of view,You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.



河南上万大学生蜂拥招聘会 浙江招聘会现场
As is illustrated in the pictures,thousands of students in Henan and Zhejiang Province went to two conferences to find jobs,Job hunting has been a headache for college graduates,
Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get jobs? The causes of this phenomenon are various,For one thing,a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors,such as economy,finance and so on that the number of graduates is greater than the need in the market,For another,most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country,According to the recent statistcics by China’s Ministry of Education,3.38 million college students graduated all over the country in 2005 and only 75% of them are employed right after graduation,
I assume this hard nut can be cracked if both colleges and students take effective actions,First and foremost,universities should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need,In addition,students’s attitude towards employment should be changed,Going to some small cities and country,they can give full play to their professional theoretical knowledge and practical skills,Briefly speaking,if we attach much importance,this situation can be improved,(209)
21、
Directions,Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should first describe the drawing briefly; then interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,and give your point of view,You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.



情人节PK元宵节 春节危险
The cartoons vividly depict the current celebration of western and Chinese festivals in China,In picture one,the Lantern Festival is defeated by St,Valentine’s Day on an arena,The captions reads,“The Lantern Festival PK St,Valentine’s Day”,In the second picture,a happy Santa Claus with lots of gifts is running in front of two astonished chinese children with firecrackers and lanterns,We are informed that,The Spring Festival is in danger”.
The purpose of the drawings is to show us that importance should be attached to the issue of festival celebration,On the one hand,western festival celebrations are so collorful that especially the youth cannot resist all the temptation of having one,Just imagine the romantic atmosphere on St,Valentine’s Day,the fun on All Fool’s Day and the ecstasy brought by gifts and games at Christmas,On the other hand,Chinese festivals have their own attractives,Think about the comfort of family reunion during Spring Festival and the delicacy of national feelings on many occasions.
As for me,some fashionable western festivals are no doubt days to set aside as special,Meanwhile,I cannot afford to be absent from family gathering during many Chinese festivals,My celebration would be a combined one,some for western festivals,some for Chinese ones,(217)
22、
Directions,Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should first describe the drawing briefly; then interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,and give your point of view,You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.


In recent years,people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet,As is vividly depicted in the picture,it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line,either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work’s needs,However,it seems rather ironic to use a chain instead of normal wire to connect with the mouse in this picture,The exaggerative and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet.
Discussion on the duality has become very popular in newspapers or in people’s chats,On the one hand,no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life,As a college student,I get on line every day to learn the news,to study English by registering for web courses and to exchange information through e-mails with my net friends,But on the other hand,a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle,Consequently,many students just chat on line or play computer games immoderately every day,skipping many important classes,Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in the exams.
Therefore,it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence,After all，Internet is invented to enrich our life,to connect you and me,and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain,（248 words）
23、
Directions,Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should first describe the drawing briefly; then interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,and give your point of view,You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

网友见面
The cartoon vividly shows that when two teenagers meet their net friend named,Beauty”,to their astonishment,they really find an old lady in front of a computer,The purpose of this drawing is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the issue of Internet friendship.
According to the recent survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Science,65% of people who roam the information Superhighway are there in search of social interaction,As a consequence,the voice speaking through the other side of the line can be used to disguise aspects of a user’s personality,And this might bring an unpleasant or even damaging outcome,Numerous examples can be given,but this will suffice,One of my closest friend,Helen,started a Net relationship with a man she knew as,Prince Charming”,The physical contact,however,reveals that her beloved idol was a husband with wife,
In my view,first and foremost,it is true that people may gain community on the Net,but this exists only in cyberspace,Furthermore,although Internet friendship can give users companionship and even romance,it often ends with failure and even disaster,It is high time that we placed great emphasis on this phenomenon,(206)
24、
Directions,Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should first describe the drawing briefly; then interpret the social ph enomenon reflected by them,and give your point of view,You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.


青少年犯罪低龄化
The cartoon vivdly illustrates a gang of younsters,holding axes in their hands,are rushing to fight with others,The caption reads,“Juvenile delinquency is increasingly lower than normal age.”
Careful deliberation of this problem has given me several ideas as to why this should be so,To begin with,with the rising divorce rate,some children are not properly taken care of,and are easily led astray by evildoers,What is more,devoid of the nourishment of education and a school environment,the teenagers failing in various entrance examinations become full of resentment at a society which they feel has rejected them,Lat but not least,inexperienced and gullible young people plunge into the illusory world of electric games,on-line chat or even pornography,Such alienation from proper social values is the slippery slope to crime.
It is my view that,first of all,the whole of society should attach great importance to the sound growth of younsters,Furthermore,proper guidance and protection of adults and schools are vital to teenagers,To sum up,if we exert every effort,the juvenile crime rate will undoubtedly be brought down and effectively controlled in a short while,(197)
参考译文
1、
很多人欣赏城市的便利。城市为成人提供了广泛的就业机会，为孩子提供了多样的上学选择。它也提供了大量的文化、娱乐和消遣设施——饭店、商场、剧院等等。此外，城里交通比较发达，拥有包括公交、有轨电车、地铁等种类繁多的交通模式。
而另一方面，人们在乡下可以享受新鲜的空气和食物，以及一种更休闲的生活方式。乡下的住房通常宽敞便宜。至于娱乐，什么能比在美景中的乡间小路上散步更加放松身心呢？
然而，无论住在城里还是乡下都有缺点。城里空气经常被污染，而且街道经常拥挤嘈杂。另一方面在乡下，缺少激动人心的活动常使人感到空虚无聊、与世隔绝。
总而言之，我认为由于城市在教育和工作方面的便利，最好住在城里。毕竟人们可以在乡下度假——从而两全其美。
2、
现在父母和子女之间经常缺乏理解。当孩子们长大后，他们变得不太愿意和父母交流，因此形成了所谓的“代沟”。
这个问题原因很多。首先，父母们倾向于比较保守，安于现状；而孩子们总是热衷于体验新鲜事物，而且很快接受新的时尚潮流与生活方式。父母们由于更多了解社会中的危险，所以经常指责他们子女的行为，并且不愿让他们自行其是。同时，孩子们认为他们的父母跟不上时代，不了解现代社会。
为了消除这种误解，我认为父母们应该意识到，他们的子女作为独立的年轻人，不再需要这么多的长期保护，而需要帮助他们自立。同时，孩子们应该认识到他们的父母拥有丰富的经验，并且感谢他们的忠告和帮助。
3、
现在，电视屏幕上出现了越来越多的广告。他们不仅出现在新闻、天气预报、智力测验等各种节目前后，甚至打断电视剧和电影，使观众不悦。
这个现象的原因如下。首先，电视是最有效和快捷的传播信息方式。由于中国正在发展高度竞争的市场经济，厂家和销售人员需要告知公众可以购买的最新商品。其次，电视台利用从播放广告中的赢利来制作更多的节目。最后，有必要使消费者了解可供选择的产品范围。
因此，电视广告服务于三项主要目的。然而，电视台应该避免播放劣质广告，并且不要过于频繁播放广告，以至于破坏了观众观看他们喜爱的节目的兴趣。
4、
作为个体，一个人没有朋友将无法生存。事实上，有时候朋友比我们自己的家庭成员更加重要和有用。当有朋友分享时，我们才会更加快乐；当有朋友分担时，我们的悲伤才更易于承受。实际上，有时候当有一些秘密甚至不愿告诉最近的亲人时，我们发现告诉朋友可能更容易。
但是并非我们习惯称作朋友的所有人都是真正意义上的朋友。大多数我们社交中的人士只是熟人而已。真正的友谊包括无论在快乐时光还是危机时刻的真诚、相互信任和自我牺牲。一位真正的朋友不会仅仅告诉我们想听的，而是建议我们去做那些他们认为长期来看对我们最好的事情。
我交朋友的原则是忽略那些他们做什么工作或社会背景如何的事情，而是仔细观察显示他们性格的细微小事。只有这样我才能确信这些朋友不会让我失望，而且无论出现什么问题，我们都将相互帮助。
5、
教育在我国的现代化过程中发挥重要作用。如果没有良好教育的民众，中国将无法取得计划中的经济发展、技术上赶上发达国家或提高人民的生活水平。然而，根据最新调查，在中国有两百多万人由于父母贫困无法负担学费，已经辍学。
目前，政府在发展经济过程中有太多事情要做，无法承担使这些孩子重新上学所需的费用。因此需要一个全国性的行动来募集资金把他们从文盲和无知中解脱出来。这个行动就是“希望工程”，是对这个问题的及时回应，而且很多住在中国贫困地区的孩子由于捐助人的好心资助，现在拥有了更美好的未来。
然而，“希望工程”只是一个暂时措施，而非长久之计。现在所需的是一个合理投资的教育体系，以便保证所有的孩子得到教育，并将帮助他们在实现我国现代化过程中发挥作用。
6、
人们普遍希望拥有良好的健康。随着都市生活节奏的加快和日益增加的压力，越来越多的人们正在受到各种生理或心理问题的困扰。普遍公认良好健康是生活快乐和事业成功的关键。
保持健康有很多种方式。首先，进行体育锻炼最有效。由于锻炼总是可以使我们身体强壮、精力充沛，所以人们分别选择慢跑、篮球、游泳、滑冰、登山、骑车等作为日常锻炼。其次，我们应该重视形成好的生活习惯。对于身体健康而言，均衡饮食和充足睡眠都是不可缺少的。此外，应该认真重视心理健康。尤其在逆境中，我们需要保持乐观的心态来跨越人生的痛苦悲伤、挫折磨难。
就我而言，我对瑜珈有特殊的兴趣。每天一小时的锻炼经常使我感到更加健康、充满活力。此外，我烟酒不沾，也不熬夜。相反，我保持均衡的饮食，并相信熬夜不利于健康，所以在晚上11点之前睡觉。最后，乐观的生活态度使我充满自信、坚持不懈。总而言之，所有的这些实践保证了良好的健康和快乐的生活。
7、
大多数人认为吸烟引起了许多严重的问题。但是，烟草公司则坚持认为他们通过向政府纳税，雇用数以百计的工人，为世界经济做出了巨大的贡献。
我个人认为香烟生产和消费的危害大于益处。第一，吸烟是导致诸如肺癌、心脏病等许多致命疾病的原因。调查显示，烟民占世界人口的20％。在这些人中，每年有三百万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。烟草产量从1994年的143.64亿磅减少到1995年的142亿磅这一事实也表明，人们开始意识到吸烟的负面影响。第二，烟草消费是经济上的极大浪费。如图所示，每年由于吸烟损失2000亿美元。显然，全球的经济损失大大超过烟草工业的所得。
总而言之，由于经济发展旨在改善人民的生活，我们不能为了短期的经济利益牺牲健康。如果我们不得不花费越来越多的金钱为身患与吸烟相关疾病的人提供医疗服务的话，那么通过烟草生产来发展经济的说法就站不住脚了。我们早就该全面禁烟了。
8、
如这幅幽默的漫画所示，一只母鸡在下蛋的同时，骄傲的承诺它的蛋都是正常的椭圆而非变形。同时，它们都包括蛋壳、蛋清和蛋黄。由于这只母鸡在强调一个众所周知的简单事实，这个承诺听起来毫无意义、稀奇古怪。
毫无疑问，这幅漫画象征性的揭示了我们日常生活中的一个严重问题：即各行各业人们所作出的广泛的无聊承诺。尤其是一些受利益驱使的企业利用这种承诺来赢得人们的信任和好意。尽管它们的产品没什么值得推荐的，但它们推出误导的广告和欺骗的描述来夸大他们平凡的工作。同样有一些迷恋于名誉和成功的个人，竭尽全力宣传他们的行为，但实际上他们只是在履行其职责。这些空洞的承诺和吹嘘将无疑会极大损害公众和社会。
因此，我们需要采取措施制止这些荒谬的行为。首先，政府应该制定法规来禁止企业和个人做出这种承诺。其次，人们应该随时随地批评这些空洞的承诺。毕竟，我们不能空空其谈，需要付出努力工作来发展我们的社会。
9、
这两幅图表显示，随着美国人口的增长，野生物种的数量相应减少。太多物种已经灭绝，这对生态平衡构成了威胁。
随着人口的增长，越来越多的野生动物被捕猎作为食物，或者人类人为它们对自己构成威胁。但研究表明，野生动物消失的主要原因之一是污染，而这是人口增长和经济发展的后果之一。这使我们怀疑人类是否能够和其他生命形式在这个星球上和谐共处。
我认为，必须采取措施扭转图表中所示的令人忧虑的趋势。措施之一是禁止在野生动物有灭绝危险的地区建设城市，但更重要的是人类应该学会停止污染环境，否则人类自身也将灭绝。
10、
如图所示，随着商业捕鱼的泛滥，鱼的数量已经显著下降。在一幅图中，1900年只有一艘渔船，而有各种各样的鱼。而在另一幅图中，1995年只有一只鱼，但有很多渔船。
这组图的目的是告诉我们应该对海洋资源的减少给予充分重视。由于过度捕捞，鱼的数量已经明显下降。如果我们让这种情况听之任之的话，我们不知道鱼的未来在哪儿。到那时，我们的环境将会遭受巨大的破坏。
因此，我们急需采取严厉措施。一方面，我们应该呼吁各级政府制定严格的法律来控制商业捕鱼。另一方面，我们应该增强人们的意识：海洋资源对我们非常重要。只有这样才能保护我们的海洋资源。我同时相信我们人类能够克服这个困难，并将拥有更美好的未来。
11,
当我们用到”爱”这个词，我们不仅指对异性的吸引，这是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。下面的图画注解了爱的真正含义，它强调爱是情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱都能支撑我们。事实上，历史上处于不同文化中的人们都把爱当作人类最高尚的情感。
举一个例子证明爱的力量，我们应该记得每年中国各族人民如何响应号召去支援自然灾害中的受难者。尽管他们的收入按照国际标准衡量还是处于低水平，但是，全国人民毫不犹豫地尽他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些贫困的同胞。并且，他们这么做不考虑自己的得失。
我认为，表示爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样，我们能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方。因为，正像图画所描绘的，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。
12,
这幅图画生动描述了一位可爱的美国女孩身穿传统的中国服装，面带甜蜜的微笑。她戴着具有某个中国少数民族服饰特征的发带、项链和其它饰品。毫无疑问，这套服装为她美丽的外表增加了东方魅力。
这幅图画所表达的内涵远不只是一种新的时装潮流。反之，它具有文化内涵。各国人民被神秘的中国文化所吸引这个事实，显示了在某种程度上，一种文化可以被接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。换言之，一个民族的独特文化可以通过全球性的经济和文化交流走向世界。由于全球化潮流不可阻挡，所以文化交流可以有效地增进相互间的理解和友谊。
在我看来，民族文化作为无价的精神财富，应该被保存和珍惜。同时，我们很有必要推广世界文化。因为来自其它文化的观点，即使乍看起来相互矛盾或荒谬，但从长远看来，可以为我们观察这个世界提供一种不同的视角。然而，在我们面临其它文化时，我们应该充满理智地取其精华、去其糟粕。只有这样我们才能积极发展民族文化，并使我们的世界丰富多元、多姿多彩、充满活力。
13,
上述图画生动描绘了一朵鲜花在不同环境中的命运。如第一幅图所示，花儿被放置在一个舒适的温室中，使它远离雷电和暴雨的威胁。有适当的温度、湿度和肥料，花儿正在绽放。与此相反，当它被移出温室并暴露在暴雨中时。花儿很快就凋谢枯萎了，花瓣散落满地。
首先，这两幅图的目的是要告诉我们“温室里的花朵经不起风雨”，而其微妙传达出的象征意义更应被重视起来。这朵娇弱的花朵自然使人联想到年轻人，具体地说，是我们社会中的独生子女。温室则是父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影，它为年轻人挡风遮雨，使他们远离残酷的现实。一旦年轻人开始在现实世界中寻求独立并接受挑战时，他们已被惯坏，很难坚强地面对困难。
因此，我们要从这些发人深思的图画中获取积极的意义。一方面，我们可以不断用图画去启发年轻人在生活中自立自强。另一方面，父母应该采取理智做法，给子女更多自由，让他们去面对烦恼和问题。只有在逆境中经历更多的挑战和磨练，他们才能培养出坚强的个性和能力。也只有这样做，他们才会在充满竞争的世界里走向成功。
14,
这幅图画生动地描绘了一个男孩在沿着跑道奔跑。他付出了艰辛的努力，汗水淌下脸庞。在长途跋涉之后，他在朝着终点冲刺，并拥有强大的决心成为冠军。
毫无疑问，这幅画显示了人生就像跑步的过程一样，人们应该做出不断的努力，而且决不要停止前进。由于生活节奏的加快，各行各业的竞争日趋激烈，激励每个人去追求一个又一个的目标。一旦一个人停止取得进步，他就很难保持过去的荣誉并在此竞争世界中生存下去。总之，无论一个国家还是一名个人都不能停滞不前。
一个典型的例子就是“神舟五号”飞船的成功发射，使中国在航空和空间飞行中处于高端地位。尽管这对我们中国人意味着巨大的成就，但我们在未来正面临着新的挑战，并需要在空间技术方面进行继续研究。另一个例子和我们考生密切相关。如果我们经过了考试，并幸运地被一所大学所录取，我们也不应停止努力。总而言之，这些例证有效地证明了“终点又是新起点”这一说法。
15,
如图所示，四个孩子在打一场照顾他们年迈父母的“足球赛”。每个人站在球场的一角。大儿子踢出父亲，其他三个孩子守着球门。
这幅图的目的是告诉我们应该重视虐待老年人问题。首先，有些人由于自己的利益逃避赡养他们年迈无助父母的责任。其次，有些老年人经常被他们自己的子女虐待，不能过正常生活。最后，当一些年轻人享受舒适生活的同时，他们的父母被忽视，一贫如洗。
我们急需采取严厉措施。一方面，我们应该制定相关的法律法规严惩那些逃避养老责任的人。另一方面，我们应该培养人们的意识：尊老是中华文化的传统美德。只有这样我们才能制止图画中所显示的这种丑恶现象。
16,
以上的照片生动地显示出，相貌英俊的英国足球巨星贝克汉姆在年轻人中广受欢迎。在第一张照片中，贝克汉姆的名字出现在一个年轻人的额头上。文字表明：对偶像的崇拜写在了脸上。在第二张照片中，这个年轻人正在理发店中做贝克汉姆的时髦发型。我们得到的信息是：他正花300元来模仿偶像的发式。
毫无疑问，照片巧妙地反映了这样一个社会现象：偶像崇拜目前在青年人中非常盛行。贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象，他的英俊外表以及高超的球技正是球迷们热情追捧的。同样，2005年中国举办的“超级女生”大赛中，几个十几岁的女孩一夜成。围绕着崇拜这些偶像的意义和危害，这个事件激起了全国性的争论。总之，青年人往往容易崇拜那些在外表、才华和特长方面极其出色的人。
在我看来，偶像崇拜这个发人深思的社会现象，其实是把双刃剑，可以深刻影响青年人成长。如果我们只是靠模仿偶像发型或追逐时尚的方式来崇拜他们，这种痴迷将必定浪费我们大量的金钱和时间，影响我们的工作效率。相反，如果我们靠弥补我们和榜样之间的差距来努力提高自己，我们就会过一种积极和收获显著的生活。因此，我们应当采取后面一种态度来指引我们的人生。
17、
我们主要能从这幅图上看到的是一只小鸟为自己的家被毁坏而悲伤。当然，鸟类通常把家建在树上，因为图中没有树了——只有树桩，表明原来的树被砍伐了——这只鸟无处藏身。实际上，这只鸟别无选择，只能停在被用来破坏它原来家园的斧柄上。
我们可以从图中推测出画家试图把我们的注意力吸引到森林遭到破坏这一悲剧上，而这正是威胁地球生态平衡的一部分。他似乎想说很快世界上将没有树了，但我认为这只可怜的小鸟象征包括人类在内的所有生物。而且，如果我们允许继续破坏环境，我们也会像小鸟一样无家可归。
这幅简单的图画是对全人类的一个警钟。如果不想让这个对这个星球可怕未来的生动的描绘变成现实，我们现在必须采取积极的措施停止掠夺地球的自然资源。很明显，画家在力劝我们开始拯救森林的行动。我们都可以参与，敦促当地政府采取措施拯救树木。
18,
如图所示，树木对水土保持起着至关重要的作用。左图中，人们被贪婪的沙丘追赶，因为他们砍伐了所有的树木。标题写着：“沙进我退”。右图中，人们拿着工具、水和树苗回来重新植树造林。我们被告知：“我进沙退”。
我认为，漫画家要告诉我们的是：树木对水土保持的重要性，以及每个人参与抵制沙化威胁的必要性。实际上，他要说的是如果我们不与沙漠做斗争，它会把我们从土地上赶走。如果我们让这种情况继续下去，环境将遭到巨大的破坏。
第二幅图清楚地说明了击退贪婪沙漠的方法。那里的人们正在热情高涨地着手植树造林、收回土地，使它变得肥沃。图中三个人每人干不同的工作，这说明合作努力是成功防止土壤侵蚀的关键之一。
19,
上表中显示的数据表明，从1995年到1999年，西安人的日常支出发生了很大变化。食物支出下降了30％，服装和娱乐支出分别上升了9％和7％。上下波动的数据似乎独立存在，但是相互之间却紧密联系。
造成这些变化的因素有两个。这五年中的经济发展是一个不可或缺的原因。经济发展带来的收入增长，对食物支出的减少起到了很大的作用。因此，工资总额的一小部分足以支付食物的费用。另一个因素是生活方式的改变。当普通人不再担心食物时，人们开始把更多的兴趣集中到漂亮的外貌和快乐的休闲时间。这种转变的结果是服装和娱乐的支出逐年提高。
根据上面所做的分析，我们可以得出这样的结论：西安人的生活水平在1995年和1999年期间一直在改善。随着经济的进一步增长和生活方式的更多改变，表中显示的趋势将继续向好的方向发展。
20、
如图所示，河南和浙江省上万的大学生进入两个招聘会寻找工作。找工作对很多大学毕业生来讲已经变成了非常头疼的问题。
为什么大学生发现越来越难找工作？这个现象的原因如下。首先，几年前各大学院和大学录取了这么多经济、金融等热门专业的学生，以至于毕业生的数量超过了市场需求。其次，大多数大学生宁愿呆在大城市没有合适的工作，也不愿去小城市和乡村。根据中国教育部最新调查，2005年全国有338万大学生毕业，而其中只有75％毕业后马上找到了工作。
我认为如果大学和学生都采取有效措施，这个难题可以解决。首先，大学应该调查市场来发展学生的特殊技能适应需求。其次，学生的就业观念应该转变。他们应该去小城市和乡镇，在那里他们可以充分发挥自己的专业的理论知识和实践技能。总而言之，如果我们更加重视，这种状况可以得到改进。
21、
这些漫画生动描述了当前中国庆祝西方和中国节日的现状。在图一中，元宵节在擂台上被情人节打败了。文字说明显示：“情人节PK元宵节”。在图二中，一个开心的圣诞老人满载礼品，跑在两个迷茫的拿着鞭炮和灯笼的中国孩子前面。我们被告知：“春节危险”。
这些漫画的目的是告诉我们应该重视庆祝节日的问题。一方面，西方节日如此丰富多彩以至于尤其年轻人难以抵制过节的诱惑。设想一下情人节的浪漫气氛、愚人节的乐趣和圣诞节礼物和游戏带来的惊喜。另一方面，中国的节日也有其魅力。想想那春节期间全家团圆的温馨以及很多节日中民族情感的慰藉。
对我而言，一些时尚的西方节日无疑是要特别度过的。同时，我也无法在很多中国节日中缺席家庭聚会。我的节日祝贺是中西结合的。
22、
近年来，人们与互联网之间的关系变得越来越不可分割。如图生动所示，无论是为了自我娱乐还是适应工作的需求，我们都很方便在网上冲浪时点击鼠标。事实上，网上浏览已在我们的每日生活中成为一种日常活动。然而，在这幅图中看来相当讽刺的是，使用一条锁链而不是普通的鼠标线连接鼠标。这幅夸张并使人印象深刻的图画微妙揭示了人与互联网之间关系的双重性。
在报纸上和人们的谈论中，关于这种双重性的讨论已经变得非常热门。一方面，不可否认互联网现在是我们日常生活中最有用的媒体之一。作为一名大学生，我每天上网了解新闻，通过注册网络课程来学习英语，同时借助电子邮件和我的网友们交流信息。但在另一方面，很多人承认他们太沉迷于网络而无法保持一种正常和健康的生活方式。因此，很多学生每天只是没有节制的网上聊天或打电子游戏，逃过很多重要课程。这么浪费时间无疑会导致他们考试失败。
因此，我们很有必要以一种合理的方式使用互联网，避免过度沉迷。毕竟，人们发明互联网是为了丰富我们的生活，连接我和你，并非用锁链束缚我们，而是为了提高我们的工作效率。
23、
这幅漫画生动显示了当两个年轻人见到他们名叫“美女老佛爷”的网友时，令他们目瞪口呆的是，他们看到一位老奶奶坐在电脑前。这幅图的目的是告诉我们应该充分重视网络友谊的问题。
根据中国社科院最新调查，65％的人在信息高速公路上浏览是在求找社交。其结果是，网线另一端发出的声音可以用来掩盖一名用户性格的方方面面。而这可能造成不快甚至破坏性的后果。可以给出无数的例子，但下面这个就足以说明问题。我最好的一个朋友海伦，和一名网名“白马王子”的男子开始了一场网恋。而亲身接触证明了她深爱的偶像是一名有妇之夫。
在我看来，首先人们确实可以在网上获得社交，但这只存在于数字空间中。此外,尽管网络友谊可以给用户带来友情甚至浪漫，它也经常以失败和灾难告终。我们早就该重视这个现象了。
24、
这幅漫画生动描述了一群年轻人手持斧头，正在跑去群殴。文字说明显示：“青少年犯罪低龄化”。
对这个问题的认真思考告诉了我这个问题出现的原因。首先，随着离婚率上升，有些孩子没有得到适当照顾，很容易被坏人带入歧途。其次，由于缺少教育和学校环境的熏陶，各种入学考试中落榜的青少年对于他们认为抛弃了他们的社会充满仇恨。最后，无知轻信的年轻人陷入电子游戏、网络聊天甚至色情的虚幻世界中不能自拔。这种偏离正确的社会价值观很容易导致犯罪。
在我看来，首先，整个社会应该高度重视青少年的健康成长。其次，成人和学校的正确引导和爱护对青少年至关重要。总而言之，如果我们竭尽全力，短期之内青少年犯罪率无疑会下降并得到有效控制。
十一、
1、
Directions,You want to study at a certain foreign university,Write a letter to ask about the situation there as regards accommodation and fees,possible scholarsips,and what qualifications one needs for acceptance.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a Chinese student who wish to apply for admission into your prestigious university,My plan is to start my course next term,and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.
First,what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a bachelor’s degree from Beijing University,but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements,Second,how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-supporting,I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students,Third,what is the situation as regards accommodation?
I look forward to your reply,and to attending your esteemed institution,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（124）
2、
Directions,As part of a student social survey project,you are leading a group to visit an exhibition in a small town,Write a letter asking for information regarding such things as the contents of the exhibition,and the dates of its opening and closing,and if there are any discounts available.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town,I am writing the letter in purpose of inquiring/seeking/obtaining/requesting information concerning/regarding the following aspects.
First of all,what is the size of the exhibition,what is its theme and what objects are on display? Secondly,what are the dates between which the exhibition will be held,and what are the daily opening hours?
I must point out that I hope to bring over students to the exhibition,So I would like to inquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets for students,I look forward to your reply,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（108）
3、
Directions,You have just spent a weekend staying at the St,Regis Hotel in Beijing,When you get home you find that you have left a bag at the hotel,Write to the manager of the hotel and enquire whether the bag has been found,Give any relevant information about the bag and its contents,Ask the manager to contact you immediately if the bag is found and tell him/her how the bag can be sent to you.
Dear Mr./Ms,Manager,
I stayed in Room 608 in your hotel on August 10,2005,Could you please check your Lost and Found Department and see if my bag is there?
The bag is a small black,leather document case,Inside it,you will find several business cards and a photo of Miss Lin Daiyu,These things are not very valuable in money terms,but they have a lot of personal value.
I would appreciate it if you could contact me as soon as possible,If you could send the bag to me by EMS,I would be most grateful,Thank you for your help,
Yours sincerely
Li Ming（111）
4、
Re,Ordering NETEM Books
Dear Sir or Madam,
As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM),please give me particular accounts as regards names,authors,publishing houses and prices of these books.
I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service,If you have these books for sale,I would like to mail order them,Please let me know if I could pay for them by money or do you accept credit card.
I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS by September 1,2006 to the following address:
Li Ming
Room 433,Student Dormitory NO,12
Beijing University
Beijing,100871 (110)
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
5、
Directions,You live in a room in college which you share with another student,You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting,He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you,
Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term,You would prefer a single room,Explain your reasons.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation,I would prefer to move into a single room next semester,as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.
I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior,For one thing,his friends are constantly visiting him; for another,he regularly holds noisy parties,
To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut,I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned,I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own,Therefore,I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me,preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（128）
6、
Directions,You want to apply for the following post/position,Waiter/waitress required for evening work,Write a letter to Mr,Byron describing your previous experience,and explaining why you would be suitable for the job.
Dear Mr,Byron,
I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress,Enclosed with this letter is my resume,which further details my previous work experience and qualifications.
Not only do my qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate for the job,my personality is well suited to working as a waitress,I am a very friendly person who can quickly establish rapport with people of all ages.
I would like to meet with you at your earliest convenience,to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant,Thank you for your consideration of my application,I look forward to meeting you in the near future,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（111）
7、
Directions,Two months ago,you got a job as an editor for the magazine Fashion & Design,But now you find that the work is not what you expected,You decide to quit,Write a letter to your boss Mr,Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.
Dear Mr,Wang,
I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position,
The primary reasons are as follows,First,after two months,I do feel that it is not easy for me to get used to the extra work and night shift,Second,the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised,and I have a large family to support,Last,what I have learned in the university cannot meet the requirement of being an editor.
I feel terribly sorry for the inconvenience I have caused,I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（101）
8、
Directions,One of your friends wants to apply for a job involving working with foreign teenagers,Write a letter of recommendation for him/her.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to you to recommend one of my best friends,Zhou Botong,for this post,With his outstanding leadership and cheerful personality,he was elected chairperson of the Student Union of Fudan University several times.
Busy as he was,he completed his major,teenage psychology,with an outstanding school record,Upon graduation he was assigned to be a teacher in Fudan Middle School,What is more,he loves his job and enjoys working with children,This has won him great popularity among his students.
Therefore,I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised,I am sure you will make a wise decision in hiring him,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（114）
9、
Directions,You are writing your first letter to a pen pal,Describe your previous studies and work experience,your current activities,hobbies and interests,Tell your pen pal that you will be visiting his/her country during the summer vacation and suggest meeting him/her.
Dear Audrey,
Hi! My name is Li Ming,I am very glad to have this chance to write to you and become pen pals.
Let me first introduce myself,I’m currently working as a computer programmer in a large multi-national company,I graduated from Tsinghua University with a Bachelor’s Degree in computer science in 2005,My hobbies include listening to pop music and traveling.
This summer,I will be traveling with Mr,Yang Guo to Norway,If you are free,I would be very happy to meet you in person,Well,let me finish here,I am already eagerly awaiting your reply,I hope that we can become good friends,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（109）
10、
Directions,After being involved in an accident,you were looked after by another person,Write a special letter to express your thanks.
Dear Xiaoqiang,
I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude,I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day,when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.
If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid,I fear that the consequences might have been much serious,Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.
Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish,we see very few people practice what they preach,If there were more people like you,this world would be a much nicer place,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（107）
11、
Directions,You have a friend who is about to enter university,and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in——history,in which he is very interested,or computer science,which offers better job prospects.
Dear Wangcai,
You have asked me for my advice concerning/regarding whether you should study history or computer science at university,and I will try to make some useful/practical/conducive suggestions/proposals/recommendations.
You must keep in mind that,above all,your university training is a preparation for your future career,There is no doubt that the field of computer science offers far wider job opportunities than history,Besides,for the foreseeable future,not only will it be necessary for everyone to be computer-literate,it will also be necessary to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living.
Of course,I would recommend that you keep up your reading of history in your spare time.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（111）
12、
Directions:
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area,write a letter to the department concerned,asking them to help find a candidate,You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan,Write your letter in no less than 100 words,Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2,
Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter,use "Li Ming" instead,Don't write the address,(10 points)
To whom it may concern,
As a student who can support myself,I am writing to request if you can help me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope,
I wonder whether it is convenient for you if two things regarding the child are taken into account,First,the child should come from Sichuan Province because I intend to help a child from my hometown,Second,it will be better if he or she is a primary school student who was forced to drop school because of abject poverty.
I would like to help the recipient of my assistance annually until he graduates from college,Firstly,the money will cover his tuition fee and other expenses at school,Besides,I will correspond with him frequently so that he can seek advice whenever he needs,Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated,(139)　
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
13、
Directions,One of your pen pals will shortly be visiting your city,For some reason,you cannot manage to meet him at the airport on time,Write a letter asking him to wait for you at the airport,and tell him how to identify you.
Dear Earnest,
I am very much looking forward to your visit to my city,Just think,after all these years of writing to each other,we will finally have the chance to meet! However,I regret to inform you that I will not be able to meet you at the airport as soon as you arrive.
The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning,and the quickest I can get to the airport will be about an hour after your land,Please wait for me in the arrival lounge.
By the way,as we have never met I must tell you how to recognize me,I am of medium height and have a small mustache,Looking forward to our first meeting,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming（123）
14、
Directions,You want to invite some friends to a party,Write an invitation letter to them individually,elaborating on the reason why such a party should be held,and what activities will be arranged for them.
Dear Xiaobao,
I will hold a dinner party at my house on April 1,2006 to celebrate Mr,Old Fish’s marriage with Miss Fujiwora,As you are a close friend of us,we would very much like you to participate in the celebration and share our joy.
The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening,with the showing of their wedding ceremony,This will be followed by a dinner party,At around ten,we will hold a small musical soiree,at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.
If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1,we look forward to the pleasure of your company,
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming (113)
15、
Directions,Your friend has been elected the president of an association,Write a letter to him/her to express your congratulations.
Dear Mr,Michael,
I was very happy to learn that you have been elected President of the Scotland-China Association and I would like,on behalf of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and in own name,to express to you warmest congratulations.
I hope that during your tenure of office the relations of friendship and cooperation that already exist between our two organizations will be further developed,Let us join our efforts to make greater contributions to the promotion of mutual understanding and friendship between the people’s of China and Scotland,(91 words)
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
16、
Directions,Your fiend’s father died a few days ago,Write a letter of consolation to him/her.
Dear Mr,John,
I am exceedingly sorry to hear that your father passed away,The painful news reached us this morning,and we were so shocked that we could not at first realize the fact.
This sad news has put me in full sympathy with you,Your father was an honorable man and tender parent,Everybody who has known him must feel a great loss caused by his death,I quite understand how you feel now,but you are in duty bound to look to your own health and to take care of your family affairs,These would be impossible if you indulge your feeling in grief.
Please accept the deep and true sympathy which is all I can offer.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
17、
Dear Sir or Madam,
We have recently received a rather large order for personal computers from a company in your city whose name and address are as follows,China Machinery Import and Export Co.,1,Zhongguancundajie Street,Haidian District,Beijing,They asked us to open a credit account.
As it is entirely a new customer to us,we shall highly appreciate you if you will give us any information regarding its financial standing and business capacity.
It is hardly necessary for us to assure you that whatever information you give us will be treated as strictly confidential,We assure you of our readiness to reciprocate at any time.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
18、
Dear Sir or Madam,
Subject,A Claim on 300 Sets of Personal Computers
We have received the 300 sets of Personal Computers ordered by us,But we are so disappointed to find all the cases,without a single exception,have been badly damaged.
The Beijing Commodity Inspection Bureau presented the inspection report that the said cases of computers had been violently shocked and crashed before they were unloaded here.
Now that we totally do not need the consignment,we have no choice but to inform you to return us the invoice value and the inspection charges in the total amount of 320,000 US Dollars,As soon as the claim is settled,we will return the said consignment to you immediately.
Enclosed please find the survey report No (05) 108 issued by the Beijing Commodity Inspection Bureau,We look forward to hearing from your prompt answer.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
19、
Directions,You are the president of a company,Write a memo to Percy Shelley,the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer,telling him the need to train the employees,detailed information,and ask him to write a plan.
Date：January 14,2006
To：Percy Shelley,Vice President
From：Li Ming,President
Subject：Computer Training of the Staff
As we discussed earlier this week,I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff,We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.
I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program,We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.
Write up a brief proposal,describing what you think the program should cover,Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks,Also,assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science,（128）
20、
1)
A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions,We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion,but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation and harden our hearts,We are incredibly heedless in the information of our beliefs,but find ourselves filled with an illicit passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship,It is obvious not the ideas themselves that are dear to us,but our self－esteem,which is threatened,We are by nature stubbornly pledged to defend our own from attack,whether it be our person,our family,our property,or our opinion,We may surrender,but rarely confess ourselves vanquished,In the intellectual world at least,peace is without victory.
Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions; indeed,we have a natural repugnance to so doing,We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true,and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us to seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them,The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do.
2)
A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong,We may have been heedless in their information,but our self-esteem will not permit us to change,We may have to give up,but we are not convinced,We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe,and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do,（75 words）
21、
Write an abstract of a dissertation and explain:
Background,problems that need to be solved and rationale for the present study,
Objectives and scope of this study,
Outline of the main contents and results and conclusions.
With the development of theory by research on psycholinguistics,more attention has been paid to the characteristics of the learner,The major purpose of the study is to find out whether is any relationship between language learning and strategy use.
The subjects in this study are 24 university students on the course in Electronic Engineering,Data collection in this study was conducted mainly through a questionnaire survey.
After data analysis,it is found that these learners are strongly motivated by communicative purposes,It is concluded that according to the study that the strategies which can be employed to most efficiently achieve the learners’ special goal are most likely to be their most favorable ones,（114 words）
22、
Jules Verne (1828-1905),the author of Around the World in Eighty Days,was born in Nantes,France,He devoted himself to literature and wrote several scientific romances,which gained him the name——Father of Modern Science Fiction.
This is a book of science fiction which tells us an exciting story about an English gentleman,Mr,Phileas Fogg,who makes a bet with his clubmates and manages to travel around the world in eighty days,It gives us a vivid description of the many difficulties and incidents which happen on his journey.
From this story,we can see the author’s deep love for the sea,travel and adventure,which played a vital role in his life,We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge,（130 words）
23、
Directions,The Students’ Union of your department is planning an English Speaking Contest,Write an announcement which covers the following information:
1) the purpose of the contest,
2) time and place of the contest,
3) what is required of the candidates,
4) details of the judges and awards.
You should write about 100 words,Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use Department of English at the end of the announcement.
English-Speaking Contest
To improve students’ ability to speak English and enrich after-class activities,the Students’ Union of Department of English is organizing a school-wide English-speaking contest to be held on Tuesday next week (14 January) at the Students’ Recreational Center,Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Friday this week,Five overseas teachers will be invited to be judges,The first six winners will be given awards,Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest,(96 words)
The Students’ Union
Department of English
24、
Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders
The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Beijing New Oriental Group will be held at the St,Regis Hotel,1 Jiangguomenwai Street,in Beijing,on Monday,February 13,2007,at 10:00 am,for the following purposes:
1）To elect a full board of 8 directors of the Group;
2）To consider and act upon the appointment of independent auditors for 2006;
3）To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting.
An oral report on the affairs of the Group will be presented at the meeting,and an audited report of the Group’s financial affairs will be available for inspection by any qualified shareholders.
By order of the Board of Directors
25、
Notice
February 3,2007
Commuters are requested to note that the Zhongguancun Street will be under repair from February 10 to March 10,2007,Bus No,320,332 and 717 will change routes accordingly during that time,Detailed changes are made public in Beijing Daily,Please note that Bus No,320 will go via Haidian Street instead of Zhongguancun Street,Bus No 332 and 717 will temporarily cancel the two stops at the Zhongguancun Street,We express our regret for the inconveniences brought about by these changes.
Beijing Municipal Bureau of Public Transportation
26、
Directions,Your journal is planning to publish an issue,Write a contributions wanted which covers the following information:
1) the purpose of the issue,
2) time and methods of delivery,
3) other details.
You should write about 100 words,Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,
Contributions Wanted
January 14,2006
To celebrate the 12th anniversary of the Beijing New Oriental Education and Technology Group,this journal has decided to publish a special issue on our great achievements in the teaching and research activities in the past 12 years,Articles,photos,memoirs and other writings related to this topic are invited,Faculty members and students are welcome to send in their contributions in whatever forms or styles to our office before the 30th instant,They may also send their writings and photos electronically to the following address,xdfyy@staff.neworiental.org (99 words)
The Editorial Office
New Oriental English Journal
27、
Teachers Wanted
Beijing New Oriental School is looking for 10 teachers,Applicants should have a strong professional spirit and a good command of English.
Location,Beijing
Education,University graduate
Requirements,Candidate must have outstanding skills at English teaching and the ability to speak Chinese and English fluently,The candidates must have Chinese nationality and be aged under 35.
Those with relevant professional experience are preferred.
Contact,Candidates should send their resume,cover letter,record of formal schooling and a copy of their transcripts,along with two 2-inch photo to:
Beijing New Oriental School
B-5F Zhongguancun Finance Center,6 Haidianzhong Street,Haidian District
Beijing 100080,China (Please mark,Application)
Email,bj-hr@staff.neworiental.org
28、
Invitation for Bids
Date,February 3,2007 Load No,C01-P100
Sand Storm Environmental Improvement Project
China International Tendering Co,(hereinafter called CITIC) is authorized to invite sealed bids from eligible bidders for the construction of the project,A complete set of bidding documents may be purchased by interested bidders upon non-refundable payment of RMB 8,000 for each package at Room 608 on the 6th floor,Zhongguancun Finance Center,Beijing,between 9:00 am and 5 pm from February 3 to March 3,2007 (except public holidays).
Neither CITIC nor the Employer will be responsible for any costs or expenses incurred by bidders in connection with the preparation or delivery of bids.
China International Tendering Co
Address,Room 108 on the 6th floor,Zhongguancun Finance Center,Beijing
Tel,010-62608888
Fax:010-62606666
参考译文
尊敬的先生或女士：
我是一名中国学生，希望向您这所著名大学申请入学。我计划下学期开始我的课程，如果您能好心提供一些基本信息，我将非常感谢。
首先，我在您的大学听课需要什么条件？我已经从北京大学获得学士学位，但我想知道是否有进一步的学术要求。其次，学费是多少？尽管我打算自费，但我想了解一下是否国外学生可以获得奖学金。最后，住宿情况怎么样？
我期待着您的答复，并且希望进入您这所著名大学。
您真诚的，
李明
2、
尊敬的先生或女士：
我要组织一些学生去您的小镇上参观一个历史展览。我写这封信目的是为了询问关于下述方面的一些信息。
首先，这个展览规模怎么样，主题是什么，陈列了哪些物品？其次，这个展览举行的日期是什么，每天开馆时间是几点？
我需要指出的是我想带着很多学生去参观展览。所以我想询问一下是否关于学生的门票可以获得一些折扣。期待着您的回信。
您真诚的，
李明
3、
尊敬的经理先生或女士：
2005年8月10日我在贵饭店608房间住过。您是否可以检查一下失物招领处，看一下我的包是否还在？
这个包是一个小的黑皮文件夹。在里面，您可以看到几张名片和一张林黛玉小姐的照片。这些东西不值什么钱，但很有个人价值。
如果您能尽快和我联系，我将非常感谢。如果您能用特快邮件专递把包寄给我，那就太感谢了。多谢您的帮助。
您真诚的，
李明
4、
内容提要：订购考研英语书籍尊敬的先生或女士：
由于我计划参加全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试，请告诉我关于这些书的书名、作者、出版社、价格等的详细信息。
我也想了解付款方式和售后服务。如果您出售这些书，我希望邮购订货。请告诉我是否可以现金付款或使用信用卡。
我还想知道是否您方便在2006年9月1日之前把这些书通过邮政特快专递寄到下述地址：北京市北京大学学生宿舍12号楼433室 李明收，邮编：100871。
您真诚的，
李明
5、
尊敬的先生或女士：
我写信是为了表达关于住宿的不满。由于我发现目前的分居状况很不方便，我想下学期搬到一个单间。
我需要解释的是，我不满的原因是我室友不体谅的行为。首先，他的朋友经常来访。其次，他经常举办一些吵闹的聚会。
为了解决这个问题，我希望引起有关当局的注意。我确信您也会同意，唯一的解决措施是搬到一个我自己的房间。因此，如果您可以给我找一个最好不在同楼但离校园越近越好的单间，我将非常感谢。
您真诚的，
李明
6、
尊敬的拜伦先生：
我写信是为了表达我对于您最近广告招聘的女服务员职位的兴趣。随信附上我的简历，它进一步详述了我以前的工作经历和资历。
不但我的资历和工作经历使我成为这个工作的一个完美人选，我的性格也非常适合做一位女服务员。我是一个友好的人，可以迅速和各年龄段的人建立良好关系。
我想尽快见到您，讨论一下在您饭店工作的可能性。感谢您考虑我的申请。期待着在不远的将来见到您。
您真诚的，
李明
7、
尊敬的王先生：
我写信是为了告诉您我从目前职位上辞职的决定。
主要原因如下。首先，两个月后，我确实感到很难适应加班和夜班。其次，工资比您原来承诺的低很多，而我有一个大家庭要供养。最后，我在大学中所学无法适应做一位编辑的要求。
对于我所造成的任何不便深表道歉。我真诚希望您能同意我的辞呈。
您真诚的，
李明
8、
尊敬的先生或女士：
我写信是为了推荐我最好的一个朋友周伯通申请这个职位。由于他拥有杰出的领导能力和令人愉快的个性，他多次当选为复旦大学学生会主席。
尽管他很忙，但他完成了自己的专业——青少年心理学，并拥有杰出的学校成绩。毕业之后，他被分配到复旦中学做一名教师。此外，他热爱自己的职业并喜欢和孩子们工作。这使他在学生中很受欢迎。
因此，我毫不犹豫推荐他作为您招聘职位的一名理想候选人。我确信您将做出雇用他的明智选择。
您真诚的，
李明
9、
亲爱的奥黛丽：
你好！我叫李明。很高兴有这个机会写信给你成为笔友。
首先做一个自我介绍。我现在在一家大的跨国公司做计算机程序员2005年我毕业于清华大学，获得计算机科学的学士学位。我喜欢听流行音乐和旅游。
今年夏天，我将和郭靖先生一起去挪威。如果你有时间，我非常高兴当面见你。好吧，就此止笔。期待着你的回信。希望我们成为好朋友。
您真诚的，
李明
10、
亲爱的小强：
我写信是为了表达我衷心的感谢。我指的是那天我被一辆出租车从自行车上撞下来的不幸事件。
如果没有您给予我的第一手的及时帮助的话，恐怕后果会更严重。大家都认为正是您在那个紧急事件中的快速反应才导致了满意的后果。
尽管现在越来越多的人谈论到大公无私的必要性，但是我们看到很少有人言行一致。如果有更多人象您的话，世界会更加美好。
您真诚的，
李明
11、
亲爱的旺财：
你问我关于是否该学历史还是计算机的看法，我将尽力给你一些有用的建议。
首先，你必须牢记的是，你的大学训练是为将来职业的一种准备。毫无疑问，计算机领域将比历史提供更广泛的工作机会。此外，就可以预见的将来，不但每个人都有必要计算机扫盲，仅仅为了谋生也需要具备计算机技能。
当然，我建议你在业余时间可以继续读历史。
您真诚的，
李明
12、
致有关人士：
作为一名可以自力更生的学生，我写信请求您帮我找一位希望工程的受助人。
如果考虑到这个孩子的两个方面，我想知道对您是否方便。首先，由于我打算帮助一名来自我家乡的孩子，所以这个孩子应该来自四川省。其次，他最好是一名由于非常贫困而退学的小学生。
我计划每年资助我的受助人，直到他大学毕业。这笔钱将包括他在校的学费和其他费用。此外，我将经常和他联系以便他在需要时可以寻求建议。非常感谢您对于我询问的迅速关注。
您真诚的，
李明
13、
亲爱的欧内斯特：
我非常期待着你来到我们市。想象一下：在这么多年互相通信之后，我们终于有机会见面了！然而，我遗憾的告诉你：我无法在你到达时，如期在机场见你了。
原因是你的航班一大早到，而我能到机场的最早时间是大约你抵达一小时后。请在到达厅等我。
顺便说一句，由于我们从未见面，我需要告诉你如何认我。我是中等身材，有一撇小胡子。期待着我们的初次见面。
您真诚的，
李明
14、
亲爱的小宝：
2006年4月1日，我将在我家里举办一个晚会来庆祝于先生和藤小姐的婚礼。由于你是我们的好友，我们非常希望你能够参与庆典并分享快乐。
活动将在晚上7点开始，首先是婚礼的录像，接着是晚会。大约10点的时候，我们将举办一个小型的音乐会，一支乐队将演奏一些巴赫和施特劳斯的曲目。
如果你4月1日没有预约的话，我们期待着您的光临。
您真诚的，
李明
15、
尊敬的迈克尔先生：
我非常高兴的得知您当选为苏格兰－中国协会主席。在此，谨代表中国人民对外友好协会并以我个人的名义，向您表达最衷心的祝贺！
我希望在您任职期间，在我们两个机构之间业已存在的友谊与合作关系将会得到进一步的发展。让我们齐心协力为了推进中国和苏格兰两国人民之间的相互理解和友谊，做出更大的贡献。
您真诚的，
李明
16、
亲爱的约翰：
我得知令尊去世的消息，万分难过。今晨惊悉，不胜惊骇。我们简直不敢相信这是真的。
请接受我最深切的吊慰。令尊是一位受人尊敬的人士和慈祥可亲的父亲。每个了解他的人都因他的去世而惋惜。我知道您现在的心境，但您必须善自珍重，妥善料理家事，望勿过于悲伤。
请接受我最深切和至诚的悼意。
您真诚的，
李明
17、
敬启者：
我们最近接到贵市一家公司的订单，订购大批个人电脑，该公司的名称和地址如下：中国机械进出口公司；北京市海淀区中关村大街1号。他们要求开设信用户头。
因该公司是新客户，我们不了解其经济状况和业务能力，如蒙贵行提供上述资料，将不胜感激。
贵方提供的任何资料，我们都将严格保密。我们保证随时回报贵行的好意。
李明 敬上
18、
敬启者：
事由：关于300台个人电脑的索赔
我方订购的300台个人电脑已经收到。但令人遗憾的是，所有箱子，一个也不例外，都严重受损。
根据北京市商检局的全面检查，所述的300台个人电脑在此地卸货之前就已被严重震动损坏。
由于这批货物对我们已毫无用处，我们不得不向你方提出索赔，赔偿我们发票值加检验费共计32万美元。一旦索赔解决，我们立即将所说货物退还你方。
随函附上由北京市商检局签发的（05）108号检验报告。期待着很快收到解决问题的回复。
李明 敬上
19、
日期：2006年1月14日致：波西·雪莱，副总裁自：李明，总裁主题：员工计算机培训
正如我们本周初期讨论的那样，我同意你的看法：我们公司正面临员工高比率电脑盲的问题。我们需要制定一个计划在这个新的领域培训员工。
我想让你制定我们自己的内部计算机培训计划。我们最好把员工分类，让他们轮流参加这个项目。
写一个简要的计划，涵盖你认为这个项目需要包括的内容。假定培训为十周，每周四小时。同时假定员工在计算机方面没有任何预先的知识或正式课程。
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随着心理语言学研究理论的发展，人们更加重视学习者的性格特点。这项研究的主要目的是发现是否在语言学习和所用方法方面存在任何联系。
这个研究的对象是电机工程课的24名学生。我们主要通过问卷调查的形式完成了数据收集工作。
在数据分析之后，我们发现交流的目的极大的驱动了这些学习者。据此得出结论：根据研究，被学习者用来最有效实现他们特殊目标的方法，最有可能是他们最喜欢的方法。
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儒勒·凡尔纳（1828－1905），《八十天环游地球》的作者，出生于法国南特。他致力于文学事业，并写了很多科幻小说，使他赢得“现代科幻小说之父”的美名。
这是一本科幻小说，讲述了一位英国绅士的一个激动人心的故事。菲利·弗格先生跟他的俱乐部伙伴打了个赌，并设法在八十天之内环游了地球。书中生动描述了他的旅途中发生的许多困难和故事。
从这本书中，我们可以看出作者对于海洋、旅行和冒险的热爱。这些在作者一生中影响深远。作者丰富的想象力和科学地理知识也使我们惊讶并折服。
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英语演讲比赛为提高同学们英语演讲的能力并丰富课外活动，英语系学生会将于下周二（1月14日）在学生活动中心组织全校英语演讲比赛。有兴趣参加的同学请于本周五之前在本班班长处报名。我们将邀请五位外教担任评委，将给前六名获奖者者颁奖。欢迎大家积极参加。
英语系学生会
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