Unit 7 Language structures: The –ing participle used as the object of remember, forget and stop The infinitive used as the object of remember, forget and stop The infinitive used as a noun modifier preceded by for and its logical subject. The infinitive used as the postponed object in the introductory it construction. The –ing participle used as the object of a preposition. Dialogues: authentic: adj. know to be true or genuine. e.g.: The fact that the manuscript is authentic is beyond doubt. authentic news authentic signature authentic document urge: n. strong desire or impulse. e.g.: I had an urge to see him Suddenly, he felt an overwhelming urge to smoke. He suppressed an urge to laugh. be enthralled by: be interested in e.g.: The child watched, enthralled by the bright moving images. The boy was enthralled by the stories of adventure. enthralling: adj interesting, attractive, charming enthrallment: n. so ----as to: so----that e.g.: She was so na?ve as to believe his words. He worked so hard as to get a success. so as to : in order to e.g.: The test questions are kept secret, so as to prevent cheating. She dresses like that so as to everyone will notice her. look back: recall, think about the jpast. e.g.: Looking back, it’s easy to see where we went wrong. Look back to/on/upon: e.g.: She looked back on their relationship with feelings of deep regret. 6. prospect: sth. expected; a possibility e.g.: I see no prospect of his recovery. The product has cheerful/good market prospect. She’s desperate to get away too : desperate: a. very eager to do sth. e.g.: The young actor is desperate for recognition. The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. b. dangerous, very serious. e.g.: a desperate illness/situation c. ready to do anything without worrying about the danger e.g.: a desperate enemy His failure made him desperate. 8. to do justice to : treat adequately, fairly, or with full appreciation e.g.: The subject is so complex that I cannot do justice to it in a brief survey. I think the boss should do justice to every clerk. Reading 1 Pre-reading questions: What is the commonest way used to learn about the stages of intelligence in animals? Describe a subtle test on an animal’s mental ability. What evidence is there in support of the argument that monkeys can reason? Language points: tax enough attribute of the mind: make heavy demands on the abilities of the mind tax: make difficult or excessive demands upon e.g.: The boss taxed everyone’s patience. Reading in a poor light taxes the eyes. tax sb. on sth: e.g.: He is taxed on his own and his wife’s income. tax sb. with sth.: blame sb. on sth. e.g.: I taxed the grocer with having sold me defective goods. He was taxed with failure to appear on the day appointed. impose: v. place sth. on sb./sth.; to force on sth./sb. e.g.: impose a tax on imports impose duties on wines and spirits impose a false article upon a person When posed with this test: pose: a. put forward, present e.g.: The increase in student numbers poses many problems for the universities. allow me to pose a question/ an argument b. take a particular position in order to be painted e.g.: He posed an hour for his portrait. c. pretend to be e.g.: He posed as a rich man. 4. which are as far along the evolutionary road as any creature other than man: Monkey is the second highest animal to man in the evolutionary road. as---as any/ever: e.g.: She is as bright as any in the school: She is the brightest in the school. He is as great a philosopher as ever breathed. as ---as ---can be: e.g.: He is as happy as happy can be. 5. size up: form an opinion or judgment of sb. or sth. e.g.: He sized up the situation and phoned the police immediately. Reading 2 Pre-reading questions What does the word “hibernation” mean? Give examples. How do the non-hibernating animals keep warm in winter? Language points: provide sb. with sth. provide sth for sb. e.g.: He provided her family with food and clothes. / provide food and clothes for her family. Sheep provide us with wool. They are ill provided with food. are roused by a warm spell: are wakened by the warm time. spell: a short period of time e.g.: do 8 hours’ spell of duty a spell of warm weather a spell of coughing 3. means: a way, method of achieving sth. e.g.: Are there any means of getting there? by means of : with the help of e.g.: They succeeded by means of patience and sacrifice. 4. leave at the first sign of winter cold: leave immediately the winter comes. e.g.: The baby cried at the sight of its mother. He felt proud at the thought of his son’s achievement. last through/ last out: to continue for a particular period e.g.: The petrol should just about last out/through till we get to the next village. The old man is dying, he won’t last out/through the night. Additional Activities: Discuss the topic “How to look at Westernization” Dictation Quiz Part I: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. I plan to grow crops in this ________ land. (cultivate) What my grandmother told me about her grandfather is ________ story. (enthrall) He has ________ voice of young black Americans. (authentic) She was ________ to bits that he had been offered the job. (thrilling) When winter comes, many animals sleep ________ until the warmth of spring arrives. (sound) The research shows that pre-school children are capable of thinking in _____ terms. (abstract) He _______ his mother’s patience (inheritance) It’s a (n) ________ challenge to work out this question. (intellect) The ________ of the human species is a long and charming story. (evolve) My ________ reaction was to get up when the alarm clock rang. (instinct) Part II: Translate the following into English 我记得上个星期将我的工作报告交给了杰克。 2．我不会忘记做你要求做的事。 3．肯定有人会反对在西部定居。 4． 从技术的角度来看这份工作除了迪克以外没人能胜任。 5． 我真想上前向她说声对不起，请求她的原谅。 Part III: Translate the following into Chinese The commonest way that has been used to find out the relative intellectual levels of creatures t different stages of evolutionary complexity has been to study the way they behave when set different kinds of puzzles. Monkeys and chimpanzees, although they are weaker and less fierce than many other animals, possess brains which are as far along the evolutionary road as any creature other than man. 3. But evolution, although it has brought monkeys to a remarkable degree of cleverness, has stopped short at a crucial ability, the possession of which places man at a clearly superior level.