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ÊÔÌâËļ°´ð°¸ Part One? Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said - Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a line through the centre.Example: You will hear:???????? You will read:???????? A) At the office.????????? B) In the waiting room.???????? C) At the airport.???????? D) In a restaurant.??? From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) At the office is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.1. A) She is not interested in the article.?? B) She has given the man much trouble.?? C) She would like to have a copy of the article.?? D) She doesn't want to take the trouble to read the article.2. A) He saw the big tower he visited on TV~?? B) He has visited the TV tower twice.?? C) He has visited the TV tower once.?? D) He will visit the TV tower in June.3. A) The woman has trouble getting along with the professor.?? B) The woman regrets having taken up much of the professor's time.?? C) The woman knows the professor has been busy.?? D) The woman knows the professor has run into trouble.4. A) He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used to.?? B) He doesn't think he is capable of doing the job.?? C) He thinks the pay is too low to support his family,?? D) He wants to spend more time with his family.5. A) The man thought the essay was easy.?? B) They both had a hard time writing the essay.?? C) The woman thought the essay was easy.?? D) Neither of them has finished the assignment yet.6. A) In the park. B) Between two buildings?? C) In his apartment. D) Under a huge tree.7. A) It's awfully dull. B) It's really exciting.?? C) it's very exhausting. D) It's quite challenging.8. A) movie. B) A lecture. C) A play. D) A speech.9. A) The weather is mild compared to the past years.?? B) They are having the coldest winter ever.?? C) The weather will soon get warmer.?? D) The weather may get even colder.10. A) The mystery story.???? B) The hiring of a shop assistant.??? C) The search for a reliable witness.??? D) An unsolved case of robbery.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) They want to change the way English is taught.??? B) They learn English to find well-paid jobs.??? C) They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.??? D) They know clearly what they want to learn.12. A) Professionals. B) College students.???? C) Beginners D) Intermediate earners.13. A) Courses for doctors. B) Courses for businessmen.??? C) Courses for reporters. D) Courses for lawyers.14. A) Three groups of learners. B) The importance of business English.???? C) English for Specific Purposes. D) Features of English for different papacies.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) To show off their wealth.???? B) To feel good.???? C) To regain their memory.??? D) To be different from others.16. A) To help solve their psychological problems.???? B) To play games with them.???? C) To send sham to the hospital.??? D) To make them aware of its harmfulness.17. A) They need care and affection.???? B) They are fond of round-the-world trips.??? C) They are mostly from broken families.??? D) They are likely to commit crimes.Passage Three?Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) Because it was too heavy.???? B) Because it did not bend easily.???? C) Because it did not shoot far.??? D) Because its string was short.19. A) It went out of use 300 years ago??? B) h was invented alter the short how.???? C) It was discovered before fire and the wheel.??? D) It's still in use today.20. A) They are accurate and easy to pull.???? B) Their shooting range is 40 yards.???? C) They are usually used indoors.??? D) They took 100 years to develop.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.??? Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human ¡°guinea pig¡± is tested using a regular tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. Twisted joints and stretched muscles can not perform as well, it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old.??? One of the electronic instruments used by Dr. Tichauer, the myograph £¨¼¡¶¯¼ÇÆ÷£©, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle.??? Another machine measures any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon which to base a new design. One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more stable and safer to use than one with four legs.??? This work has attracted the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauer¡¯s first thought is for the health of the tool user. With the repeated use of the same tool all day long on production lines and in other jobs, even light manual work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety hazard.??? Efficiency is the by-product of comfort, Dr. Tichauer believes, and his new designs for traditional tools have proved his point.21. What are involved in the design of a new tool according to the passage?A) Electronic instruments and a regular tool.B) A human ¡°guinea pig¡± and a regular tool.C) Electronic instruments and a human ¡°guinea pig¡±.D) Electronic instruments, a human ¡°guinea pig¡± and a regular tool.22. From the passage we know that joints and muscles perform best when __________________.A) they are twisted and stretchedB) they are in their normal positionsC) they are tested with a human ¡°guinea pig¡±D) they are tested with electronic instruments23. A ¡°myograph¡± (Para. 2, Line 1) is an electronic instrument that ________________.A) is able to design new toolsB) measures the amount of energy usedC) enable people to see the muscular movementsD) visualizes electrical signals24. It can be inferred from the passage that ________________.A) a stepladder used to have four legs.B) it is dangerous to use toolsC) a tripod is safer in a tool designD) workers are safer on production lines25. Dr. Tichauer started his experiments initially to _________________.A) improve efficiencyB) increase productionC) reduce work loadD) improve comfortQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:??? More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.??? It¡¯s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.??? Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it¡¯s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.??? Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.??? Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (Õ©Æ­) the most confidential £¨±£ÃÜ£©records right under the noses of the company¡¯s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.?26. It can be concluded from the passage that _______________.A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB) people commit computer crimes at the request of their companyC) computer criminals escape punishment because they can¡¯t be detectedD) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions27. It is implied in the third paragraph that _________________.A) most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luckB) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD) many more computer crimes go undetected that are discovered28. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforcedB) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputationC) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputationD) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information29. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?A) With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.B) They may walk away and easily find another job.C) They will be denied access to confidential recordsD) They must leave the country to go to jail.30. The passage is mainly about _________________.A) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishmentB) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspectionsC) how computer criminals mange to get good recommendations from their former employersD) why computer crimes can¡¯t be eliminatedQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.??? In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and indecision makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the ¡°battle of the sexes¡±.??? If the process goes too far and man¡¯s role is regarded as less important ¨C and that has happened in some cases ¨C we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.???? It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of ¡°Momism¡± ¨C but we don¡¯t want to exchange it for a ¡°neo-Popism¡±. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit ¨C nor the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman¡¯s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyse man¡¯s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.??? The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.??? Excessive authoritarianism£¨ÃüÁîÖ÷Ò壩has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent £¨Ïà¹ØµÄ£¬ÇÐÌâµÄ£© not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.31. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is _________________.A) fundamental to a sound democracyB) not pertinent to healthy family lifeC) responsible for MomismD) what we have almost given up32. The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and the father is that ___________.A) the role of the father may become an inferior one¡¯B) the role of the mother may become an inferior oneC) C) the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of sexesD) sharing leads to constant arguing33. The author states that bringing up children ________________.A) is mainly the mother¡¯s jobB) belongs among the duties of the fatherC) is the job of schools and churchesD) involves a partnership of equals34. According to the author, the father¡¯s role in the home is ____________________.A) minor because he is an ineffectual parentB) irrelevant to the healthy development of the childC) pertinent to the healthy development of the childD) identical to the role of the child¡¯s mother35. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?A) A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society.B) Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores.C) Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory.D) A woman¡¯s place in the home ¨C now as always.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:??? Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the ¡°look-say¡± or ¡°whole-word¡± method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.??? The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, ¡°learning how to learn¡± activities recommended by advocates £¨³«µ¼Õߣ©of ¡°open¡± classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these ¡°Run-Spot-Run¡± readers.??? However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called ¡°the great debate¡± in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can¡¯t Read, Flesch indicted£¨¿ØËߣ©the nation¡¯s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said ¨C and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed ¨C that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics£¨ÓïÒôѧ£©, is far superior.??? Systematic phonics first teachers children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.36. The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is _____________.A) only logical and natural B) the expected positionC) probably a mistake D) merely effective instruction37. The author indicts the look-say reading approach because _________________.A) it overlooks decoding B) Rudolf Flesch agrees with himC) he says it is boring D) many schools continue to use this method38. One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is _______________.A) look-say is simpler B) Phonics takes longer to learnC) look-say is easier to teach D) phonics gives readers access to far more words39. The phrase ¡°touch-off¡± (Para 3, Line 1) most probably means _____________.A) talk about shortly B) start or causeC) compare with D) oppose40. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A) Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant.B) The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.C) In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.D) Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.Part Three Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. Word had come from the manager ____________ a new transaction would be concluded.A) who??B) that?C) which?D) when42. There was a traffic jam, but she ____________ get to the destination in time.A) could??B) might??C) ought to??D) was able to43. "Do you think ____________ I should attend the lecture?" she asked me.A) that??B) whether??C) if??D) when44. Their room was on the third floor, its window ____________ the sports ground.A) overlooks??B) overlooking??C) overlooked??D) to overlook45. On no account ____________ to anyone who works in the company.A) my name must be mentioned?B) my name must mentionC) must my name be mentioned?D) must my name mention46. Jim knows little of mathematics, ____________ of chemistry.A) and still less?B) as well as?C) no less than?D) and still more47. The man denied ____________ any thing at the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.A) to have stolen?B) to steal?C) having stolen?D) having been stealing48. Did he tell you what ____________ if he had a chance?A) was he going to do?B) he would do?C) be had done?D) had to do49. The results were to ____________ yesterday, but we have heard nothing.A) reveal?B) have revealed?C) be revealed?D) have been revealed50. Calculations, which are astronomically exact, have been made ____________ with the use of computers.A) possible?B) it possible?C) possibly?D) to be possible51. To handle the delicate situation, you must £»be____________A) more than careful?B) more carefullyC) carefully enough?D) enough carefully52. The governess agreed to teach the temperamental child ____________ she was given complete authority.A) whether?B) for?C) that?D) provided53. According to the periodic table, ____________ still some elements undiscovered.A) there seem to be?B) it seems to beC) it seems that?D) here seem54. The farmer used wood to build a house ____________ to store grain.A) with?B) in which?C) which?D) where55. A beam of light will not bend round the corners unless ____________ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.A) being done?B) made?C) to be made?D) having made56. ____________, the more severe the winters are.A) The more north you go?B) The farther you go the northC) The more you go north?D) The farther north you go57. Vicky has been sad recently, for her plan to go to college ____________ at the last moment.A) fell out?B) fell behind?C) fell through?D) fell off58. You had better ____________ teasing these newcomers, for that will hurt their feeling.A) leave out?B) leave for?C) leave off?D) leave behind59. Don't lose heart! You should _____________ your courage and overcome the difficulty.A) hold up?B) set up?C) pull up?D) pluck up60. He ____________ a sum of money every month to help the two orphans.A) sets aside?B) sets up?C) sets along?D) sets in61. His debts had to be _____________ after he committed suicide with his rifle.A) laid off?B) written off?C) turned off?D) put off62. The gentleman ____________ a cherub with his letter.A) combined?B) included?C) kept?D) enclosed63. At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide ____________ of topics they were interested in.A) extent?B) number?C) collection?D) range64. His ____________ has changed but he has kept the fine qualities of a scientific researcher.A) state?B) status?C) station?D) statue65. She can speak French and German, to ____________ nothing of English.A) say?B) speak?C) talk?D) tell66. If you play with electricity, you may get an electric ____________A) strike?B) beat?C) shock?D) knock67. It was a wonderful play with a ____________ of over fifty actors and actresses.A) list?B) group?C) bunch?D) herd68. A ____________change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.A) strict?B) wide?C) ever?D) radical69. Please give my best ____________ to your family.A) notice?B) attention?C) regards?D) cares70. They bought the land with a ____________ to build a new office block.A) purpose?B) view?C) goal?D) reasonPart IV? Close (15 minutes )Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.??? Methods of studying vary; what works__71__ for some students doesn¡¯t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment __72__ you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: __73__ else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won' t although college. Meantime, there are a few rules that__74__ for everybody. The hint is "don't get ___75___ ".??? The problem of studying, __76__ enough to start with, becomes almost__77__ when you are trying to do __78__ in one weekend.?__79__ the fastest readers have trouble __80__ that. And if you are behind in written work that must be __81__, the teacher who accepts it __82__late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it__83__ . Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no __84__. Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you 'spend on chemistry won' t __85__one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the __86__of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should __87__all their time to it. __88__the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this __89__, begin with the shortest and easiest __90__. Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.71. A) good B) easily C) sufficiently D) well72. A) until B) after C) while D ) so73. A) somebody B) nobody C) everybody D) anybody74. A) follow B) go C) operate D) work75. A) behind B) after C) slow D) later76. A) hardly B) unpleasant C) hard D) heavy77. A) improbable B) necessary C) impossible D) inevitable78. A) three week's work B) three weeks' worksC) three weeks' work D) three week' s works79. A) Even B) Almost C) If D) with80. A) to do B) doing C) at doing D) with doing81. A) turned in B) tuned up C) turned out D) given in82. A) very B) quite C) such D) that83. A) anyway B) either C) at all D) too84. A) solution B) method C) answer D) excuse85. A) help B) encourage C) assist D) improve86. A) expense B) pay C) debt D) charge87. A) devote B) put C) spend D) take88. A) Whichever B) Whatever C) However D) Wherever89. A) attraction B) decision C) temptation D) dilemma90. A) arrangements B) way C) assignments D) classPart V WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Good Manners. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:1ÊÀ½çÉϵÄÈ˶¼¿´ÖØÁ¼ºÃµÄÐÐΪ¾ÙÖ¹.2ÔÚ¹«¹²³¡ºÏµÄһЩÄ̺õÄÐÐΪ¾ÙÖ¹.3Èç¹ûÿ¸öÈ˶¼ÅàÑøÆðÁ˺õÄÐÐΪ¾ÙÖ¹,´ð°¸¼°Ïê½âPart One Listening ComprehensionSection A 1-10 CCBDB DACDD11-20 DABCB AACBA TapescriptSection A 1. M: Would you like a copy of professor Smith's article??? W: Thanks, if it's not too much trouble.?? Q: What does the woman imply? 2. W: Did you visit the Television Tower when you had your vacation in Shanghai last summer??? M: I couldn't make it last June. But I finally visited it two months later. I plan to visit it again sometime next year.?? Q: What do we learn about the man? 3. M: Prof. Kennedy has been very busy this semester. As far as I know, he works until mid-night every day.?? W: I wouldn't have troubled him so much if I had know he was so busy.?? Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 4. W: If I were you, I would have accepted the job.?? M: I turned down the offer because it would mean frequent business trips away from my family:?? Q: Why didn't the man accept the job? 5. M: How are you getting on with your essay, Mary? I'm having a real hard time with mine.?? W: After two sleepless nights, I'm finally through with it.?? Q: What do we learn from this conversation? 6. W: Where did you say you found this bag??? M: It was lying under a big tree between the park and the apartment building?? Q: Where did the man find the bag? 7. M: Wouldn't you get bored with the same routine year after year teaching the same things to children??? W: I don't think it would be as boring as working in an office. Teaching is mat stimulating.?? Q: What does the woman imply about office work? 8. M: I was terribly embarrassed when some of the audience got up and left in the middle of the performance.?? W: Well, some people just can't seem to appreciate real-life drama.?? Q: What are they talking about? 9. W: Oh, it's so cold. We haven't had such a severe winter for so long, have we??? M: Yes, the forecast says it's going to get worse before it warms up.?? Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 10. M: You were seen hanging about the store on the night when it was robbed, weren't you???? W: Me? You must have made a mistake. I was at home that night.??? Q: What are they talking about? Section B Passage One ??? There are three groups of English learners: beginners, intermediate learners, and learners of special English. Beginners need to learn the basics of English. Students who have reached an intermediate level benefit from learning general English skills. But what about student who want to learn specialist English for their work or professional life? Most students, who fit into this third group have a clear idea about what they want to learn. A bank clerk, for example, wants to use this specialist vocabulary and technical terms of finance. But for teachers, deciding how to teach specialist English is not always so easy. For a start, the variety is enormous. Every field from air- line pilots to secretaries has its own vocabulary and technical terms. Teachers also need to have an up-to-date knowledge of that specialist language, and not many teachers are exposed to working environments outside the classroom. These issues have influenced the way specialist English is taught in schools. This type of course is usually known as English for Specific Purposes, or ESP and there are ESP courses for almost every area of professional and working life. In Britain, for example, there are courses which teach English for doctors, lawyers, reporters, travel agents and people working in the hotel industry. By far, the most popular ESP courses are for business English. Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. What is the characteristic of learners of special English?12. Who needs ESP courses most?13. What are the most popular ESP courses in Britain?14. What is the speaker mainly talking about? Passage Two ??? The first step to stop drug abuse is knowing why people start to use drugs. The reasons people abuse drugs are as different as people are from one to another. But there seems to be one common thread: people seem to take drugs to change the way they feel. They want to feel better or feel happy or to feel nothing. Sometimes, they want to forget or to remember. People often feel better about the roseleaf when they are under the influence of drugs. But the effects don't' last long. Drugs don't solve problems. They just postpone them. No matter how far drugs may take you, it's always around trip. After a while, people who miss drugs may feel worse about thorn-' selves, and then they may use more drugs. If someone you know is using or abusing drugs, you can help. The most important part you can play is to be there. You can let your friends know that you care. You can listen and try to solve the problem behind your friend' s need to use drugs. Two people together can often solve a problem that seems too big for one person alone. Studies of., heavy abusers in the United States show that they felt unloved and unwanted. They didn't have close friends to talk to. When you or your friends take the time to care for each other, you're all helping to stop drugs abuse. After all, what is a friend for? Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. Why do some people abuse drugs?16. According to the passage, what is the best way to stop friends from abusing drugs?17. What are the findings of the studies about heavy drug users? Passage Three ??? Bows and arrows are one of man's oldest weapons. They gave early man an effective weapon to kill his enemies. The ordinary bow or short bow was used by nearly all early people. This bow had limited power and short range. However, man overcame these faults by learning to track his targets at a close range. The long bow was most likely discovered when someone found out that a five-foot piece of wood made a better bow than a three-foot piece. Hundreds of thou- sands of these bows were made and used for three hundred years. However, not one is known to survive today. We believe that a force of about one hundred pounds was needs to pull the string all the way back on a long bow. For a long time the bow was just a bent stick and string. In fact, more changes have taken place in a bow in the past 25 years than in the last 7 centuries. Today, bow is forceful. It is as exact as a gun. In addition, it requires little strength to draw the string. Modern bows also have precise aiming devices. In indoor contests, perfect scores from 40 yards are common. The invention of the bows itself ranks with discovery of fire and the wheel. It was a great-step-forward for man. Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. Why did man have to track his target at a close range when using a short bow?19. What does the passage tell us about the long bow?20. What do we know about modem bows? Part II Reading ComprehensionPassage One 21. D) ÓɵÚÒ»¶ÎµÄÇ°Á½¾ä×ÛºÏËùÓеÄϸ½Ú¡£22. B) ¼ûµÚÒ»¶ÎµÄµÚËľ䡣23. C) ±¾Ì⿼²ìÀûÓÃÉÏÏÂÎÄÀí½âÉú´ÊµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£µ¥´ÊmyographËùÔڵĵڶþ¶Î˵£¬ÕâÖÖÒÇÆ÷make visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle£¬ÓëC)»ù±¾ÊÇͬÑùµÄÒâ˼¡£24. A) ÓɵÚÈý¶ÎµÄµÚÒ»¾äÖеġ°¡­a new design¡±¿ÉÖª£¬µÚ¶þ¾äÖÐÌáµ½µÄa tripod ladderÊÇa new design£¬Ïà±È֮ϣ¬ËÄÌõÍȵÄÌÝ×Ó¾ÍÊÇan old designÁË£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¹ýÈ¥µÄstepladderÊÇËÄÌõÍȵġ£25. 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People all over the world set great regard on good manners. To certain degree, good manners indicate a person' s good education and breeding. In schools, it is part of students' moral Raining to develop good manners. A person with good manners always wins praise. On the contrary, people will frown on him if he behaves roughly and impolitely. ??? There are good manners in which we behave in public places. It is a good manner to offer help to the young, the old and the handicapped when they are in need of it. So is it to conduct ourselves politely and keep away from foul language. Besides, we should guard against such minor offences as making a loud noise, casting peels and shells, smoking, and spitting. ??? If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relationship. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and follows the social ethics, people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization.ª¤