高级英语试题（二） Part I Vocabulary (30%) Section 1 Give a synonym for each of the following words (10%). would-be pungent oblivious inhibited frigid wring till conceal cryptic 10.denounce Section 2 Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part (20%). It has been established that she was not at the scene at the time of the crime. A. set up B. settled C. said D. proved The committee adjourned their discussion until the following week. A. continued B. adjusted C. suspended D. suspected He cloaked his wicked motives with friendly appearance. A. revealed B. disclosed C. exposed D. concealed We have to stay in this sweltering room while they are at the beach. A. burning B. cool C. sweating D. frigid A storm moved directly over the island, demolishing buildings and flooding streets. damaging B. decomposing C. destroying D. decaying The environmental problems they found in Poland were among the worst they encountered. A. dealt with B. faced C. discovered D. witnessed If the world is to avoid environmental cataclysm, advanced economies must undergo a profound transition. A. cataract B. catastrophe C. catalogue C. casualty They entered the shop, which was a curious ramshackle building. A. grotesque B. sombre C. unsteady D. Gothic They tried to make themselves heard over the din of the crowd. A. head B. shoulder C. noise D. dime Large areas of land have been contaminated by the leakage from the nuclear reactor. A. contained B. discolored C. poisoned D. polluted The politician received some scathing criticism from the public. sharp scattering C. mild D. subtle That is the most incredible coincidence that I have ever heard. A. ridiculous B. absurd C. unbelievable D. incongruous The local residents have made a strong protest with the government about the new airport. A. assent B. disturbance C. quarrel D. complaint I really feel tired of her eternal complaints. A. external B. occasional C. endless D. constant 15. All the silver-wares that are kept in the closet are burnished. A. coated B. dusted C. polished D. rusted 16. It took the girl quite sometime to digest what had happened. A. direct B. process C. comprehend D. acknowledge 17. The two Houses of Congress have concurred in the tax proposal put forward by the president. A. opposed to B. occurred to C. objected to D. agreed to 18. He is a man of inbred competitiveness. A. income B. incarnate C. innate D. immune 19. The government has succumbed to pressure from the press. A. accustomed B. yielded C. succeeded D. exceeded 20. He retired in the wake of the accusation that he had stolen from the company. A. because of B. in response to C. following D. predicting 21. Some Chinese companies are striving to penetrate the world markets. scramble occupy secede enter 22. It is a point of __________ for me to repay all my debt. face order honor grace 23. The collision of the planet into ours would be comparable to the power of five atomic bombs that hit Hiroshima during World War II should it occur in the future. exceed be equivalent to not match be comparative 24. Scientists used to believe that all the stars developed from primordial mass of gases. derivative primeval prestigious primavera 25. Your thoughtless behavior has caused us a great deal of distress. suffering difficulty inconvenience trouble 26. The Supreme Court demanded his interpretation of his involvement in the frauds. submission presentation explanation acknowledgement 27. On many of the previous occasions the US trade negotiators would revert to the issue of China’s human rights problems. reconsider reiterate restated reverse 28. The police are speculating that the suicide bombers may be linked to a terrorist organization. confirming guessing contemplating subsiding 29. Albert Einstein is regarded as the father of modern scientific thought. formulator advocate creator plagiarizer 30. Mr. Johnson is to preside over the seminar for genetic engineering. Address prepare host publicize 31. The congressman _________ a point of prolonging the debate. set advanced made insisted 32. He was extremely nervous at the _________ of his turn to make the presentation. potential prospective probability prospect 33. I was so annoyed that I felt impelled to write a letter to the local newspaper. compelled discouraged exhausted exhilarated 34. The chairman gave his assent of the proposal to the committee. refusal denial approval opposition 35. The increased demand for their skills has given them greater bargaining power. purchasing negotiating quarrelling performing 36. A lot of government offices and museums in Washington are made _________ to the public without admissions fees. accessory acceptable accepted accessible 37. They perceived that they were unwelcome there and left. were conscious were peremptory were complacent were compatible 38. Large areas of land have been contaminated by the leakage from the nuclear reactor. corrupted discolored polluted decayed 39. His tension was veiled by casual remarks. concealed inspired sharpened weakened 40. The runaway vehicle bore down inexorably on the trapped rabbit. stubbornly mercilessly inextricably inexplicably Part II Cloze (10%) Passage 1 I have to declare the decision of His Majesty’s Government---and I feel sure it is a decision in ___1___ the great Dominions will in due course concur---for we must speak out now at once, without a day’s delay. I have to make the ___2___, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have ___3___ one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every ___4___ of the Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn us---nothing. We will never ___5___, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth ___6___ his shadow and liberated its peoples from his ___7___. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches ___8___ Hitler is our foe. That is our policy and that is our declaration. It ___9___ therefore that we shall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people. We shall ___10___ all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly to the end. 1. A. that B. it C. which D. how 2. A. decision B. construction C. instruction D. declaration 3. A. or B. single C. but D. that 4. A. vestige B. remains C. relics D. flotsam 5. A. participate B. part C. depart D. parley 6. A. off B. from C. away D. of 7. A. shadow B. yoke C. oppression D. pressure 8. A. with B. towards C. after D. before 9. A. means B. results C. indicates D. follows 10.A. resort to B. appeal to C. require D. attract Passage 2 After the evidence was completed, Bryan rose to address the jury. “The issue was simple,” he declared, “The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from ___11___.” The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed ___12___ his work. In one hand he brandished a biology text as he ___13___ the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence. “The Bible,” he thundered ___14___ his sonorous organ tones, “is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to ___15___ that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, ___16___ man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as part of a divine plan.” As he finished, jaw out-thrust, eyes flashing, the audience ___17___ into applause and shouts of “Amen”. Yet something was lacking. ___18___ was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political ___19___ like a prairie fire. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breath of his ___20___ as he should have. 11. A. the sky B. below C. low D. earth 12. A. from B. into C. to D. at 13. A. announced B. denied C. denounced D. declared 14. A. with B. in C. without D. within 15. A. test B. justify C. sponsor D. testify 16. A. on B. from C. into D. with 17. A. burned B. burst C. ran D. clasped 18. A. Gone B. Left C. Lost D. At a loss 19. A. area B. field C. arena D. land 20. A. orator B. oratorical C. oration D. oratory Part III Error Correction (10%) In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the word you want to add in the corresponding blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Make your answers clear on the Answer Sheet. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruiser through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s 1.________________ endless summer of freedom and adventure. Indeed, this nation’s best- loved author was a bit as adventurous , patriotic, romantic, and humorous 2. ______________ _ as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well---one who growth cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life 3. ______________ _ dealt him., a man who became obsessed in the frailties of the human 4. _______________ race, who saw clearly in ahead a black wall of night. 5. _______________ Tramp printer, river pilot, Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry- eyed cynic: The man who became Mark Twain born Sammuel Langhorne 6.________________ Clemens and he arranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, 7. _______________ digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms of water --- a navigable deep. 8. _______________ His popularity is tested by the fact that more than a score of his books 9. ______________ _ remain out of print, and translations are still read around the world. 10. ______________ Part IV Paraphrase (15%) Little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was. I thought somehow I had been spared. Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. He moved his fingers back in time to the ice of two decades. My life is much simplified thereby. We shall be strengthened not weakened in determination and in resources. Pretty neat set-up you folks got. We’ll show them a few tricks. Let’s take this thing to court and test the legality of it. Part V Reading Comprehension (20%) Passage 1 Questions 1-8 The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the "winged lizards." The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some of the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion. Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason---in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail; but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? 2. “They evolved from strong limb muscles.” Is this statement true of early reptile wings? Why? 3. It can be inferred from the passage that at what time birds were probably dominant in the skies: 4. The author mentions airplanes in line 7 in order to: . 5. According to the passage, why were pterosaurs probably "not skillful fliers"? 6. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from 7. What helped researchers determine that Archaeopteryx was not a dinosaur? 8. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany? Passage 2 Questions 9 - 15 In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion dearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons. Although this impact event was of considerable scientific importance, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. 9. The passage mentions which of the following with respect to the fragments of comet Shoemaker Levy 9 ? A. They were once combined in a larger body. B. Some of them burned up before entering the atmosphere of Jupiter. C. Some of them are still orbiting Jupiter. D. They have an unusual orbit. 10. The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to all of the following EXCEPT: A. a dismembered body. B. a train. C. a pearl necklace. D. a giant planet. 11. Before comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter in July 1994, scientists A. had been unaware of its existence. B. had been tracking it for only a few months. C. had observed its breakup into twenty-odd fragments. D. had decided it would not collide with the planet. 12. Before the comet fragments entered the atmosphere of Jupiter, they were most likely A. invisible. B. black. C. frozen. D. exploding 13. Superheated fireballs were produced as soon as the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 A. hit the surface of Jupiter. B. were pulled into Jupiter's orbit C. were ejected back through the tunnel. D. entered the atmosphere of Jupiter. 14. Which of the following is mentioned as evidence of the explosions that is still visible on Jupiter? A. Fireballs. B. Icy masses. C. Black marks. D. Tunnels. 15. Paragraph 2 discusses the impact of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 primarily in terms of A. its importance as an event of great scientific significance. B. its effect on public awareness of the possibility of damage to Earth. C. the changes it made to the surface of Jupiter. D. the effect it had on television broadcasting. Passage 3 Questions 16-20 The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in American art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting. In December of that year, a group of thirty artists gathered in the studio of John Falconer in New York City and Line drafted both a constitution and bylaws, establishing The Society for the Promotion of Painting in Water Color. In addition to securing an exhibition space in the Library Society building in lower Manhattan, the society founded a small school for the instruction of watercolor painting. Periodic exhibitions of the members' paintings also included works by noted English artists of the day, borrowed from embryonic private collections in the city. The society's activities also included organized sketching excursions along the Hudson River. Its major public exposure came in 1853, when the society presented works by its members in the "Industry of All Nations" section of the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York. The society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meeting in 1854 membership had fallen to twenty-one. The group gave up its quarters in the Library Society building and returned to Falconer's studio, where it broke up amid dissension. No further attempt to formally organize the growing numbers of watercolor painters in New York City was made for more than a decade. During that decade, though, Henry Warren's Painting in Water Color was published in New York City in 1856 --- the book was a considerable improvement over the only other manual of instruction existing at the time, Elements of Graphic Art, by Archibald Robertson, published in 1802 and by the 1850' s long out of print. In 1866 the National Academy of Design was host to an exhibition of watercolor painting in its elaborate neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City. The exhibit was sponsored by an independent group called The Artists Fund Society. Within a few months of this event, forty-two prominent artists living in and near New York City founded The American Society of Painters in Water Colors. 16. This passage is mainly about A. the most influential watercolor painters in the mid-1800s. B. efforts to organize watercolor painters in New York City during the mid-1800s. C. a famous exhibition of watercolor paintings in New York City in the mid-1800s. D. styles of watercolor painting in New York City during the mid-1800s. 17. The year 1850 was significant in the history of watercolor painting mainly because A. a group of artists established a watercolor-painting society. B. watercolor painting was first introduced to New York City. C. John Falconer established his studio for watercolor painters. D. the first book on watercolor painting was published. 18. All of the following can be inferred about the Society for the Promotion of Painting in Water Color EXCEPT that A. the society exhibited paintings in lower Manhattan. B. instruction in watercolor painting was offered by members of the society. C. the society exhibited only the paintings of its members. D. scenes of the Hudson River appeared often in the work of society members. 19. The exhibition at the Crystal Palace of the works of the Society for the Promotion of Painting in Water Color was significant for which of the following reasons? A. It resulted in a dramatic increase in the popularity of painting with watercolor. B. It was the first time an exhibition was funded by a private source. C. It was the first important exhibition of the society's work. D. It resulted in a large increase in the membership of the society. 20. Which of the following is true of watercolor painters in New York City in the late 1850s? A. They increased in number despite a lack of formal organization. B. They were unable to exhibit their paintings because of the lack of exhibition space. C. The Artists Fund Society helped them to form The American Society Painters in Water Color. D. They formed a new society because they were not allowed to join groups run by other kinds of artists. Part VI Translation (15%) Translate each of the following sentences using the word given. 我没有预料到会卷入这场争端(involve)。 洞庭湖盛产鱼虾(teem)。 徒工仔细地观察他的师傅，然后照着干(suit). 4、大家在几分钟以后才领悟他话中的含意 (sink)。 5、我不记得他是怎么说的，但我肯定他讲话的大意是那样(effect)。 6. 对贫困的担心使他忧虑重重(obsess)。 他喜欢这些聚会，在那里他有机会与年轻人交往并就各种问题交换意见(shoulder)。 我们俩谁也不善于计算数字（adept）。 9. 他似乎没有意识到他们已走得多远了(oblivious)。 10. 假使我不认罪，他们将从严惩罚我（book）。