Unit One Language Structures I have been peeling and cutting onions.: Verbs in the present perfect progressive can be used both to express the actions which began in the past and are still continuing and express the actions which have just finished and some other actions result, e.g., I have been learning English. I have been telling him not to be a fool. 2. I was queuing for the cinema when I saw a car accident. : The verb phrases in the sentence are used in a way that is different from what we have learn before. In this sentence, we have a past event taking place in a past circumstance. The past event is expressed by a simple past verb and the circumstance by a verb in the past progressive. Note the use of the connective when in the sentence. If while is used instead of when, then the word order changes, e.g., I saw a car accident while I was queuing for the cinema. A man was ferrying across a river when his sword fell into the water. 3. When I got to the cinema, the film had been showing for about ten minutes.: The verb phrase in this sentence is in the past perfect progressive. Note the difference between the present and past perfect progressive, e.g., He came back at seven. He had been waiting for her for two hours. I was wondering if I may ask you a small favour. : The past progressive is used here to express a request relating to the present and it also shows the tentativeness and politeness on the part of the speaker, e.g., I was hoping you could send me some books. Dialogues hold back: prevent the expression of ( feelings, tears, etc.), control. The boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer. They hold back some important information. Shortage of capital was a factor holding back economic development. bring back: cause to return to the mind; to return sb/sth. The photographs brought back many pleasant memories. He is very much in favor of bringing back capital punishment. track and field team: Note the difference between Chinese and English in word order, more examples, the iron and steel industry northeast --- every time I watch our athletes--- : The phrase every time is here used as a connective, introducing an adverbial clause of time, meaning whenever. midst: (used after a preposition) the middle part of sth. She appeared from the midst of the crowd. The house is set in the midst of large gardens. In the midst of sth/doing sth: while sth is happening or being done, while you are doing sth. slander n, v. slanderous a. slanderously adv. Slander: (make) false spoken statement intended to damage the good opinion people have of sb. A vicious slander on the company’s good name. He’s suing them for slander. He angrily accused the investigators of slandering both him and his family. a slanderous attack/remark/ statement 7. visual a. visually adv. Visualize v. The visual art are painting, sculpture etc. Visually the chair is pleasing, but it’s not comfortable. I remember meeting her two years ago, but can’t visualize her. She described the place carefully, and I tried to visualize it. 8. It was not until the last minute that a patriotic general donated. It be + n./pronoun./prep phrases + that (who, whom) It was last summer that I graduated from the university. It was at an evening party that I first saw her. It was not until ---- that It was not until the second act began that she came. donate v. donation n. donor (donator) n. a. We donated 10,000 Yuan to the Red Cross (for the homeless). We made a donation of 10.000 Yuan to --- He is a blood donor. donor countries make it : succeed in doing sth. make it there: succeeded in getting there. detain v. : officially prevent somebody from leaving a place, delay someone who wants to leave. The police detained the man to make further inquiries. He was detained in the office by an unexpected visitor. for no reason whatsoever: for no reason at all. Whatsoever (whatever) is an adjective placed after a noun to strongly emphasize a negative statement. He played no part whatsoever ( whatever ) in this decision. As for the working people of town and country, they had no political rights whatsoever (whatever). drop out (of ): stop attending or taking part. drop out of the course. The well-educated engineer dropped out the working world simply because he wanted to try a different way of life. due to : because of, owing to, on account of The accidents happened due to driving at high speeds. His illness was due to malnutrition. short of : lack We are short of hands. live on a near-starvation diet: have so little food to eat that they almost starved. Near here is a adjective meaning “almost” e.g., in near darkness a near disaster their efforts come to nothing: their efforts ended in failure As an artist, he’ll never come to anything; he lacks the creative fire. fall apart: break down. The chair fell apart. He fell apart after years of hard working. Reading I Pre-reading discussion: What are two kinds of football? Do you know any difference between them and what they are? Language Points: addict n. addicted a. addictive a. addict: someone who is unable to stop taking drugs, someone who spends too much time on something they like. Many heroin (drug) addicts have contracted AIDS. He is a television addict. addicted: deeply interested in and can not stop. be addicted to / addict oneself to He is addicted to smoking. The boy is addicted to computer games. addictive: Are these injections addictive? I took up skiing a couple of years ago and I found it quite addictive. 2. craze: a very popular fashion, usu. for a very short time. This toy is the latest craze. The singer is quite a craze. gain in popularity on baseball: become as popular as baseball, which is the national ball game of the Unite States. promote: attempt to sell or popularize by advertising or publicity; advance (someone) in position (opposite: demote); help something develop and be successful. The TV commercials help to promote a new product. He has been promoted to sales manager. promote growth/ prosperity/ understanding Reading II Discussion What is the main idea of the passage? where and when were the Olympic games held? How many contests were there in the first Olympics? What was it and how long did it last? Who makes the strict rule for the athletes in the Olympics? Why? What different types of games are there? Give some examples. Oral Practice Work in pairs, take turns to make and agree to a request, using the cues below. Help me to move into my new flat. Take my little sister to the clinic. Work in pairs. A makes polite requests, using the cues below. B refuses politely, using the cues in parentheses. Take my bike to be repaired. Take this parcel to the post office. Dictation Quiz. Part I. Translate the following into English. 1. 止住泪水 2. 国家田径队 3. 令人痛苦而又灰心的记忆 4. 中途退出比赛 5. 仓促训练 6. 与---相混 7. 热衷于, 着迷于 8. 花费巨大 9．相比较而言 10. 从事（工作，爱好） Part II. Translate the following into English. 他打电话来的时候我已经工作三个小时了. 我想知道您能不能帮我提下行李? 直到一位爱国将军赞助了他们的旅途费用这两位运动员才得以参加在雅典举行的奥林匹克运动会. 我生病住院时一切都乱了套. 玛丽在往楼下冲时不小心滑倒了. 6. 每当我看孩子们表演时, 就不禁回想起我在他们那么大的日子.