高级英语试题（一） I． Vocabulary (30%) Section 1 Explain the underlined word or phrase in each of the following sentences. (15%) 1. A storm moved directly over the island, demolishing buildings and flooding streets. 2. The environmental problems they found in Poland were among the worst they encountered. 3. If the world is to avoid environmental cataclysm, advanced economies must undergo a profound transition. 4.They entered the shop, which was a curious ramshackle building. 5.They tried to make themselves heard over the din of the crowd. 6. Mr. Yeltsin will be unable to pass a new constitution without the assent of parliament. 7. The beautiful sweeping coastline was cloaked in mist. 8. The gang assaulted him with iron bars. 9. She ripped off her dress and let it fall to the floor. 10.They flirted with the idea of making records throughout the 1980s. 11. The Americans were still smarting from their defeat in the Vietnam War. 12.The Indian temple is an incongruous sight in the Welsh border country. 13. Don’t succumb to the temptation to have just one cigarette. 14. The temple was festooned with lights. 15. The U.S. magazines hailed her as the greatest rock ’n’ roll singer in the world. Section 2: Choose the most appropriate answer to fill in each of the blanks.(15%) 16. These are strange times in which we live, and strange arrangements appear to be the _____ of the day. A. sequence B. rule C. law D. order 17. They make _____ of getting as many contacts as possible with the ordinary people. A. a purpose B. a point of view C. a point D. an intention 18. The implication took a while to _____. A. follow suit B. narrow down C. fade away D. sink in 19. The tension was naturally high for a game with so much _____. A. at intervals B. at the prospect C. at rest D. at stake 20. There has been a _____ of troops on both sides of the border. A. scheme B. catch C. buildup D. collision 21. He cited a Chinese proverb to the _____ that you should never wish ill on your neighbor. A. following B. evidence C. proof D. effect 22. Just because a bird does not breed one year, it does not _____ that it will fail the next. A. follow B. mean C. indicate D. exhibit 23. Walter Crowley says that the problem _____ down to money. A. comes B. puts C. cuts D. beats 24. This could _____ a threat to jobs in the coal industry. A. pose B. post C. press D. possess 25. Frank’s _____ went out to the poor children playing in the slum street. A. mind B. eyes C. head D. heart 26. He has been on the _____ for the disturbing images of environmental pollution. A. research B. search C. lookout D. guard 27. He made a living _____ selling pancakes from a van. A. all over B. every bit C. of sorts D. on hand 28.The company is in bankruptcy proceedings _____ a strike that began last spring. A. in the course of B. with reference to C. in regard to D. in the wake of 29. In the early 1990s, she fell _____ to Alzheimer’s disease. A. captive B. slim C. victim D. control 30. Within minutes the area was _____ officers who began searching a nearby wood. A. warming to B. crowding with C. swarming with D. bribed off by II. Cloze (10%) Passage 1 On Saturday, June 21, I went down to Chequers just before dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Winant, Mr. and Mrs. Eden, and Edward Bridges were staying. During dinner, Mr. Churchill said that a German attack ___31___ Russia was now certain, and he thought that Hitler was counting on ___32___ capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U.S.A. Hitler was, however, wrong and we should ___33___ all out to help Russia. Winant said the same would be true ___34___ the U.S.A. After dinner, ___35___ I was walking on the croquet lawn with Mr. Churchill, he ___36___ to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not ___37___ down in the House of Rimmon. Mr. Churchill ___38___, “Not at all. I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, and my life is much simplified thereby. If Hitler ___39___ the Hell I would make at least a favorable ___40___ to the Devil in the House of Commons. 31. A. of B. to C. on D. for 32. A. listing B. resisting C. resulting D. enlisting 33. A. do B. make C. go D. try 34. A. of B. to C. from D. for 35. A. where B. which C. when D. whenever 36. A. converted B. diverted C. reverted D. exerted 37. A. bowing B. turning C. burning D. pulling 38. A. reacted B. reflected C. replied D. responded 39. A. invades B. had invaded C. was invading D. invaded 40. A. contact B. comment C. reference D. remark Passage 2 On the river, and especially with Huck Finn, Twain ___41___ the ultimate expression of escape from the pace he lived ___42___ and often deplored, from life’s regularities and the ___43___ clamor for success. Mark Twain suggested that an ___44___ was missing in the American ambition when he said: “What a robust people, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only ___45___ ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges.” Personal tragedy ___46___ his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones: his father, dying of pneumonia when Sam was 12; his brother Henry, killed by a steamboat explosion; the death of his son, Langdon, ___47___ 19 months. His eldest daughter, Susy, died of spinal meningitis, Mrs. Clemens ___48___ to a heart attack in Florence, and youngest daughter, Jean, an epileptic, drowned in an upstairs bathtub. Bitterness ___49__ on the man who had made the world laugh. The moralizing of his earlier writing had been well ___50___ humor. Now the gloves came off with biting satire. 41. A. founded B. found C. made D. had 42. A. on B. off C. to D. by 43. A. energy-sapped B. energy-sapping C. energy-taking D. energy-taken 44. A. instruction B. example C. instance D. ingredient 45. A. lie B. lay C. play D. repay 46. A. visited B. haunted C. frequented D. hunted 47. A. on B. in C. for D. at 48. A. was succumbed B. used C. succeeded D. succumbed 49. A. came B. relied C. fed D. freed 50. A. crowded with B. padded with C. teemed with D. swarmed with III Error Correction (10%) In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the word you want to add in the corresponding blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Make your answers clear on the Answer Sheet. This is no time to moralize on the fools of countries and 1. ____________ governments which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, when united action they could have saved them- 2. _____________ selves and saved the world from this catastrophe. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitler’s blood-lust and the hateful appeals 3. ______________ which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said there was another one deeper motive behind his outrage. He wishes 4. ______________ to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strengthen of his Army 5. ______________ and Air Force from the East and hurl it upon this Island, that he 6. ______________ knows he must conquer and suffer the penalty of his crimes. His 7. ______________ invasion of Russia is more than a prelude to an attempted invasion 8. ______________ of the British Isles. He hopes, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may interfere. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a great scale 9. _____________ than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without it all his conquests would be in 10. ____________ vain --- namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system. IV Paraphrase (20%) 1. They narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down. 2. I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks. 3. The prospects of a good catch looked bleak. 4. We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth’s natural systems. 5. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and safer prey. 6. Let’s us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain. 7. The words spat forth with sudden savagery, all pretense of blandness gone. 8. Mark Twain digested the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. 9. Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related. 10. He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant. V Reading Comprehension (15%) Passage 1 Questions 1-8 Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass or soap making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlers of the North American continent. The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making. The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs were piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash. In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts "to encourage the making of potash," beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance. 1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss? A. How it was made. B. Its value as a product for export. C. How it differs from other alkalis. D. Its importance in colonial North America. 2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXCEPT: A. They are alkalis. B. They are made from sea plants. C. They are used in making soap. D. They are used in making glass. 3. The word “interchangeable” in line 6 is closest in meaning to A. convenient. B. identifiable. C. equivalent. D. advantageous. 4. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North America because A. the materials needed for making soda were not readily available. B. making potash required less time than making soda. C. potash was better than soda for making glass and soap. D. the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use. 5. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT A. wood. B. fire. C. sand. D. water. 6. The word “adjunct” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A. addition. B. answer. C. problem. D. possibility. 7. According to the passage, a major benefit of making potash was that it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods. B. it helped finance the creation of farms. C. it could be made with a variety of materials. D. it stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking. 8. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems for southern settlers? A. The softwoods were not very plentiful. B. The softwoods could not be used to build houses. C. The softwoods were not very marketable. D. The softwoods were not very useful for making potash. Passage 2 Questions 9-15 So it's 1997, and it's raining, and you'll have to walk to work again. The subways are crowded, and any given train breaks down one morning out of five. The buses are gone, and on a day like today the bicycles slosh and slide. Besides, you have only a mile and a half to go, and you have boots, raincoat and rain hat. And it's not a very cold rain, so why not? Lucky you have a job in demolition too. It's steady work. Slow and dirty, but steady. The fading structures of a decaying city are the great mineral mines and hardware shops of the nation. Break them down and reuse the parts. Coal is too difficult to dig up and transport to give us energy in the amounts we need; nuclear fission is judged to be too dangerous; the technical breakthrough toward nuclear fusion that we hoped for never took place; and solar batteries are too expensive to maintain on the earth's surface in sufficient quantity. Anyone older than ten can remember automobiles. They dwindled. At first the price of gasoline climbed --- way up. Finally, only the well-to-do drove, and that was too clear an indication that they were filthy rich, so any automobile that dared show itself on a city street was overturned and burned. Rationing was introduced to "equalize sacrifice", but every three months the ration was reduced. The cars just vanished and became part of the metal resource. There are many advantages, if you want to look for them. Our 1997 newspapers continually point them out. The air is cleaner and there seem to be fewer colds. Against most predictions, the crime rate has dropped. With the police car too expensive (and too easy a target), policemen are back on their beats. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king in the cities of 1997, and people walk everywhere far into the night. Even the parks are full, and there is mutual protection in crowds. If the weather isn't too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only air conditioning they get. And at least the street lights still burn. Indoors, electricity is scarce, and few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper. As for the winter --- well, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn. But sweaters are popular indoor wear and showers are not an everyday luxury. Lukewarm sponge baths will do, and if the air is not always very fragrant in the human vicinity, the automobile fumes are gone. There is some consolation in the city that it is worse in the suburbs. The suburbs were born with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. One way out for the suburbanites is to form associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food. Pushcarts creak from house to house along the posh suburban roads, and every bad snowstorm is a disaster. It isn't easy to hoard enough food to last till the roads are open. There is not much in the way of refrigeration except for the snow-banks, and then the dogs must be fought off. What energy is left cannot be directed into personal comfort. The nation must survive until new energy sources are found, so it is the railroads and subways that are receiving major attention. The railroads must move the coal that is the immediate hope, and the subways can best move the people. And then, of course, energy must be conserved for agriculture. The great car factories make trucks and farm machinery almost exclusively. We can huddle together when there is a lack of warmth, fan ourselves should there be no cooling breeze, sleep or make love at such times as there is a lack of light --- but nothing will for long ameliorate a lack of food. The American population isn't going up much any more, but the food supply must be kept high even though the prices and difficulty of distribution force each American to eat less. Food is needed for export so that we can pay for some trickle of oil and for other resources. The rest of the world, of course, is not as lucky as we are. Some cynics say that it is the knowledge of this that helps keep America from despair. They're starving out there, because earth's population has continued to go up. The population on earth is 5.5 billion, and outside the United States and Europe, not more than one in five has enough to eat at any given time. All the statistics point to a rapidly declining rate of population increase, but that is coming about chiefly through a high infant mortality; the first and most helpless victims of starvation are babies, after their mothers have gone dry. A strong current of American opinion, as reflected in the newspapers (some of which still produce their daily eight pages of bad news), holds that it is just as well. It serves to reduce the population, doesn't it ? Others point out that it's more than just starvation. There are those who manage to survive on barely enough to keep the body working, and that proves to be not enough for the brain. It is estimated that there are now nearly 2 billion people in the world who are alive but who are permanently brain-damaged by under-nutrition, and the number is growing year by year. It has already occurred to some that it would be "realistic" to wipe them out quietly and rid the earth of an encumbering menace. The American newspapers of 1997 do not report that this is actually being done anywhere, but some travelers bring back horror tales. At least the armies are gone --- no one can afford to keep those expensive, energy-gobbling monstrosities. Some soldiers in uniform and with rifles are present in almost every still functioning nation, but only the United States and the Soviet Union can maintain a few tanks, planes, and ships --- which they dare not move for fear of biting into limited fuel reserves. Energy continues to decline, and machines must be replaced by human muscle and beasts of burden. People are working longer hours and there is less leisure: but then, with electric lighting restricted, television for only three hours a night, movies three evenings a week, new books few and printed in small editions, what is there to do with leisure? Work, sleep and eating are the great trinity of 1997, and only the first two are guaranteed. Where will it end? It must end in a return to the days before 1800, to the days before the fossil fuels powered a vast machine industry and technology. It must end in subsistence farming and in a world population reduced by starvation, disease and violence to less than a billion. And what can we do to prevent all this now? Now? Almost nothing. If we had started 20 years ago, that might have been another matter. If we had only started 50 years ago, it would have been easy. 9. Decide which of the following best states the main idea of the passage. A. The author makes pessimistic predictions of what would happen if the present rate of fuel consumption in the U.S. should remain uncontrolled. B. By depicting the nightmarish life of Americans in 1997 resulting from the exhaustion of fossil fuels, the author draws attention to the gravity of the energy crisis and calls for immediate action to prevent the possible occurrence of the nightmare. C. By drawing an imagined picture of the U. S. in 1997 when dwindling fuel resources have reduced the once-prosperous nation to a cold, dark, and miserable country, the author means to make his readers aware how heavily the U.S. relies on fossil fuels. 10-15. Decide which of the three choices best completes each sentence. 10. As described in the passage, one rainy day in 1997, many people walk to work because: 11.According to the passage, a job in demolition is steady work. Why? 12. With regard to cars, the author describes how 13. According to the passage, in 1997 energy resources have become so scarce that, in order to keep the nation going, priority in the distribution of fuel is given to: 14. Why is the situation in the rest of the world even worse? 15. What is the author’s answer to the question of how the energy crisis will end? VI Translation (15%) Translate each of the following sentences using the word or phrase given in the brackets. 对贫困的担心使他忧虑重重(obsess)。 他喜欢这些聚会，在那里他有机会与年轻人交往并就各种问题交换意见(shoulder)。 我们俩谁也不善于计算数字（adept） 4、他似乎没有意识到他们已走得多远了(oblivious)。 5、假使我不认罪，他们将从严惩罚我（book）。 我没有预料到会卷入这场争端(involve)。 洞庭湖盛产鱼虾(teem)。 徒工仔细地观察他的师傅，然后照着干(suit)。 9. 大家在几分钟以后才领悟他话中的含意 (sink)。 10. 我不记得他是怎么说的，但我肯定他讲话的大意是那样(effect)。