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考研英语补充资料（白皮书）
目 录
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试统一英 语试题……………………… 1
2006年考研英语新增题型大纲样题…… ……………………………… 12
2006年考研英语新增题型模拟题型一,搭配题……………………… 18
2006年考研英语新增题型模拟题型一,搭配题……………………… 18
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试统一英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions,
Read the following text,Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET
l.(10 points)
The human nose is an underrated tool Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,(1)
________ this is largely because,(2) ________ animals,we stand upright,this means that our noses are (3) ________ to
perceiving those smells which float through the air,(4) ________ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces In fact,(5)
________,we are extremely sensitive to smells,(6) ________ we do not generally realize it,Our noses are capable of (7)
________ human smells even when these are (8) ________ to far below one part in one million,
Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,(9) others are sensitive to the smells of
both flowers,This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (10) ________ smell receptors
in the nose,These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11) ________ to the brain,However,it has been
found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (12)________can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13) to it often
enough,
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (14) ________ to keep
all smell receptors working all the time but can (15) ________ new receptors if necessary,This
may(16) ________ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells — we simply do not need to be,We are not
(17)________of the usual smell of our own house,but we (18) ________ new smells when we visit someone else's,The
brain finds it best to keep smell receptors(19) ________ for unfamiliar and emergency signals(20) ________ the smell of
smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire,
1,[A] although [B]as [C]but [D] while
2,[A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides
3,[A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined
4,[A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking
5,[A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore
6,[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if
7,[A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting
8,[A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused
9,[A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas
10,[A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical
11,[A] signs [B] stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses
12,[A] at first [B]at all [C]at large [D] at times
13,[A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed
14,[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient
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15,[A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create
16,[A] still [B]also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless
17,[A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired
18,[A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice
19,[A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable
20,[A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions,
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D,Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET l.(40 points)
Text 1
Everybody loves a fat pay rise,Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger
one,Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged,Such behaviour is regarded as 'all too human',
with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance,,But a
study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in
Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well,
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys,They look cute,They are good-natured,
co-operative creatures,and they share their food readily,Above all,like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay
much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males,
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr,Brosnan's and Dr,de Waal's study,The researchers spent two
years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food,Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces
of rock for slices of cucumber,However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each
could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different,
In the world of capuchins,grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers),So when one monkey was
handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber,And if
one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the
researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber,Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the
other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin,
The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions,In the wild,they are a
co-operative,group-living species,Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being
cheated,Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone,Refusing a lesser reward
completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group,However,whether such a sense of
fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species
had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question,
21,In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by
[A] posing a contrast,
[B] justifying an assumption,
[C] making a comparison,
[D] explaining a phenomenon,
22,The statement "it is all too monkey" (Last line,Paragraph 1) implies that
[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals,
[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature,
[C] monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other,
[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions,
23,Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A] more inclined to weigh what they get,
[B] attentive,to researchers' instructions,
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[C] nice in both appearance and temperament,
[D] more generous than their male companions,
24,Dr,Brosnan and Dr,de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers,
[B] can be taught to exchange things,
[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated,
[D] are unhappy when separated from others,
25,What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions
[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source,
[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do,
[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild,
Text 2
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we
didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to
destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over
three decades,some 10 million smokers went to early graves,?
There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of
global warming,The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that
Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made,The clear message is that we should
get moving to protect ourselves,The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface
to the panel's report,"Science never has all the answer,But science does provide us with the best available guide to the
future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide
concerning the future consequences of present actions."
Just as on smoking,voice now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,
that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure,This is a dangerous game,by the time 100 percent
people of the evidence is in,it may be too late,With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an
insurance policy now,
Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention,But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still
don't take global warming seriously,Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research — a classic case of
"paralysis by analysis."
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we-must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research,But
research alone is inadequate,If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin
fashioning conservation measures,A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer
financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start,Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new
power plants to meet our energy needs,If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be
environmentally sound,
26,An argument made by supporters of smoking was that,
[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death,
[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant
[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense
27,According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as
[A] a protector,
[B] a judge
[C] a critic
[D] a guide
28,What does the author mean by "paralysis by analysis"(Last line,Paragraph4)?
[A] Endless studies kill action,
[B] Careful investigation reveals truth
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[C] Prudent planning hinders progress
[D] Extensive research helps decision-making
29,According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warming?
[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants
[B] Raise public awareness of conservation
[C] Press for further scientific research
[D] Take some legislative measures
30,The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence,
[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former,
[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former,
[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse,
Text 3
Of all the components of a good night's sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control,In dreams,a window opens
into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that
dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears,by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to
thinking of them as just "mental noise"-----the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep,Now
researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is "off-line",
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought
under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better,"It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology
at Chicago's Medical Center,"If you don't like it,change it"
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view,The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep —
when most vivid dreams occur — as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh,But not
all parts of the brain are equally involved,the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active,while the
prefronted cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet,"We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,
and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr,William Dement,
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic Most people seem to have
more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working
through negative feelings generated during the day,Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't
always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-----until,it appears,we begin to dream,
And this process need not be left to the unconscious,Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over
recurring bad dreams,As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream,Visualize how you would like it
to end instead; the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course,With much practice people can learn
to,literally,do it in their sleep,
At the end of the day,there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping
or "we wake up in a panic," Cartwright says,Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have
increased people's anxiety,Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist,For the rest of us,
the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling,Sleep ---- or rather dream---on it and you'll feel better in the
morning,
31,Researchers have come to believe that dreams
[A] can be modified in their courses
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears
[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs
32,By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show
[A] it's function in our dreams
[B] the mechanism of REM sleep
[C] the relation of dreams to emotions
[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex
33,The Negative feelings generated during the day tend to
[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind
[B] develop into happy dreams
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[C] persist till the time we fall asleep
[D] show up in dreams early at night
34,Cartwright seems to suggest that
[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression
[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
35,What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
[A] Lead your life as usual
[B] Seek professional help
[C] Exercise conscious control
[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime
text 4
Americans no longer expect public figures,whether in speech or in writing,to command the English language with skill
and gift,Nor do they aspire to such command themselves,In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing,The Degradation of
language and Music and why We should,Like,Care John Mcwhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and
conservative views,see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English,
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education,Mr
Mcwhorter's academic speciality is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom",for
example,to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss the case-endings of Old English,
But the cult of the authentic and the personal,"doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech,writing,
poetry and music,While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960's
even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page,Equally,in poetry,the
highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness,In both oral and written English,
talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft,
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture,the trend?that Mr,Mcwhorter
documents is unmistakable,But it is less clear,to take the question of his subtitle,why we should,like,care,As a linguist,
he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including non-standard ones like Black English,can be powerfully
expressive ------there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas,He is not arguing,as
many do,that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper,
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads,while Italian
politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers,Mr,Mcwhorter
acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical educational reforms ---- he is really
grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful,We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china"
A shame,perhaps,but probably an inevitable one,
36,According to Mcwhorter,the decline of formal English
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms
[B] is but all too natural in language development
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s
37,The word "talking"(Line 6,Paragraph3)denotes
[A] modesty
[B] personality
[C] liveliness
[D] informality
38,To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk,
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English,
[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining,
[D] Of all the varieties,standard English can best convey complex ideas,
39,The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's
[A] interest in their language,
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[B] appreciation of their efforts,
[C] admiration for their memory,
[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness,
40,According to the last paragraph,"paper plates" is to "china" as
[A] "temporary" is to "permanent."
[B] "radical" is to "conservative"
[C] "functional" is to "artistic"
[D] "humble" is to "noble"
Part B
Directions,
In the following text,some sentences have been removed,For questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list
A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank,There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps,Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET1 (10 points)
Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa
at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,together,to reduce health-care costs,
They're all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing components of which are pharmaceutical costs,
41,
What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care — to say nothing of reports from
other experts — recommended the creation of a national drug agency,Instead of each province having its own list of
approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,and
create a national institution,
42,
But "national" doesn't have to mean that "National" could mean interprovincial — provinces combining efforts to create
one body,
Either way,one benefit of a "national" organization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible,with drug
manufacturers,Instead of having one province — or a series of hospitals within a province — negotiate a price for a given
drug on the provincial list,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces,
Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of seven million people,the national agency would negotiate on behalf
of 31 million people,Basic economics suggests the greater the potential
consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price,
43,
A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating office
for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces,Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends
to provincial lists which new drugs should be included Predictably,and regrettably,Quebec refused to join,
A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making,They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want
Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any strings attached,That's one reason why the idea of a national list
hasn't gone anywhere,while drug costs keep rising fast,
44,
Premiers love to quote Mr,Romanow's report selectively,especially the parts about more federal money,Perhaps they
should read what he had to say about drugs,"A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on
pharmaceutical companies in order to try to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs."
45,
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,they should also get cracking about
something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients,
A,Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology,One of the first advocates for a national list was a
researcher at Laval University,Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from
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14.3percent to 26.8per cent!
B,Or they could read Mr.Kirby's report,"The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public
prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies."
C,What does "notional" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much
like the recently created National Health Council,
D,The problem is simple and stark health-care costs have been,are,and will continue to increase faster than government
revenues,
E,According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug costs have risen,since 1997 at twice the
rate of overall health-care spending,Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments,
Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds,Part of it is higher prices,
F,So,if the provinces want to run the health-care show,they should prove they can run it,starting with an interprovincial
health list that would end duplication,save a dministrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against
another,and bargain for better drug prices,
G,Of course,the pharmaceutical companies will scream,They like divided buyers,they can lobby better that way,They
can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another,They can hope that,if one province includes a drug on its
list,the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs,They wouldn't like a national agency,but self-interest would lead
them to deal with it,
Part C
Directions,
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese,Your translation should be
written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2,(10 points)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities,However,
only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities,46) Traditionally,legal
learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the
intellectual equipment of an educated person,Happily,the older and more continental view of legal education is
establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law,
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education,its aims and methods should
appeal directly to journalism educators,Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment,On the one hand,it
provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice,democracy and freedom.47) On the other,it links these concepts to
everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on
the news,For example,notions of evidence and fact,of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of
journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law,Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a
desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career,
48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an
understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media,Politics or,more broadly,the
functioning of the state,is a major subject for journalists,The better informed they are about the way the state works,the
better their reporting will be,49) In fact,it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic
features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories,
Furthermore,the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists,While the quality
of legal journalism varies greatly,there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them
by lawyers,50) while comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journalists to rely on
their own notions of significance and make their own judgment,These can only come from a well-grounded understanding
of the legal system,
英语试题置换页
请考生注意,(1) 必须将本也粘贴在原英语试题的第 13页上； (2) 必须按本页的试题答题，否则该部分成绩无效
Part C
Directions,
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese,Your translation should be
written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2 (10 Points)
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It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history,
History and news become confused,and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.(46) Television
is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -and perhaps never before has it served so much to
connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe,The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything
other than its peoples,their cultures and national identities,With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European
television scene,(47) In Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups,which bring
together television,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another,One Italian
example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind,
Clearly,only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and
hotly-contested market,(48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact
underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks,no less than 50% took a loss in 1989,
Moreover,the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in
terms of both production and distribution,
(49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the
connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice-that of producing programs in
Europe for Europe,This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market,whose programs relate to
experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own,
In order to achieve these objectives,we must concentrate more on co-productions,the exchange of news,documentary
services and training,This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank
for Television Production which,on the model of the European Investments Bank,will handle the finances necessary for
production costs,(50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand divided we
fall"-and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the
varied peculiarities of each country,
Section III Writing Part A
Part A
51,Directions,
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions,But now you find that the work is not
what you expected,You decide to quit,Write a letter to your boss,Mr,Wang,telling him your decision,stating your
reason(s),and making an apology,
Write your letter with no less than 100 words,Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2,Do not sign your own name at the
end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead,You do not need to write the address,(10 points)
Part B
52,Directions,
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing,In your essay,you should first describe the drawing,
then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it,
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)
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参考答案
1-20 CBACB ADADB CADCC BCDAB
21-40 CBACB CDADB ACDDA BDABC
41-45 ECGFB
46、在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有想在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用
47、在欧洲就像在其他地方一样多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起
48、仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然，统计表明在 80家欧洲电视网中 1989年出现亏损的不下 50%
49、创造一个将要组成旧大洲联系纤维并且尊重不同文化和传统的统一体不是一项容易的任务，需要策略性的选择
Section III Writing (略 )
2006年考研英语新增题型大纲样题
一、选择搭配题 (大纲样题 )
Directions,
In the following text,some sentences have been removed,For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list
A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks,There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks,Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET 1,(10 points)
Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles,birds,insects,and some mammals,Although some of
these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now,41)
________ Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that,apart from color,we can build up a reasonably
accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago,The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much
about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate,
42) ________,Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these
are of animals that lived in or near water,Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of
which we know nothing,
43) ________ There were also crab-like creatures,whose bodies were covered with a horny substance,The body
segments each had two pairs of legs,one pair for walking on the sandy bottom,the other for swimming,The head was a
kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes,often with thousands of lenses,They were usually an inch or two long but
some were 2 feet,
44) ________,Of these,the ammonites are very interesting and important,They have a shell composed of many
chambers,each representing a temporary home of the animal,As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed
off the previous one,Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast,
45) ________,
About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out,The mammals quickly
developed,and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse,Many of the later
mammals,though now extinct,were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone
carvings,
[A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known,
- 9 -
[B]Nevertheless,we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks
as fossils,From them we can tell their size and shape,how they walked,the kind of food they ate,
[C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes,first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago,About 300
million years ago the amphibians,the animals able to live both on land and in water,appeared,They were giant,sometimes
8 feet long,and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam,or layer,formed,The amphibians gave
rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land,in the sea,and in the air,
[D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures,These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the
world,
[E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea,Later forms are
more complex,and among these are the sea-lilies,relations of the star-fishes,which had long arms and were attached by a
long stalk to the sea bed,or to rocks,
[F]When an animal dies,the body,its bones,or shell,may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea arid there
get covered up by mud,If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud,More and
more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved,
[G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks,Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals,
dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression,or simply reduced to a more stable form,
[答案 ]
41,B 42,F 43,E 44,A 45,C
二、排序题 (大纲样题 )
Directions,
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order for Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs
into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box,The first and the last paragraphs have
been placed for you in Boxes,Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1,(10 points)
[A] "I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job,We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial
rewards at my disposal,In fact,we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future,It's hard for me to make the
job interesting and challenging because it isn't — it's boring,routine paperwork,and there isn't much you can do about it,
[B] "Finally,I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork,First of all,they
know it's not true,If their performance is adequate,most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a
certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act,Second,they were trained to do the job they do out in the
streets,not to fill out forms,All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed,
[C] "I've got a real problem with my officers,They come on the force as young,inexperienced men,and we send them out
on the street,either in cars or on a beat,They seem to like the contact they have with the public,the action involved in crime
prevention,and the apprehension of criminals,They also like helping people out at fires,' accidents,and other emergencies,
[D] "Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion,However,
we know that's not fair — too many other things are involved,Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court,
but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win,We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of
the reports,but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly,No one was getting any type of reward for winning the
competition,and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff."
[E]"The problem occurs when they get back to the station,They hate to do the paperwork,and because they dislike it,the
job is frequently put off or done inadequately,This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court,We need clear,
factual reports,They must be highly detailed and unambiguous,As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or
incorrect,the rest of the report is suspect,Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor,
[F] "So I just don't know What to do,I've been groping in the dark in a number of years,And I hope that this seminar will
shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work."
[G ] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators,managers and/or
executives of various departments throughout the city,At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation —
how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job,The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus
- 10 -
of the discussion,
Order,
[答案 ]
41.C 42.E 43.A 44.B 45.D
三、信息匹配题 (大纲样题 )
Directions,
You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing,followed by a list of examples,Choose the best example from
the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45).There is one extra example which you do not need to use,Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET l.(10 points)
The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview,There are two kinds,One is the
familiar "tombstone" that lists where you went to school and where you've worked in chronological order,The other is
what I call the "functional" resume — descriptive,fun to read,unique to you and much more likely to land you an
interview,
It's handy to have a "tombstone" for certain occasions,But prospective employers throw away most of those
un-requested" tombstone "lists,preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead,
What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read — a resume that makes you come alive and look
interesting to employers,
41.Put yourself first,
In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm,you have to feel important about yourself,
42.Sell what you can do,not who you are,
Practice translating your personality traits,character,accomplishments and achievements into skill areas,There are at
least five thousand skill areas in the world of work,
Toot your own horn!
Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities,Some think they have none at all! But everyone does,and
one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch — if only you show it,
43.Be specific,be concrete,and be brief!
Remember that "brevity is the best policy."
44.Turn bad news into good,
Everybody has had disappointments in work,If you have to mention yours,look for the positive side,
45.Never apologize,
If you've returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent,simply write a short paragraph (summary of
background)in place of a chronology of experience,Don't apologize for working at being a mother; it's the hardest job of all,
If you have no special training or higher education,just don't mention education,
The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself,Take four or five hours off,not necessarily
consecutive,and simply write down every accomplishment in your life,on or off the job,that made you feel effective,
Don't worry at first about what it all means,Study the list and try to spot patterns,As you study your list,you will come
closer to the meaning,identifying your marketable skills,Once you discover patterns,give names to your cluster of
accomplishments(leadership skills,budget management skills,child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three
accomplishments under the same skills heading,Now start writing your resume as if you mattered,It may take four drafts
or more,and several weeks,before you've ready to show it to a stranger(friends are usually too kind)for a reaction,When
you've satisfied,send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies,It shows an employer that you regard
job hunting as serious work,worth doing right,
Isn't that the kind of person you'd want working for your?
[A] A woman who lost her job as a teacher's aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote,"Principal of
- 11 -
elementary school cited me as the only teacher's aide she would rehire if government funds became available."
[B] One resume I received included the following,"Invited by my superior to straighten out our organization's accounts
receivable,Set up orderly repayment schedule,reconciled accounts weekly,and improved cash flow 100 per cent,
Rewarded with raise and promotion." Notice how this woman focuses on results,specifies how she accomplished them,
and mentions her reward — all in 34 words,
[C] For example,if you have a flair for saving,managing and investing money,you have money management skills,
[D] An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement "Ready to learn
though not so well educated",
[E] One of my former colleagues,for example,wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was
more preferred,The result is,of course,the one that highlights skills and education background,
[F] A woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced,She'd agreed to work without pay for three
months until business improved,Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus,I asked why that marvelous story
wasn't in her resume,She answered,"It wasn't important." What she was really saying of course was "I'm not important."
[答案 ]
41.F 42.C 43.B 44.A 45.D
四、概括大意题 (大纲样题 )
Directions,
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic community,Choose the most suitable
heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered,
There is one extra heading which you do not need to use,Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l,(10 points)
[A] What to do as a student?
[B] Various definitions of plagiarism
[C] Ideas should always be sourced
[D] Ignorance can be forgiven
[E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft
[F] The consequences of plagiarism
Scholars,writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of
another person's ideas,In the English-speaking world,the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit
for the source of one's ideas,Simply stated,plagiarism is "the wrongful appropriation or purloining,and publication as
one's own of the ideas,or the expression of ideas of another."
41,
The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation,In many universities,the punishment may range from
failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university,In the literary world,where writers are protected from
plagiarism by international copyright laws,the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career,
Protection of scholars and writers,through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary
communities,is a relatively recent concept,Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous
attention to documentation of their sources,
42,
Students,as inexperienced scholars themselves,must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use
of other scholars' ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words,otherwise dire
consequences may occur,There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students' inexactness in
identifying sources properly,They are plagiarism by accident,by ignorance,and by intention,
43,
Plagiarism by accident,or oversight,sometimes is the result of the writer's inability to decide or remember where the
idea came from,He may have read it long ago,heard it in a lecture since forgotten,or acquired it second-hand or third-hand
from discussions with colleagues,He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge
- 12 -
that no reference to the original source is needed,Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against,it is the least
serious and,if lessons learned,can be exempt from being severely punished,
44,
Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to
acknowledge their sources,The techniques for documentation-note-taking,quoting,footnoting,listing bibliography — are
easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references,Although 'there
is no copyright in news,or in ideas,only in the expression of them," the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for
ideas are challenged,
45,
The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention,The writer,limited by his laziness and dullness,
copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own,He not only steals,he tries to deceive the reader
into believing the ideas are original,Such words as immoral,dishonest,offensive,and despicable are used to describe the
practice of plagiarism by intention,
The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement,All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others
but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources,Students,as developing scholars,writers,teachers,
and professional leaders,should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language
and thoughts are borrowed,Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship,they will admire the
humility and honesty,
[答案 ]
41.F 42.A 43.D 44.C 45.E
2006年考研英语新题型模拟题题型一：搭配题
练习一
Directions,
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about tourism,Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for
each numbered paragraph,The first paragraph of the text is not numbered,There is one extra heading which you do not
need to use,Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1,(10 points),
[A] Tourism contrasted with travel
[B] The essence of modern tourism
[C] Tourism versus leisure
[D] The artificiality of modern tourism
[E] The role of modern tour guides
[F] Creating an alternative to the everyday experience
Tourism,holidaymaking and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most commentators have
considered,On the face of it there could not be a more trivial subject for a book,And in deed since social scientists have
had considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics,such as work or politics,it might be thought that they would have
great difficulties in accounting for more trivial phenomena such as holidaymaking,However,there are interesting parallels
with the study of deviance,This involves the investigation of bizarre and idiosyncratic social practices which happen to be
defined as deviant in some societies but not necessarily in others,The assumption is that the investigation of deviance can
reveal interesting and significant aspects of 'normal' societies,It could be said that a similar analysis can be applied to
tourism,
41,
Tourism is leisure activity which presupposes its opposite,namely regulated and organized work,It is one manifestation
of how work and leisure are organized as separate and regulated spheres of social practice in 'modern' societies,Indeed
acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics of being 'modern' and the popular concept of tourism is that it is
organized within particular places and occurs for regularized periods of time,Tourist relationships arise
- 13 -
from a movement of people to,and their stay in,various destination,This necessarily involves some movement,that is the
journey,and a period of stay in a new place or places,The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places
of residence and work and are of a short-term and temporary nature and there is a clear intention to return 'home' within a
relatively short period of time,
42,
A substantial proportion of the population of modern societies engages in such tourist practices; new socialised forms of
provision have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists,as opposed to the individual
character of travel,Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation,especially through
daydreaming and fantasy,of intense pleasures,either on a different scale or involving different senses from those
customarily encountered,Such anticipation is constructed and sustained through a variety of non-tourist practices,such as
films,TV,literature,magazines,records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming,
43,
Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience,Such
aspects are viewed because they are taken to be in some sense out of the ordinary,The viewing of these tourist sights often
involves different forms of social patterning,with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape
than is normally found in everyday life,People linger over these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their
home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs,postcards,films and so on which enable
the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured,
44,
One of the earliest dissertations on the subject of tourism is Boorstin's analysis of the 'pseudo-event' (1964) where he
argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience 'reality' directly but thrive on 'pseudo-events',Isolated from the
host environment and the local people,the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in inauthentic contrived
attractions,gullibly enjoying the pseudo-events and disregarding the real world outside,Over time the images generated of
different tourist sights come to constitute a closed self-perpetuating system of illusions which provide the tourist with the
basis for selecting and evaluating potential places to visit,Such visits are made,says Boorstin,within the 'environmental
bubble' of the familiar American-style hotel which insulates the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment,
45,
To service the burgeoning tourist industry,an array of professionals has developed who attempt to reproduce ever-new
objects for the tourist to look at,These objects or places are located in a complex and changing hierarchy,This depends
upon the interplay between,on the one hand,competition between interests involved in the provision of such objects and,
on the other hand,changing class,gender,and generational distinctions of taste within the potential population of visitors,
It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the 'modern experience',Not to 'go away' is like not
possessing a car or a nice house,Travel is a marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be necessary for
good health,The role of the professional,therefore,is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance with
their class and overall expectations,
Answer 41.B 42.A 43.F 44.D 45.E
练习二
Directions,
You are going to read a list of headings and a text,Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered
paragraph,The first paragraph of the text is not numbered,There is one extra heading which you do not need to use,Mark
your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1,(10 points),
[A] New method of research
[B] Non-verbal content
[C] Traditional lexicographical methods
[D] New phrases enter dictionary
[E] Accurate word frequency counts
[F] Alternative expressions provided
- 14 -
The compiling of dictionaries has been historically the provenance of studious professorial types -usually bespectacled -
who love to pore over weighty tomes and make pronouncements on the finer nuances of meaning,They were probably
good at crosswords and definitely knew a lot of words,but the image was always rather dry and dusty,The latest
technology,and simple technology at that,is revolutionising the content of dictionaries and the way they are put together,
41
For the first time,dictionary publishers are incorporating real,spoken English into their data,It gives lexicographers
(people who write dictionaries) access to a more vibrant,up-to-date vernacular language which has never really been
studied before,In one project,150 volunteers each agreed to discreetly tie a Walkman recorder to their waist and leave it
running for anything up to two weeks,Every conversation they had was recorded,When the data was collected,the length
of tapes was 35 times the depth of the Atlantic Ocean,Teams of audio typists transcribed the tapes to produce a
computerised database often million words,
42
This has been the basis - along with an existing written corpus - for the Language Activator dictionary,described by
lexicographer Professor Randolph Quirk as 'the book the world has been waiting for ',It shows advanced foreign learners
of English how the language is really used,In the dictionary,key words such as 'eat' are followed by related phrases such as
'wolf down' or 'be a picky eater',allowing the student to choose the appropriate phrase,
43
'This kind of research would be impossible without computers,' said Delia Summers,a director of dictionaries,'It has
transformed the way lexicographers work',If you look at the word 'like',you may intuitively think that the first and most
frequent meaning is the verb,as in 'I like swimming',It is not,It is the preposition,as in,'she walked like a duck',Just
because a word or phrase is used doesn't mean it ends up in a dictionary,The sifting out process is as vital as ever,But the
database does allow lexicographers to search for a word and find out how frequently it is used - something that could only
be guessed at intuitively before,
44
Researchers have found that written English works in a very different way to spoken English,The phrase 'say what you
like' literally means 'feel free to say anything you want',but in reality it is used,evidence shows,by someone to prevent the
other person voicing disagreement,The phrase 'it's a question of crops up on the database over and over again,It has
nothing to do with enquiry,but it's one of the most frequent English phrases which has never been in a language learner's
dictionary before,it is now,
45
The Spoken Corpus computer shows how inventive and humorous people are when they are using language by twisting
familiar phrases for effect,It also reveals the power of the pauses and noises we use to play for time,convey emotion,doubt
and irony,
For the moment,those benefiting most from the Spoken Corpus are foreign learners,'Computers allow lexicographers to
search quickly through more examples of real English,' said Professor Geoffrey Leech of Lancaster University,'They
allow dictionaries to be more accurate and give a feel for how language is being used.' The Spoken Corpus is part of the
larger British National Corpus,and initiative carried out by several groups involved in the production of language learning
materials,publishers,universities and the British Library,
Answer,41.A 42.F 43.E 44.D 45.B
练习三
Directions,
You are going to read a text about tips on iron usage,followed by a list of illustrations,Choose the most suitable
illustrations from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45),There is one extra illustration which you do not need
to use,Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1,(10 points),
- 15 -
YOUR MOULEX IRON
Moulex is a world-leading manufacturer of home appliances,With 30 years of rich experience,we produce and sell the
most reliable and user-friendly irons for our customers all,over the world,Before you enjoy our great product,please
ensure that basic safety precautions be followed and all instructions be read carefully,
41 Filling the reservoir
Your iron is designed to function using tap water,However,it will last longer if you use distilled water,
42 Temperature and steam control
Your Moulex iron has two buttons which control the intensity of heat produced by the iron,You can,therefore,adjust
the temperature of the iron and the amount of steam being given off depending upon the type of fabric being ironed,
- Turn the steam control to the desired intensity,
- Turn the thermostat control to the desired temperature,
43 Pressing button
Important,Do not use this more than five successive times,
44 Suits crease erasing
It is possible to use this iron in a vertical position so that you can remove creases from clothes on coathangers or from
curtains,Turning the thermostat control and the steam button to maximum,hold the iron in a vertical position close to the
fabric but without touching it,Hold down the pressing button for a maximum of one seconds,The steam produced is not
always visible but is still able to remove creases,
45 Auto-clean
In order that your iron does not become furred up,Moulex have integrated an auto-clean system and we advise you to
use it very regularly (1-2 times per month.)
[A] Turn the steam control to the off position,
Fill the reservoir and turn the thermostat control to maximum,
As soon as the indicator light goes out,unplug the iron and,holding it over the sink,turn the steam control to auto-clean,
Any calcium deposits will be washed out by the steam,Continue the procedure until the reservoir is empty,
[B] If your iron produces droplets of water instead of giving off steam,your temperature control is set too low,
[C] Always unplug the iron before filling the reservoir,
Always empty the reservoir after use,
[D] This button activates a super shot of steam which momentarily gives you an additional 40g of steam,when needed,
[E] This button activates a jet of cold water which allows you to iron out any unintentional creases,Press the button for one
second,
[F] Hold the iron at a sufficient distance from silk and wool to avoid all risk of scorching,Do not attempt to remove creases
from an item of clothing that is being worn,always use a coathanger,
Answer,41.C 42.B 43.D 44.F 45.A
- 16 -
2006年考研英语新题型模拟题题型二：排序题
练习一
Directions,
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order,For Questions 41-45,you are required t reorganize these
paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box,The first and the last
paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes,Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1,(10 points)
[A] Most governments are responding pragmatically,After years in which AIDS was denounced as a social evil,Vietnam's
communist rulers have begun to attend AIDS-awareness functions and promote AIDS-prevention schemes,In
neighbouring Laos,soldiers are taught about AIDS as part of their training,Indonesia is running needle exchanges and
handing out methadone to heroin users,although only at a handful of clinics,
[B] Until recently,South-East Asia was considered a beacon of hope in the fight against AIDS,Thailand and Cambodia,
where the epidemic took hold in the 1990s,have managed to reduce the incidence of the disease through vigorous and well
funded public-health campaigns,In Cambodia,the proportion of adults infected by HIV,the virus that causes AIDS,fell
from 3% in 1997 to a still high 1.9% in 2003,In Thailand,the number of new cases has fallen each year for the past decade,
[C] "BOOM!" That,in a word,is how one epidemiologist describes the spread of AIDS in Vietnam,Infection rates may be
higher in Africa,but AIDS is growing faster in South-East Asia than in any other part of the world,What is more,in
populous countries like Vietnam and Indonesia,even small increases in the proportion infected means millions of new
cases,
[D] AIDS is spreading so quickly because those most in danger are still taking risks,A recent survey of injecting drug users
in three Indonesian cities found that 88% had used unsterilised needles in the previous week,No wonder,then,that half of
all drug users in Jakarta and Bali have HIV,By the same token,repeated surveys find that relatively few prostitutes use
condoms in Indonesia,Infection rates among them have risen as high as 17% in some parts of the country,In Ho Chi Minh
City,in Vietnam,over a third of prostitutes inject drugs,and half of those are HIV positive,
[E] But when Malaysian authorities announced that they would start similar programmes earlier this year,religious leaders
reacted with horror,The government of the state of Perak said it would distribute condoms only to married men,In 2003,
the Philippines' Catholic bishops succeeded in blocking a proposal to spend government money on condom distribution,
The military regime in Myanmar has not yet allowed any prevention campaigns on radio or television,Even Thailand,
which mounted a much-imitated "100% condom" campaign in the 1990s,is uncomfortable with any policies that imply
forbearance in the face of drug use,
[F] People in the region remain worryingly ignorant about AIDS,Last year,the World Health Organization reported that
prevention programmers had reached only 19% of prostitutes in Asia and the Pacific,5% of drug users and 1% of gay men,
People in risky situations use condoms only 8% of the time,it reckoned,Only 1% of Indonesian women have ever been
tested for HIV,
[G] Even as Thailand and Cambodia get to grips with AIDS,however,the disease has been taking hold in other countries in
the region,Myanmar and Papua New Guinea,with estimated infection rates of 1.2% and 1.7% respectively,face what the
United Nations AIDS programmer call generalized epidemics,Several others,including Indonesia and Vietnam,are
witnessing skyrocketing infection rates among drug users,from whom the disease might soon start spreading to the wider
population,In East Asia as a whole,the number of people living with HIV rose by 24% in 2004 alone,according to a
UNAIDS report,to be released on July 1st at a regional AIDS conference in Kobe,Japan,
Order
C 41,42 43 44 45 E
- 17 -
Answer B G D F A
练习二
Directions,
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order,For Questions 41-45,you are required t reorganize these
paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box,The first and the last
paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes,Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1,(10 points)
[A] Geography doesn't help; traffic has to be squeezed between mountains and sea along a handful of narrow corridors,But
the real bugbear is the region's conflicting or overlapping transport plans,Each local authority wants to control its own;
each has its own administration,engineers and schedule planners; and all compete for passengers and funds,
[B] The monorail was approved by voters in 2002 as a populist alternative to Sound Transit,at the time beset by cost
overruns and questions over its management,It seemed cool to vote for a train system no other big city is using no such a
large scale,To add to its anti-elitist luster,the monorail was designed to serve middle-income districts that Sound Transit
neglected,
[C] Now Seattle City Council must approve the monorail's financing plan before letting building go ahead,Weeks ago,
approval seemed certain,but not any more,This,in a way,is unfair,For though the monorail scheme has flaws aplenty,the
real culprit is the political culture that allowed its creation in the first place,
[D] In King County,where Seattle sits,Metro Transit's 1,300 buses work to ferry people between suburbs and the big city,
A system called Sound Transit is building train and bus services throughout King County and next-door Pierce and
Snohomish Counties (which also have their own bus systems),The city of Seattle operates a trolley line,Now construction
may soon start on a monorail-an elevated,single-track train-that would wend its way for 14 miles (23km) from
neighbourhoods in north Seattle to those in the city's south-west,
[E] That startling figure-nearly five times the cost-has caught the public's attention,to say the least,Michael Murphy,
Washington state's treasurer remarked in mid-June that the monorail's financing plan was "ludicrous" and threatened to
damage the credit-rating of the entire state,Monorail officials have fired back,insisting that the system's cost is in line with
what voters approved,and complaining that they are being unfairly maligned for openly stating the full borrowing and
operating costs,Maybe,But monorail planners also over-estimated tax revenues,which have fallen about one-third short
of projections,
[F] The cost for the first stage was pegged at around $1.75 billion,paid for with a now unloved car
tax,Since then-and this will shock no-one-the costs have increased to about $1.9 billion,To
pay for it,the monorail's managers plan to borrow a whopping $9.3 billion,to be paid off over
nearly 50 years,
[G] It is home to Boeing,Starbucks and Microsoft (as well as to Ichiro Suzuki,the hippest baseball player in the world),
But Seattle's other,lesser boast is that it probably has the worst transport planning in North America,
Order
G 41,42 43 44 45 C
Answer A D B F E
练习三
Directions,
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order,For Questions 41-45,you are required t reorganize these
paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box,The first and the last
paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes,Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1,(10 points)
- 18 -
[A] Astronomers are interested in comets because they are simpler and more primitive than planets,Both types of body
formed 4.5 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust around the young sun,Comets,though,are believed to have
changed little from those days while planets,being larger and thus more prone to heating up and melting (the heat is
generated by radioactive minerals,and trapped inside large bodies),have undergone significant alteration,A comet is
therefore something of a cosmic time capsule,
[B] By observing how the crater forms,and the shape of the debris cloud,NASA's scientists hope to be able to tell
something about the rigidity of the comet's material and how porous it is,And by analysing the spectrum of light from the
debris,they will find out that material's chemical composition-although the comet has been giving up some of these secrets
unprompted,with a series of natural outbursts in recent weeks,
[C] Deep Impact itself is a actually composed of two smaller vehicles-a mother ship that will fly past the comet taking
photographs and conducting other measurements,and a sophisticated,steerable copper bullet weighing 372kg that is
intended to smash into the comet,
[D] Deep Impact's scientists,though,are not just trying to create an expensive display of patriotic pyrotechnics,By
observing what is ejected from the crater created when part of the probe hits the comet they also hope to catch a glimpse of
the material from which the Earth and the other planets were formed,
[E] Amateur observers in the western United States should be able to see Tempel 1 light up during the impact through a
small telescope or possibly even a large pair of binoculars,For more information,consult http://deepimpact,
umd.edu/amateur,
[F] America's space agency,NASA,has always had one eye on the crowd,It is not,therefore,a coincidence that its Deep
Impact probe will arrive at its target,comet,Tempel 1,on July 4th,As is traditional,the anniversary of the American
rebellion will be celebrated by fireworks on Earth,This year,thanks to the cunning of the agency's interplanetary
navigators,there should be fireworks in the heavens,too,
[G] On July 3rd,the bullet will separated from the mother ship and begin its journey towards Tempel 1,At around 05:52
Universal Time the next day it should hit the comet,
Order
F 41,42 43 44 45 E
Answer D A C G B
