Unit 15
15.1 Language Structures
15.2 Dialogue
15.3 Reading
15.1 Language Structures
? The adverbial clause
1,of time introduced by while / as soon as / the moment /
by the time
2,of time and place introduced by whenever / wherever
of concession introduced by however
of time/ cause introduced by now that
3,of condition introduced by or else
of purpose introduced by so (that)
4,of manner introduced by as if / as though,indicating an
unreal situation
of time/ condition introduced by so long as / as long as
5,of degree introduced by so far as
of alternative condition introduced by whether…or not
? Details (Language Points)
1 quota,a stated number or amount,or a limit on numbers 指标,
限额
2 loaf (about,away),(infml) to waste time,esp,by not working
when one should
3 take…seriously
take…with a pinch of salt
4 go on with (it),to continue without stopping,or after a stop
go on doing,(without stopping) keep doing
go on to do,(after a stop) resume,start doing something again
5 so as (not) to,(a) in order (not) to; (b) in such a way to
e.g,The test questions are kept secret,so as to prevent cheating,
The day was dark,so as to make a good photograph hard to
get,
6 as if/ as though,(a) unreal condition (so called subjunctive mood)
? opposite to present fact,past tense
? opposite to past fact,past perfect
? concerning future (little possibility),would/ could/
might do
(b) possible facts or real,declarative
e.g,She looks as if/ though she were sick
I felt /feel as if we had known each other for years,
It looks as if it might rain,
The meat tastes as if it has gone bad,
7 or else,or,otherwise 否则
8 innocent,guiltless
9 be /feel ashamed of,feeling guilt / sorrow (at)
10 insist on (sth,doing sth),to declare firmly
11 so/ as long as,if,on condition that
e.g,You can go out,as long as you promise to be back before
11 o’clock,
12 in any case,whatever happens
e.g,In any case,catch the train tomorrow,
15.2 Dialogue
Dialogue 1 A Beijing Opera Fan
1 boom,a rapid growth or increase
e.g,How long can the present business boom last?
2 You always keep your eyes open,you’re really sensitive to the
situation/ the changes,
3 profit by/ from,[v,prep.] to learn or gain advantage from (sth/
doing sth)
profit,(fml) (of a thing) to be of service,use,or advantage to (sb
or sth)
e.g,You can profit by my mistakes and avoid them yourself,
It will profit you nothing to do that,
4 You bet I have,(slang) You can be sure; Certainly,
5 The deafening gongs and cymbals drove me nuts,
gongs (铜锣 ),cymbals (铙钹 ),two kinds of music instruments
nuts,(adj,infml) mad,crazy ? drive sb nuts
? The gongs and cymbals gave so high a sound,nearly
deafening,that they made me crazy / mad,
6 (be) obsessed with,having something occupying one’s mind;
thinking of something for a long time
e.g,Many college students are obsessed with computer games,
7 take a fancy to something,like sth without the help of reason
fancy,a liking formed without the help of reason
8 in this respect,(here) concerning (Beijing opera)
9 mime,the imaginary movement; acting 10 stoop,to bend作势、
模拟动作、（唱念做打）做打
(the head and shoulders) forward and down
11 flick,to strike with a light quick blow 挥、扬
12 make… of somebody/ somebody something, to form (into to
from) 造就、磨炼（成）
e.g,Experience has made him a man,
The Navy has made a man of him,
Dialogue 2 Purposes & Predictions
13 What’s the point/ idea of doing…?
point,[u] the idea contained in something said or done,which
gives meaning to the whole
14 antiseptic cream,消毒霜、消毒剂
15 sticking plaster,橡皮膏（药）
16 take up,occupy
17 room,space
15.3 Reading A Freeze at Hand 清风在手
中国是世界上最早使用扇子的国家，并逐渐传入日本和欧洲的许多
国家。扇子的历史源远流长，它可上溯到远古的虞舜时代，晋人的
《古今注》中记载：“舜广开视听，求贤人自辅，作五明。”明人
也有“舜始造扇”的记载，说明舜帝时就已经有扇子了。
据考古发现，四川成都出土的战国铜壶刻有一个仆人手执长柄扇替
主人扇风的图案，这是目前发现较早的扇子形象。汉末到魏晋南北
朝出现了用动物尾毛做成的拂尘，谓之“毛扇”。而另一种以禽类
羽毛制成的羽毛扇，质地洁白，毛绒柔软，轻飘舒适。江南地区以
白鹅羽毛制成的羽扇最为著名，多作为贡品进贡朝廷。到了汉代，
丝织业开始发展，出现了“纨扇”，因用洁白细绢制成，故又称之
“绢扇”。制作除了用绢外，材料也可用绫、罗、纱等丝织品，又
因其“团团如明月”，也称为“团扇”。此形式的扇子深受中国古
代妇女青睐，作为一种主流而大为发展，它在结构和装饰上力求精
致、华丽、情趣和小巧，外形上有椭圆、海棠、长方、曲线等形状。
此扇有的以檀香木制成，一扇在手，芬芳四溢，神思清爽，极具情
调。大约在宋朝时出现了今日常见的折扇，因其可折叠，故又称折
叠扇。折扇方便实用，在民间中广为流传。
淑女们手上总少不了扇子。隐藏在绘有精美花样的扇子后半露出的
面孔，就像云层中探头的月亮，充满神秘的美感，扇起风情无限。
Language Points,
1 many a (+ n [singular]),more than a few
e.g,No doubts she had many a tale to tell of the old days,
Many a little/ pickle makes a mickle,
2 perspire,sweat
-spir-,-spirat-,[Latin root],to breathe”
spirit,(literally,“breath,breath of a god”) soul,mind; ghost; (pl)
state of min’; strong alcoholic drink 精神；神灵；情绪；烈酒
aspire,[~ to/ after/ to do] (to breathe towards/ upon) to direct
one’s hopes or efforts to some important aim 渴望、追求
conspire,(to breathe together) to plan together secretly; to act
together 密谋；协力促成
expire,(to breathe one’s last) to come to an end; run out 期满
inspire,(to breathe religious or divine feeling into) to put uplifting
thoughts,feelings or aims into; to fill with creative power 激励
perspire,(to breathe through) to sweat 出汗
respire,(to breathe back or again) to breathe; breathe in and out
transpire,蒸发
dispirit:使气馁
3 a folding lace fan,a foldable fan with laces 花边折叠扇子
4 scene,[AmE,infml,singular] a situation
be/ come on the ~,to start to exist or get involved in a situation
disappear from the ~,disappear from the existing situation
5 which has always been a great home of the fan,where the fan
was made first 发源地；故乡
6 smart shops,where something fashionable is sold for rich
people 时尚店、精品店
? smart house 智能建筑
7 severe,(here) simple; very plain and without decoration 朴实无华
8 courtier,someone who has an official position at the court of a
king or queen,or who spends time there 朝臣，仆从
9 porch,(AmE,veranda) an entrance; a passage with ceiling
/roofed to a house or church 过厅；游廊
10 frame,(v) to act as a setting or background to 陪村；装点
11 shadow-box,shallow case for displaying things 展示柜 ;博古架
12 Chances are that…,It is probable/ likely that …
13 whisk,to move sth quickly,esp,so as to brush sth off 赶,拂
14 a palm leaf,棕榈叶 ? 棕叶扇,蒲叶扇
15 smouldering wood,burning wood without flamme
16 vannus,[Latin] a basket of special shape 簸箕,撮箕 ?李尤,<
箕铭 >,箕主簸扬,糠秕乃陈,
17 winnow,to blow the outer parts (tusks) from grain簸,扬
18 chaff,the outer seed covers 秕糠,糠壳
19 Assyrians,[亚述人 ] Assyria,[亚述古国 ] an ancient kingdom in
N,Mesopotamia lying mainly between the Tigris and Euphrates
20 where,in such a situation
21 (be/ come) under attack,(to meet with) strong criticism; an
attempt to defeat an enemy,using weapons
22 alike,[adv] in the same way; (two things or persons) equally
e.g,Not everyone acts or thinks alike,
It’s a show that appeals to young and old alike,
[adj] [never before noun] similar in some way
e.g,The two versions of the text are alike in many ways,
23 royal wills,royal orders / commands
24 de-fly,to remove flies from
prefix de-,[v,n ? v] to reduce,remove,do the opposite of
deactivate,debone,devalue,detrain,dethrone…
25 went straight to a man’s heart,moved the man easily
26 flutter,[n] quick movement; up and down movement
27 intrigue,a secret plan or activity between 2 or more people
28 a woman’s implement,a tool/ simple piece of instrument
29 dramatize,to make…attracting/ attractive
30 figure,to be an important part of something
e.g,Marriage does not figure in their plans,
31 Shakespeare,William,English poet and dramatist
considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)
the Arabian Nights,“The Sleeper Awakened”,Abou Hassan
Ovid,Originally Publius Ovidius Naso,43 b.c.-a.d,17,
Roman poet known for his explorations of love,especially the Art
of Love (c,1 b.c.) and Metamorphoses (c,a.d,8),
32 his beloved,his sweet-heart
33,Dost thou wish that a gentle breeze cool the heat of thy
cheeks? This leaf,waved by hand,will afford thee this pleasure.”
可曾想，一缕清风拂面？我愿轻摇手中叶，送你凉爽
34 war fan,A fan carried by Samurai warriors with outer sticks
of iron and inner ones of a yellow metal,It was carried at the
waist or hung upon a ring fastened to the upper part of the
breast plate or on the cords of the armour opening,Carrying the
war fan on the breast plate could prove awkward in battle as it
hampered the use of sword or bow,Fans were carried by
officers of high rank and used to fend off arrows and stones and
as a sunshade when looking across a battlefield,
铁骨扇
扇子,奇門兵器，是南方
洪家武術兵器之一。 勁道
大多取自鶴形拳，用法多
以點勁為主。 用法有劈、
剌、撞、帶、絞、圈、掃
等。 由於兵器伸縮自如，
輕巧，攜帶方便，所以一
般年輕人及女孩子比較喜
歡。 這種兵器作用在於瞬
間力道，握法及攻擊部位
也十分的重要，如同點穴
手法,十分深奧又可出奇
致勝。
34 iron-and-leather fans 铁骨皮扇
35 in reverence,with great respect and admiration
36 therapy,treatment function; activity that makes sb happy or
helps sb to deal with problems
37 a breeze on a hilltop,a cooling wind across a desert on a hot
day,or a rush of salty air across a ship’s rolling deck,The 3 noun
phrases function as prepositional objects of,to” in the sentence
“when they turn their head to”
38 to blow/ clear the cobwebs away,(infml) to make (something
or someone) fresher,clearer,or better; to make someone more
lively and think more clearly
15.1 Language Structures
15.2 Dialogue
15.3 Reading
15.1 Language Structures
? The adverbial clause
1,of time introduced by while / as soon as / the moment /
by the time
2,of time and place introduced by whenever / wherever
of concession introduced by however
of time/ cause introduced by now that
3,of condition introduced by or else
of purpose introduced by so (that)
4,of manner introduced by as if / as though,indicating an
unreal situation
of time/ condition introduced by so long as / as long as
5,of degree introduced by so far as
of alternative condition introduced by whether…or not
? Details (Language Points)
1 quota,a stated number or amount,or a limit on numbers 指标,
限额
2 loaf (about,away),(infml) to waste time,esp,by not working
when one should
3 take…seriously
take…with a pinch of salt
4 go on with (it),to continue without stopping,or after a stop
go on doing,(without stopping) keep doing
go on to do,(after a stop) resume,start doing something again
5 so as (not) to,(a) in order (not) to; (b) in such a way to
e.g,The test questions are kept secret,so as to prevent cheating,
The day was dark,so as to make a good photograph hard to
get,
6 as if/ as though,(a) unreal condition (so called subjunctive mood)
? opposite to present fact,past tense
? opposite to past fact,past perfect
? concerning future (little possibility),would/ could/
might do
(b) possible facts or real,declarative
e.g,She looks as if/ though she were sick
I felt /feel as if we had known each other for years,
It looks as if it might rain,
The meat tastes as if it has gone bad,
7 or else,or,otherwise 否则
8 innocent,guiltless
9 be /feel ashamed of,feeling guilt / sorrow (at)
10 insist on (sth,doing sth),to declare firmly
11 so/ as long as,if,on condition that
e.g,You can go out,as long as you promise to be back before
11 o’clock,
12 in any case,whatever happens
e.g,In any case,catch the train tomorrow,
15.2 Dialogue
Dialogue 1 A Beijing Opera Fan
1 boom,a rapid growth or increase
e.g,How long can the present business boom last?
2 You always keep your eyes open,you’re really sensitive to the
situation/ the changes,
3 profit by/ from,[v,prep.] to learn or gain advantage from (sth/
doing sth)
profit,(fml) (of a thing) to be of service,use,or advantage to (sb
or sth)
e.g,You can profit by my mistakes and avoid them yourself,
It will profit you nothing to do that,
4 You bet I have,(slang) You can be sure; Certainly,
5 The deafening gongs and cymbals drove me nuts,
gongs (铜锣 ),cymbals (铙钹 ),two kinds of music instruments
nuts,(adj,infml) mad,crazy ? drive sb nuts
? The gongs and cymbals gave so high a sound,nearly
deafening,that they made me crazy / mad,
6 (be) obsessed with,having something occupying one’s mind;
thinking of something for a long time
e.g,Many college students are obsessed with computer games,
7 take a fancy to something,like sth without the help of reason
fancy,a liking formed without the help of reason
8 in this respect,(here) concerning (Beijing opera)
9 mime,the imaginary movement; acting 10 stoop,to bend作势、
模拟动作、（唱念做打）做打
(the head and shoulders) forward and down
11 flick,to strike with a light quick blow 挥、扬
12 make… of somebody/ somebody something, to form (into to
from) 造就、磨炼（成）
e.g,Experience has made him a man,
The Navy has made a man of him,
Dialogue 2 Purposes & Predictions
13 What’s the point/ idea of doing…?
point,[u] the idea contained in something said or done,which
gives meaning to the whole
14 antiseptic cream,消毒霜、消毒剂
15 sticking plaster,橡皮膏（药）
16 take up,occupy
17 room,space
15.3 Reading A Freeze at Hand 清风在手
中国是世界上最早使用扇子的国家，并逐渐传入日本和欧洲的许多
国家。扇子的历史源远流长，它可上溯到远古的虞舜时代，晋人的
《古今注》中记载：“舜广开视听，求贤人自辅，作五明。”明人
也有“舜始造扇”的记载，说明舜帝时就已经有扇子了。
据考古发现，四川成都出土的战国铜壶刻有一个仆人手执长柄扇替
主人扇风的图案，这是目前发现较早的扇子形象。汉末到魏晋南北
朝出现了用动物尾毛做成的拂尘，谓之“毛扇”。而另一种以禽类
羽毛制成的羽毛扇，质地洁白，毛绒柔软，轻飘舒适。江南地区以
白鹅羽毛制成的羽扇最为著名，多作为贡品进贡朝廷。到了汉代，
丝织业开始发展，出现了“纨扇”，因用洁白细绢制成，故又称之
“绢扇”。制作除了用绢外，材料也可用绫、罗、纱等丝织品，又
因其“团团如明月”，也称为“团扇”。此形式的扇子深受中国古
代妇女青睐，作为一种主流而大为发展，它在结构和装饰上力求精
致、华丽、情趣和小巧，外形上有椭圆、海棠、长方、曲线等形状。
此扇有的以檀香木制成，一扇在手，芬芳四溢，神思清爽，极具情
调。大约在宋朝时出现了今日常见的折扇，因其可折叠，故又称折
叠扇。折扇方便实用，在民间中广为流传。
淑女们手上总少不了扇子。隐藏在绘有精美花样的扇子后半露出的
面孔，就像云层中探头的月亮，充满神秘的美感，扇起风情无限。
Language Points,
1 many a (+ n [singular]),more than a few
e.g,No doubts she had many a tale to tell of the old days,
Many a little/ pickle makes a mickle,
2 perspire,sweat
-spir-,-spirat-,[Latin root],to breathe”
spirit,(literally,“breath,breath of a god”) soul,mind; ghost; (pl)
state of min’; strong alcoholic drink 精神；神灵；情绪；烈酒
aspire,[~ to/ after/ to do] (to breathe towards/ upon) to direct
one’s hopes or efforts to some important aim 渴望、追求
conspire,(to breathe together) to plan together secretly; to act
together 密谋；协力促成
expire,(to breathe one’s last) to come to an end; run out 期满
inspire,(to breathe religious or divine feeling into) to put uplifting
thoughts,feelings or aims into; to fill with creative power 激励
perspire,(to breathe through) to sweat 出汗
respire,(to breathe back or again) to breathe; breathe in and out
transpire,蒸发
dispirit:使气馁
3 a folding lace fan,a foldable fan with laces 花边折叠扇子
4 scene,[AmE,infml,singular] a situation
be/ come on the ~,to start to exist or get involved in a situation
disappear from the ~,disappear from the existing situation
5 which has always been a great home of the fan,where the fan
was made first 发源地；故乡
6 smart shops,where something fashionable is sold for rich
people 时尚店、精品店
? smart house 智能建筑
7 severe,(here) simple; very plain and without decoration 朴实无华
8 courtier,someone who has an official position at the court of a
king or queen,or who spends time there 朝臣，仆从
9 porch,(AmE,veranda) an entrance; a passage with ceiling
/roofed to a house or church 过厅；游廊
10 frame,(v) to act as a setting or background to 陪村；装点
11 shadow-box,shallow case for displaying things 展示柜 ;博古架
12 Chances are that…,It is probable/ likely that …
13 whisk,to move sth quickly,esp,so as to brush sth off 赶,拂
14 a palm leaf,棕榈叶 ? 棕叶扇,蒲叶扇
15 smouldering wood,burning wood without flamme
16 vannus,[Latin] a basket of special shape 簸箕,撮箕 ?李尤,<
箕铭 >,箕主簸扬,糠秕乃陈,
17 winnow,to blow the outer parts (tusks) from grain簸,扬
18 chaff,the outer seed covers 秕糠,糠壳
19 Assyrians,[亚述人 ] Assyria,[亚述古国 ] an ancient kingdom in
N,Mesopotamia lying mainly between the Tigris and Euphrates
20 where,in such a situation
21 (be/ come) under attack,(to meet with) strong criticism; an
attempt to defeat an enemy,using weapons
22 alike,[adv] in the same way; (two things or persons) equally
e.g,Not everyone acts or thinks alike,
It’s a show that appeals to young and old alike,
[adj] [never before noun] similar in some way
e.g,The two versions of the text are alike in many ways,
23 royal wills,royal orders / commands
24 de-fly,to remove flies from
prefix de-,[v,n ? v] to reduce,remove,do the opposite of
deactivate,debone,devalue,detrain,dethrone…
25 went straight to a man’s heart,moved the man easily
26 flutter,[n] quick movement; up and down movement
27 intrigue,a secret plan or activity between 2 or more people
28 a woman’s implement,a tool/ simple piece of instrument
29 dramatize,to make…attracting/ attractive
30 figure,to be an important part of something
e.g,Marriage does not figure in their plans,
31 Shakespeare,William,English poet and dramatist
considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)
the Arabian Nights,“The Sleeper Awakened”,Abou Hassan
Ovid,Originally Publius Ovidius Naso,43 b.c.-a.d,17,
Roman poet known for his explorations of love,especially the Art
of Love (c,1 b.c.) and Metamorphoses (c,a.d,8),
32 his beloved,his sweet-heart
33,Dost thou wish that a gentle breeze cool the heat of thy
cheeks? This leaf,waved by hand,will afford thee this pleasure.”
可曾想，一缕清风拂面？我愿轻摇手中叶，送你凉爽
34 war fan,A fan carried by Samurai warriors with outer sticks
of iron and inner ones of a yellow metal,It was carried at the
waist or hung upon a ring fastened to the upper part of the
breast plate or on the cords of the armour opening,Carrying the
war fan on the breast plate could prove awkward in battle as it
hampered the use of sword or bow,Fans were carried by
officers of high rank and used to fend off arrows and stones and
as a sunshade when looking across a battlefield,
铁骨扇
扇子,奇門兵器，是南方
洪家武術兵器之一。 勁道
大多取自鶴形拳，用法多
以點勁為主。 用法有劈、
剌、撞、帶、絞、圈、掃
等。 由於兵器伸縮自如，
輕巧，攜帶方便，所以一
般年輕人及女孩子比較喜
歡。 這種兵器作用在於瞬
間力道，握法及攻擊部位
也十分的重要，如同點穴
手法,十分深奧又可出奇
致勝。
34 iron-and-leather fans 铁骨皮扇
35 in reverence,with great respect and admiration
36 therapy,treatment function; activity that makes sb happy or
helps sb to deal with problems
37 a breeze on a hilltop,a cooling wind across a desert on a hot
day,or a rush of salty air across a ship’s rolling deck,The 3 noun
phrases function as prepositional objects of,to” in the sentence
“when they turn their head to”
38 to blow/ clear the cobwebs away,(infml) to make (something
or someone) fresher,clearer,or better; to make someone more
lively and think more clearly
