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Passage A
Passage B
Passage A
? Think About It
? Read About It
? Talk About It
? Write About It
1,Have you or your friend ever been cheated by a manufacturer?
Describe your experience to your partner,
Reference,
Yes,Last year I planned to buy a computer so I could surf the net,I
want to find a cheap one that’s attractive and easy to use,I found
one which seemed very good and catered for the needs of a
college student,The ads on the net boasted several unique
functions,and good after sale service,But when I bought it,I
found this was not the case,The guarantee for good service
disappeared and the claimed unique functions were simply
illusions,
2,What do you know about business ethics?
Business Ethics is a system of accepted beliefs in
business,which governs the conduct of people in
doing business based on the moral values,
Reference,
3,Some people think that fraud and business are twins,
What is your opinion? Think of at least three reasons to
support your idea and discuss the topic with your partner,
Reference,
In my opinion,the claim is partly right,Everything
has two sides,Sometimes fraud and business are
indeed twins,because some businesspeople
think they can’t make money without cheating,If
you cheat people,people will cheat you,However,
there are other people who do not agree,They
keep to the motto,Honesty is the best policy,
Read About It
? Language Points
? Content Awareness
? Language Focus
As for the moral advantage in business,of all places,everyone
knows a modicum of ethics is called for in any business — you
can’t cheat your customers forever and get away with it,But
wouldn't it be more advantageous if you actually could get away
with it? Profits would soar out of sight! Then you would really
have an advantage,or so the thinking might go,
The Moral Advantage
How to succeed in business by doing the right thing
The notion of seeking the moral
advantage is a new way of thinking
about ethics and virtue in business,an
approach that does not accept the need
for trade-offs between ambition and
conscience,Far from obstructing the
drive for success,a sense of moral purpose can help individuals
and companies achieve at the highest — and most profitable —
levels,
Cynicism dominates our attitudes about what it takes to
succeed in business,A common way of thinking about morality
in business goes something like this,
Ethical conduct is an unpleasant medicine that society
forces down business people's throats to protect the public
interest from business avarice,
Morality gets in the way of the cold,hard actions truly
ambitious people must take to reach their goals,
Moneymaking is inevitably tainted by greed,deceit,and
exploitation,
The quest for profits stands in opposition to everything that
is moral,fair,decent,and charitable,
Skepticism about moneymaking goes back a long way,The
Bible warns that it's harder for a rich man to enter the kingdom
of heaven than for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle,
―Behind every great fortune,‖ wrote French novelist Honoré de
Balzac1 in the 1800s,―lies a great crime.‖ British author G,K,
Chesterton sounded the same theme in the early 20th century,
noting that a businessman ―is the only man who is forever
apologizing for his occupation.‖
The contemporary media often characterize business as nothing
more than a self-serving exercise in greed,carried out in as
corrupt and ruthless a manner as possible,In television and
movies,moneymaking in business is tainted by avarice,
exploitation,or downright villainy,The unflattering portrayals
have become even more pointed over time,In 1969,the
businessman in Philip Roth's Goodbye,Columbus advises the
story’s protagonist,―To get by in business,you’ve got to be a bit
of a thief.‖ He seems like a benignly wise,paternal figure
compared with Wall Street's 1980s icon,Gordon Gekko4,whose
immortal words were ―Greed is good.‖
Yet some important observers of business see things differently,
Widely read gurus such as Stephen Covey5 and Tom Peters5
point to the practical utility of moral virtues such as compassion,
responsibility,fairness,and honesty,They suggest that virtue is
an essential ingredient in the recipe for success,and that moral
standards are not merely commendable choices but necessary
components of a thriving business career,This is a frequent
theme in commencement addresses and other personal
testimonials,Virtuous behavior advances a career in the long
run by building trust and reputation,whereas ethical
shortcomings eventually derail careers,The humorist Dorothy
Parker captured this idea in one of her signature quips,―Time
wounds all heels.‖
So who's right — those who believe that morality and business
are mutually exclusive,or those who believe they reinforce one
another? Do nice guys finish last,or are those who advocate
doing well by doing good the real winners? Is the business
world a den of thievery or a haven for upstanding citizens?
With colleagues Howard Gardner at Harvard University
and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi at Claremont Graduate
University,I’ve examined this question by interviewing 40 top
business leaders,such as McDonald’s CEO Jack Greenberg and
the late Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham,
between 1998 and 2000 as part of our joint ―Project on Good
Work.‖ We found that a strong sense of moral purpose not only
promotes a business career but also provides a telling
advantage in the quest to build a thriving enterprise,In fact,a
sense of moral purpose stands at the center of all successful
business innovations,Far from being a constraining force that
merely
keeps people honest and out of trouble,morality creates a fertile
source of business motivation,inspiration,and innovation,
This is different from the view of morality you'll encounter
in a typical business-ethics course,It's so different that I now
speak about moralities,in the plural,when discussing the role
of virtue and ethics in business,Morality in business has three
distinct faces,each playing its own special role in ensuring
business success,
(756 words)
a modicum of
— a little of; a few of
Examples
? There is not even a modicum of truth in this statement,
? Anyone with a modicum of common sense could have
seen that the plan wouldn’t work,
get away with
— to escape； to run away from
Examples
? I’ll get away from work as soon as possible,
? He had a car accident,Fortunately,he got away with it,
obstruct v,
— to block； to get in the way,
Example
? After the earthquake many roads were obstructed by
collapsed buildings,
? Conservatives have been obstructing reform for years,
? Her view of the stage was obstructed by a pillar,
avarice n,
— greed
Example
? I am rich beyond the dreams of avarice,
? She earned wealth beyond the dreams of avarice( =an
extremely large amount of money) from her business
empire,
inevitably adv,
— unavoidably
Examples
? This decision will inevitably result in more crimes and more
victims,
decent adj,
— right and suitable; respectable
Examples
? Everyone should be entitled to a decent wage/standard of
living and a decent home,
? I thought he was a decent sort of person,
corrupt adj,
— 1) immoral
Examples
? The whole system was corrupt---every official she
approached wanted money before helping her,
? Both companies are under investigation for corrupt
practices,
More to learn
corrupt v,
— 2) become immoral,dishonest
Example
? When he started his career he was an honest and decent
young man but power had corrupted him over the years,
? She claimed that so much sex and violence on the
television corrupted the young,innocent mind,
downright adj,
— complete
Examples
? She’s being downright difficult and obstructive,
? These working conditions are unhealthy,if not downright
(=and probably extremely) dangerous,
villainy n,
— a bad or criminal behavior or act
Example
? I wouldn’t have thought she was capable of such villainy,
? Charlie strongly denied the acts of villainy of which he was
accused,such as forcing people to watch while he
smashed up their homes,
utility n,
— usefulness
Example
? The utility of the rescue equipment has still to be assessed
in a real emergency,
? Different tax arrangements apply to public utilities,
compassion n,
— pity
Example
?,I understand how difficult it must be for you”,she said
with compassion,
? The government hasn’t shown much compassion for the
sufferers,
commendable adj,
— worthy of praise
Example
? She rescued a child who fell into the lake,Her action was
commendable,
in the long run
— ultimately
Example
? My mother always told me that in the long run I would be
glad I didn’t give up the piano,
? This may save money in the short run,but it’s going to be
expensive in the long run,
reputation n,
Examples
? She has the reputation of being a good doctor,
? The company has a worldwide reputation for quality,
quip n,
— witty remark
Example
? It was Oscar Wilde who made the famous quip about life,
in the end,mimicking art,
? When asked earlier why he seemed to be so relaxed,Mr,
McCarthy said quipped:,It’s the drugs.”
exclusive adj,
— 1) not including
Example
? The newspaper published an exclusive about the escape,
— 2) newspaper story published by only one newspaper,
Example
? The newspaper published an exclusive report about
the escape,
— 3) not readily admitting new members
Example
? He belongs to an exclusive club reserved for
millionaires and their spouse,
advocate v,
— to support
Examples
? She advocates taking a more long-term view,
? He advocates the return of capital punishment,
in the quest to
— in search for
Example
? She does aerobics four times a week in her quest to
achieve the perfect body,
… you can't cheat your customers forever and
get away with it,
… if you keep trying to deceive your customers
they will find out,
Paraphrase
get away with
— to escape； to run away from
Examples
? I’ll get away from work as soon as possible,
? He had a car accident,Fortunately,he got away with it,
But wouldn't it be more advantageous if you
actually could get away with it? Profits would
soar out of sight!
Wouldn’t it be better if you really run away from
it? You would so much money,
Paraphrase
The contemporary media often characterize
business as nothing more than a self-serving
exercise in greed,carried out in as corrupt and
ruthless a manner as possible,
The modern press often describes business as
a greedy activity,done in corrupt and fierce
manner,
Paraphrase
CF,corrupt
Far from being a constraining force that merely
keeps people honest and out of trouble,morality
creates a fertile source of business motivation,
inspiration,and innovation,
Business ethics are not only a constraining force
to keep people honest,but also a rich source of
business motivation,inspiration and innovation,
Paraphrase
Content Awareness
? Read and Think (Ex,2)
? Read and Complete (Ex,3)
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
1,What is the cynical attitude toward business morality? And
what is the skeptical one?
Moneymaking is inevitably tainted by greed,deceit,
and exploitation,/ Behind every great fortune lies a
great crime,
Reference,
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
2,Why does the author mention The Bible in paragraph
8?
To show that immoral moneymaking goes back a long
way,
Reference,
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
3,How do the contemporary media define business？
As greedy,corrupt and ruthless,
Reference,
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
4,What do Stephen Covery and Tom Peters think of
business morality？
Moral virtue is essential for success in business,
Reference,
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
5,What’s the author’s attitude toward morality in
business?
Against the traditional view and in favor of creating a
new morality norms in business,
Reference,
Ex,3 Read the passage carefully and decide whether the
following statements are True (T) or False ( F),
1,You can’t cheat your customers forever without being noticed by
people,
2,Seeking moral advantage can help people succeed in business,
3,Honesty in business may help make profits at last,
4,The author thinks that seeking for profits may inevitably cheat
people or be dishonest in business,
T
T
T
F
Ex,3 Read the passage carefully and decide whether the
following statements are True (T) or False ( F),
5,Skepticism had the idea that,no cheating,no business” in
business trade,
6,Other famous experts may have different ideas about business
and think the morality is essential part in business,
7,Columbus,a character in the Philip Roth’s play,believes that no
businessmen are honest,
8,The modern media often describes the business as a dishonest
deed,
T
T
T
T
Ex,3 Read the passage carefully and decide whether the
following statements are True (T) or False ( F),
9,Different people have different ideas about the business morality
and each explains business morality at his/her angle,
10,Business morality is far different from morality in daily life,
T
T
Language Focus
? Vocabulary (Ex,4)
? Phrases (Ex,5)
? Read and Translate (Ex,6)
? Read and Simulate (Ex,7)
1,I have to question the of forcing poor people to
pay for their medical treatment,
? morality
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
2,Nothing will stop them in their for truth,
? quest
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
3,I think the way she’s been treated is a(n) disgrace,
? downright
4,He taking a more long-term view,
? advocated
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
5,This writer,as well as his ______,was interested in
the same subjects,
? contemporaries
6,She says he’ll come back,but she’s herself,
? deceiving
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
7,Some people believe that football clubs are
sometimes motivated by,
? avarice
8,He got ten years in prison for withholding evidence
and the course of justice,
? obstructing
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
9,Two of the soldiers were killed and the rest were,
? captured
10,A guilty prevented her from sleeping at night,
? conscience
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
1,After a few years as a doctor he left the profession and ______
journalism,
? took to
2,His family to the time of the Norman Conquest,
? goes back
Ex,5 Complete the following sentences with phases or expressions
given below,Change the form where necessary,
3,It is often easier to make plans than to them,
? carry … out
4,In defence of his policy,the Minister _____ the sharp
decrease in road deaths,
? pointed to
Ex,5 Complete the following sentences with phases or expressions
given below,Change the form where necessary,
5,The unions are the government over the
issue of privatization,
? in opposition to
Ex,5 Complete the following sentences with phases or expressions
given below,Change the form where necessary,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
1.他们登上的飞机起飞后立刻就消失了 。 （ soar,out of sight）
The airplane they
aboard took off
The airplane they boarded soared out of sight as soon
as it took off,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
2.在会上,双方展开了激烈的争论, 改革派提出许多改革措施,
而保守派反对提出的改革建议 (in opposition to)
hot debate put forward many reforming
measures
At the meeting,the two sides had a very hot debate,The
reformers put forward many reforming measures,but
conservatives were in opposition to the proposed
changes,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
3,从长远看,我们必须学习更多的科技知识, 除了我们的专业
课程之外, 懂得计算机, 英语和驾驶是我们工作中必不可少
的 。 (in a long run)
Major subjects
In the long run,we should learn more about science
and technology,Besides the major subjects,the
knowledge of computers,English and driving is
necessary in our work,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
4.为练成完美的体型,她每周做四次健身操 。 (in quest)
perfect body
gymnastic exercises
She does gymnastic exercises four times a week in quest
to achieve the perfect body,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
5,早上许多老人在公园里一面锻炼身体, 一面摆龙门阵 。
(participle as adverbial)
do physical exercises chat with each other
Every the morning in the park,some old people are doing
physical exercises there,chatting with each other at the
same time,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
1,A common way of thinking about morality goes
something like this,
_______________________________goes something like
this,
His solution to the problem goes something like this,
Reference,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
2,The contemporary media often characterize business
as nothing more than a self-serving exercise in greed,
carried out in as corrupt and ruthless a manner as
possible,
In her essay,she characterizes_________________as
________________________________,
In her essay,she characterizes the whole era as a period
of radical change,
Reference,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
3,In fact,a sense of moral purpose stands at the center
of all successful business innovation,
______________ stands at the center of ______________
Actually,as we know,the advancement of technology
stands at the center of economic grown,
Reference,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
4,It’s so different that I now speak about moralities,in the
plural,when discussing the role of virtue and ethics in
business.,
_____________ so _____________ that _____________,
The subject is so difficult that we cannot understand
anything of it,
Reference,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
5,Morality in business has three distinct faces,each playing
its own special role in ensuring business success,
______________________,each playing its own special role
in____________________________________,
The investigation committee consists of four groups,each
playing its own special role in implementing the
investigation,
Reference,
Work in pairs to discuss or debate the topic,Does
honesty pay off,
Honesty is the most important ethical principle for people to follow
in society,However,now many people do things with dishonesty,
They think cheating is the easy way to get success in business,
learning,or social life,People with honesty are regarded as foolish
people,Do you agree with them? Now work in pairs to discuss or
debate on the topic:,DOES HONESTY PAY OFF?”,Suppose you are
a college student and are given an open test with the teacher’s trust,
Ask your teacher,if cheating happens,what he will do,
Work in pairs to discuss or debate the topic,Does
honesty pay off,
Words and phrases likely to be used
self-discipline
self-worth
Ethical
prevent injustice
Pledge
committing to pursue honesty
integrity
Reference
Work in pairs to discuss or debate the topic,Does
honesty pay off,
Sentence patterns likely to be used
?I’m trusting you…
?One day in the business world,you will be on your own
? to be honest …
?if I get someone to help me,I’ll get a better grade,and you will never
know that I cheated
?… but you will feel quite guilty later for what you have done,
?integrity is far better than riches or fame,
?You can lose your money and then gain it back again,but you can never
regain your integrity and your good name once it is lost,
Dr,Smith,I’m going to give you all a test to complete over the
weekend,
Frank,Can we get help from our classmates?
Dr,Smith,No,I’m trusting you to work alone,Each of you has a
moral conscience,so you don’t need someone to
monitor you,One day in the business world,you will be
honest on your own,
Frank,Dr,Smith,if I get someone to help me,I’ll get a better
grade,and you will never know that I cheated,
Dr,Smith:I know,However,I want to teach you all self-discipline and
self-worth,If you cheat,you might receive a better grade,
but you will feel quite guilty later for what you have done,
Frank,I’ll be honest because I know it’s the ethical thing to do,
Doesn’t our student code of conduct talk about honesty?
Dr,Smith,It does,It says that each student should work to prevent
injustice in both his own actions and in the actions of
others,You signed that pledge when you started school
here,committing to pursue honesty,We should be
honest,simply because it’s the right thing to do,
Frank,I think honesty will also make me a better employee one
day,
Dr,Smith,Frank,integrity is far better than riches or fame,You can
lose your money and then gain it back again,but you
can never regain your integrity and your good name
once it is lost,
Frank,Thank you for trusting us,Dr,Smith,
Write a composition to illustrate the importance of
business ethics,Your writing may be based on the
following outlines in Chinese,
1．商业道德需要诚信和信息公开。
2．关键是建立一种管理机制。
3．建立良好的商业道德已是当务之急。
4．要处理好商业利润与商业道德之间的矛盾。
Reference
Reference,
Business Ethics
Creating and sustaining an ethical corporation isn’t as
difficult as you might think; it’s actually easier than some of
the day-to-day business challenges you face,The keys to
running an ethical company are accountability,honesty,and
information transparency,
Corporations aren't ethical or evil in and of themselves —
but people can be,So ethics must focus on you and the people
you work with,Most people want to do the right thing,but
organizational structure does not guarantee they will do the
right thing,without meaning to or even knowing it,
Structuring an ethical corporation makes the goal easier to
achieve,
Reference,
The challenge could not be more urgent,A substantial
majority of people in China are dissatisfied with the social
behavior of our corporations,say several recent news reports,
Poor treatment of workers at home and abroad,products that
don’t perform as advertised,fake commodities,poor customer
service,environmental pollution,to mention a few,
Responsible behavior is important to your business success,
but let’s not forget that you’re in business—you’re not out to
solve the world’s problems,So how do you balance the two?
What does it mean to be ethical in business?
Reference,
It simply requires that you follow your best moral
instincts,even in areas that don’t appear to involve moral
issues,such as cost-benefit analyses,But while good ethics
often equates to good business,sometimes it doesn’t,
Sometimes being truly ethical means giving up something
you want in exchange for doing the right thing,That’s why
we worry about ethics in the first place — if it didn’t cost us
anything,everyone would be ethical all the time,
Passage B
? Think About It
? Read About It
Before reading Passage B,discuss with your friends
on which way you think the selling is more human
and ethical?
Think about it
1,What do you think of the relationships between
people nowadays? What do you think would be
responsible for it?
The relationships between people nowadays are not very
ethical because of increasing cheating in business and other
fields,In China there is one negative phenomenon – people
cannot do anything if they have no relationship with the
people they need,So people use friends or relatives to help
them with every small problem they face,
Reference,
Think about it
2,Have you experienced buying goods on web?
What is your opinion about it?
Never,But I could image it might be more convenient than
the belly-to-belly shopping,As there are two sides to
everything,there must be some bad side to online shopping,
it might be easier for the customers to get cheated,
Reference,
Think about it
3,How do you think a good seller should deal with
his or her customers?
I think a good seller should treat his or her customers in
an honest way because this may win a good reputation and
get reward in his or her business,
Reference,
Read About It
? Language Points
? Content Awareness
? Language Focus
? Reading Skill Practice
? Translating Skill Practice
Jack Welch said something the other day that brought me up short,
“Human relationships are declining in the selling game.” It jarred me
because I’d been wondering whether maybe the exact opposite was true,
In the Internet Age,as products become commoditized and buyers
compare prices and features continually,maybe human relationships
would become one of the few differentiators that could command
significant margins,It isn’t happening,says General Electric’s CEO,But
whatever is happening,it goes to the heart of how we'll all do business
in our revolutionized economy,
Shaking Hands On the Web
Let’s admit first that,relationship” is one of the most abused
words in business,Dot-com CEOs like to say,“We have
relationships with two million customers,” but that’s usually a lie,
It means two million customers have placed at least one order,
How many never come back and never will? It’s fashionable now
for virtually anyone who sells anything to say he has a
relationship with the buyer,But that isn’t for the seller to say; only
the buyer’ opinion counts when it comes to judging this
connection,
Welch knows personal sales relationships aren’t disappearing,In
selling expensive,mission-critical products like power turbines and
aircraft engines,those bonds always matter,But what’s amazing is
how deeply the Net — in less than 2 000 days of existence as a
business tool — has pushed into the realm of big-ticket sales that
previously would have demanded heavy personal flogging,Example,
Radiologists who own GE’s CT scanners and MRI machines can go to
the Net and try out new GE software that improves the machines’
efficiency on spinal exams; if the doctors like it,they can buy it for
$65 000,as 65% of them do,Three years ago only a few visionaries
imagined that someone would buy a $65 000 product without seeing
or even speaking to a salesperson,You can understand why Welch
says,“The old belly-to-belly selling is less and less effective.”
It is for sure,yet some companies are emphasizing it more than
ever,For example,most of the big,incumbent retail brokerages face a
common problem,Online brokers are stealing the industry’s old
source of profits,trading commissions,by cutting them almost to
zero,So incumbent brokers figure the only way to make money now
is to cultivate relationships,leading customers to like and trust them
enough to buy high-margin products and services like front-end-load
mutual funds and financial planning advice,That’s one reason
brokers are all calling themselves something else,like financial
advisors,and trying harder than ever to get belly to belly with you,
They’re assuming,as are many business people,that the Net is
destined to be a death pit of merciless price competition,Yet it
needn’t be,as the Amazon paradox shows,I travel a lot and talk with
all kinds of people,and I’m struck by how many of them speak
passionately about their retail experience with Amazon.com,It's
about the only retail experience they seem to love — and of course it
involves no human beings,If we accept that human relationships are
invariably the most rewarding parts of our lives,how can people get
so cranked up about an experience in which they don’t see,touch,or
hear another soul?
The answer is that Amazon creates a more human relationship
than most people realize,Customers love Amazon not because it
offers the lowest prices — it doesn’t — but because the experience
has been crafted so carefully that most of us actually enjoy it,That is
not primarily a technological achievement,It results from many
people at headquarters obsessing over what customers want in a
fundamentally new kind of relationship,the online experience,No
matter what becomes of Amazon,it has taught us something new,
I’ve asked the most prominent chiefs in the shrinking club of Net
firms still standing — Jeff Bezos of Amazon,Jerry Yang of Yahoo —
my favorite question for business people everywhere,What is the
source of your competitive advantage? None of these three said
anything about technology,They all said essentially the same thing,
creating a customer experience is superior to anything my
competitors can create,
We’re seeing the outlines of how the Net revolution is
transforming selling,Some million-dollar products will still be sold
person to person,Other products,like many bought from Wal-Mart
and other big retailers,will get reordered automatically without any
human interaction,And millions of others between these extremes
will shift toward the Net,
where human buyers will make choices based on a new kind
of interaction,It will be fascinating to watch,In this way as in many
others,the Net puts everything out in the open,We’ll soon see who
has relationships with their customers and who doesn’t,
(804 words)
margin n,
— profit; difference
Examples
? Many small companies operate on very narrow
margins,
? The government estimates that its borrowing
requirement this year could reach ￡ 1,500 billion,
subject to a wide margin of error,
come to v,
— to start discussing a topic,
Example
? When it comes to music,she can’t help talking a lot
with gestures,
amaze v,
— to cause (one) to be extremely surprised
Example
? I was amazed by how well he looks,
? You’ve done all your homework in an hour? You
amaze me,
flog v,
— to sell,esp,quickly or cheaply
Example
? He tried to flog his old car,but no one would buy it,
? We’ve been flogging out neighbours our lawnmower,
incumbent adj,
— 1) necessary; which must be done
Example
? He felt it incumbent upon/on him to raise the subject
at their meeting,
— 2) officially having the named position
Example
? The incumbent president faces problems which began
many years before he took office,
retail n,
— to sell goods to the public in the shops or by post
Example
? The job is open to applicants with over two year’s
experience in retail,
? The clothing company has six retail outlets in south-
eastern Australia,
Commission n,
— payment to someone who sells goods; brokerage
Example
? Are you paid to regular wage or is it on/by commission
only?
? She gets a 15% commission on every machine she sells,
paradox n,
— dilemma
Examples
? It is a paradox that the French eat so much rich food
and yet have a relatively low rate of heart disease,
? The statement ―I am a liar‖ is a paradox because if the
statement is true,it must be false and if it is false,it
must be true,
strike v,
— to impress deeply
Examples
? My report may strike some people as pessimistic,but
at least it’s realistic about the problems we face,
? We’d only just met,but I was already struck quite
forcibly by the fact that she was extremely intelligent,
become of
— to happen to sb or sth
Example
? Whatever became of old Watson?
prominent adj,
— very noticeable,well known or important
Example
? The recent fraud scandal involved and discredited a
number of the country’s most prominent politicians,
? The government should be playing a more prominent
role in promoting human rights,
shrink v,
— become smaller
Examples
? The programme’s audience has shrunk dramatically
in the last few months,
? The company’s profits have shrunk from ￡ 5.5 million
to ￡ 1.25 million,
transform v,
— change completely the appearance or character of
Example
? The reorganization will transform the British
entertainment industry,
? A few mirrors can transform a dark room,making it
look larger and lighter instantly,
shift v,
— to move or change from one position or direction or
another
Example
? If we shift the furniture against the walls,we’ll have
more space to dance,
? Media attention has shifted recently onto
environmental issues,
fascinate v,
— fascinate
Examples
? Anything to do with airplanes and flying fascinates
him,
? I was fascinated to hear the story of his travels in
Bhutan,
Jack Welch said something the other day that
brought me up short
What Jack Welch said that day make me dumb
with surprise,
Paraphrase
But that isn't for the seller to say; only the
buyer's opinion counts when it comes to
judging this connection,
But in the evaluating the relationship with the
customers,the final say is not the seller’s,but
the buyer’s,
Paraphrase
C.F,comes to
It is for sure,yet some companies are
emphasizing it more than ever,
It is certain that some companies have never
placed as much emphasis on the person to
relationship as it does today,
Paraphrase
They're assuming,as are many business people,
that the Net is destined to be a death pit of
merciless price competition,
Like many other businessmen,they think that
net will definitely be a death of ruthless price
competition,
Paraphrase
If we accept that human relationships are
invariably the most rewarding parts of our lives,
how can people get so cranked up about an
experience in which they don't see,touch,or
hear another soul?
If people admit that human relationships are
always the most rewarding parts,why are they
so interested in the internet,on which you
cannot touch see and hear another person?
Paraphrase
Content Awareness
? Read and Think (Ex,10)
? Read and Complete (Ex,11)
Ex,10 Decide whether each of the following statements
is true or false based on the information in the
reading passage,Write,T” for true or,F” for false
at the beginning of each statement,
1,The author thinks that the human relationship
becomes more differential in the Internet Age,
2,According to this passage,only the customers’ choice
is important in judging the relationships between
sellers and buyers
F
T
T
3,Traditional human relationships between the sellers and
the buyers remain more or less the same for online
business,
4,Amazon succeeded creating better human
relationships with customers than other companies
because it offered the lowest prices,
5,Net revolution may change people’s ideas of buying
and selling and create an entirely different
experiences,
F
T
Ex,10 Decide whether each of the following statements
is true or false based on the information in the
reading passage,Write,T” for true or,F” for false
at the beginning of each statement,
In the Internet Age,human relationship is changing
because most products can be sold on the Net instead of
person to person,However,personal sales relationships won’t
be disappearing for some (S1)______ and mission-critical
products,(S2)______,as an entirely new business tool,will
function most(S3)_____ in purchasing (S4) ______, Some
companies also realize the advantages of selling products on
the Net,because this may avoid exploitation of the (S5)
______, Amazon’s success shows that purchasing directly on
the Net may also create a new human (S6) ______, We can
expect that more and more (S7) ______ will be (S8) ______ on
the Net in the near future,It's time now for the buyers to
make(S9) ______ on this new kind of (S10) ______,
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the information from the passage,
In the Internet Age,human relationship is changing because
most products can be sold on the Net instead of person to person,
However,personal sales relationships won’t be disappearing for
some (S1)___________ and mission-critical products,
(S2)________,as an entirely new business tool,will function
most(S3)_________ in purchasing (S4) ___________, Some
companies also realize the advantages of selling products on the
Net,because this may avoid exploitation of the (S5) _________,
Amazon’s success shows that purchasing directly on the Net may
also create a new human (S6) ___________, We can expect that
more and more (S7) ____________ will be (S8) ___________ on
the Net in the near future,It's time now for the buyers to make(S9)
___________ on this new kind of (S10) _____________,
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the information from the passage,
expensive
Net
efficiently goods
brokers
purchasing
relationship
sold
products
decisions
Language Focus
? Vocabulary (Ex,11)
? Phrases (Ex,12)
? Translation (Ex,13)
1,We have to be very careful in managing the
resources,
? declining
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
2,Many small companies operate on very narrow profit
_________,
? margins
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
3,I always believe happiness more than money,
? counts
4,I never expected that he would the trust I placed in
him,
? abuse
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
5,Many farmers in China now have ______ themselves into
permanent dwellers,
? transformed
6,They entered into a solemn which was signed in our
presence,
? bond
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
7,We were to discover that we’ve been at school
together,
? amazed
8,They’re _________ arguing – I really don’t know how long
the relationship will still last,
? continually
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
9,The new Prime Minister is relationships with the
neighboring countries,
? cultivated
10,My report may some people as pessimistic,but at
least it’s realistic about the problems we face,
? strike
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
1,His remarks ______ me______,because his words were so
rude,
? brought … up short
2,But the brochure ____ me ______ believe that the price
included home delivery,
? led … to
Ex,12 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions
from the passage,Make changes where necessary,
3,They _______ the pressure on the producer with ads in the
press,
? cranked up
4,_________ mathematics,I should say I’m very slow at it,
? When it comes to
Ex,12 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions
from the passage,Make changes where necessary,
5,Two families who could not pay the rent were threatened to
be_______ onto the street,
? put out
Ex,12 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions
from the passage,Make changes where necessary,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
1.如果我知道他那么忙的话,我就不会给他添那样多的麻烦了 。
(would have +V-ed)
trouble him so much
I wouldn’t have troubled him so much if I had known he
was so busy,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
2,一谈到音乐, 她就很兴奋, 开始与你聊天 。 （ when it comes
to）
chat with you
When it comes to music,she gets very excited and chatted
endlessly with you,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
3,怎么都行, 就是不能告诉她, 否则全世界都会知道 。
（ Whatever）
or
Whatever you do,don’t tell her or the world will know,
,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
4,虽然我们刚刚认识, 但我已对她的绝顶聪明留下了深刻的印
象 。 (be struck)
only just met extreme intelligence
We’d only just met,but I was already struck quite
forcibly by her extreme intelligence,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
5.她说她将到美国去, 这话把我给楞住了 。 （ bring up short）
She said she was going to America,which brought me up
short,
Reading Skills Practice
Identifying Author’s Purpose
Identifying the author’s purpose is one of the reading skills to
test readers’ understanding on the discourse level,When
identifying the author’s purpose,firstly,we should know the main
idea of the passage,because the author’s purpose is always
related to the major topic of the passage,Secondly,we should
only judge or identify the author’s purpose according to the text,
rather than your own ideas,Therefore,understanding the main
idea of a passage is essential for identifying the author’s purpose,
Following are the words often used to identify the author’s
purpose and attitude,
positive; negative,neutral,critical,doubtful,suspicious,indifferent,
concerned,pessimistic,optimistic,factual,impartial,obj ctive,
subjective,ironic,cynic,emoti nal,polite,humorous,etc,
The following questions can also help you in finding out about
the author’s purposes,
Who is the intended audience?
What is the tone?
What is the point of view?
Does the author try to prove anything about the subject? If so,what?
Read the following short passages and try to identify the
author’s purpose,Underline the cue words in the passage and
tell why they can help us understand the author’s purpose,
Exercise
Passage 1
In America,the first aim of education was to prepare
children to read the Bible and its intent was religious,Later on
the purpose was to enable people to read and write,and take
part in the democratic process,Still later,the purpose became
to prepare young people for jobs in a modern society,At no
time was the aim of education to prepare students to become
individuals or complete human beings,This aspect of
education was left to the home,church,mass media,and the
city streets,To a certain large extent,it still remains there,Yet
in a society that can be factors in industrial production,the
purpose of education must once again change,It must begin
to educate people to live full and meaningful lives in which
“jobs” are at best only incidental,or at least oriented toward
human service rather than physical productivity,
1,It can be concluded that the author’s philosophy of education
is aimed at_________,
A) increasing the gross national product
B) improving the quality of human life
C) preparing loyal and patriotic citizens
D) keeping America strong
2,Which of the following conclusions does the passage
support?
A) Jobs eventually will become unnecessary,
B) Financial considerations should never replace human
considerations,
C) Industrial productivity is a necessary evil,
D) People should not be educated against their will,
3,The author’s attitude towards the aims of education in
the past is of _________,
A,criticism
B,approval
C,respect
D,indifference
Passage 2
We’re seeing the outlines of how the Net revolution is
transforming selling,Some million-dollar products will still
be sold person to person,Other products,like many
bought by Wal-Mart and other big retailers,will get
reordered automatically without any human interaction,
And millions of others between these extremes will shift
toward the Net,where human buyers will make choices
based on a new kind of interaction,It will be fascinating to
watch,In this way as in many others,the Net puts
everything out in the open,We’ll soon see who has
relationships with their customers and who doesn’t,
1,The author’s attitude towards the Net is ________
A,negative
B,indifferent
C,objective
D,ironic
2,The author’s purpose to mention the Net is ________,
A,to show the transformation of selling business
B,to show how Net is working for business
C,to show the selling and buying system on the Net
D,to show how Net changes the relationships between
sellers and buyers,
同位语翻译 (Translating Skills,Appositive)
结构复杂同位语
名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语
可以充当同位语的有名词, 代词, 介词短语, 不定式等 。 同
位语通常放在有关成分 （ 本位语 ） 之后, 并对其内容进行进
一步的解释说明 。 同位语一般用逗号与本位语隔开 （ 但有时
也可不隔开 ） 。 下面举例说明有关同位语的各种表达方式及
其翻译方法,
Exercises
同位语从句
Example
You may leave it to us two,
你可以把这件事交给 我们 两个 。
This is Mr,Zhou,director of our hospital,
这是我们医院 院长 周先生 。
She seemed different from them all,
她似乎和 他们 所有的人都不同 。
This theory was advanced by Li Siguang,
a famous Chinese geologist.这一理论是由
中国的一位著名的地质学家李四光提出的 。
1．名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语，一般与本位语译在一起,
Example
Then arose the question where we were to
get the machines needed,
这时就产生了这样一个 问题,我们到哪儿
去找需要的机器 。
They visited eight cities,for example,
London and Paris,
他们访问了八座 城市, 例如伦敦, 巴黎 。
2,有些同位语结构复杂一些，如由引导词引导，翻译时一般译
在本位语之后，且要用标点符号（逗号或破折号）隔开。
Example
I had no idea that you were here,
我不知道你也在这儿 。
Obviously there was little probability that
they would succeed,but they didn’t mind,
很显然他们成功的 可能性 极小, 但是他们
不在意 。
3,在某些涵义需要进一步说明的名词（如 idea,fact,news,hope,
belief,thought,doubt等）后可用 that从句作同位语，称为同位
语从句。翻译时可译成该名词的定语。
Ex,15 Translate the following sentences into Chinese and pay
special attention to the appositive in italics,
1,We expressed the hope that they would come and visit
China again,
? 我们表示希望他们再次访问中国 。
2,The story goes that William Tell did kill the tyrant with that
arrow,
? 传 说威廉 ·泰勒真用这支箭射死了暴君 。
Ex,15 Underline the appositive in the following sentences and then
translate them into Chinese,
3,There is not probability that human beings will ever be
controlled by robots,
? 人类 受机器人控制德可能性是不存在的 。
4,She went to the meeting on the supposition that people
would not assail her with questions,
? 她 参加了这次会议, 心想人们是不会向她提许多问题的 。
Ex,15 Underline the appositive in the following sentences and then
translate them into Chinese,
5,I’ve come from Mr,Lin with a message that he won’t be
able to see you this attention,
? 我从林先生那儿来, 他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你
了啦 。
6,The middle-aged man is a newly elected team leader,able,
open,and sincere,
? 那位中年人是新选出的队长, 他 能干, 开朗而又诚恳 。
Ex,15 Underline the appositive in the following sentences and then
translate them into Chinese,
8,Their staff of 360,mostly former housewives,help the
residents with their laundry and mending,
? 他们有 360名 职工, 大部分原来是家庭妇女, 现在帮助居民
做一些洗涤, 缝补的事 。
7,His only interest in life,playing football,has brought
him many friends。
? 他生活中唯一感 兴趣的东西 是踢足球, 这使他得到很多朋
友 。
Go to Passage A
Go to Menu
Go to Passage B
Passage A
Passage B
Passage A
? Think About It
? Read About It
? Talk About It
? Write About It
1,Have you or your friend ever been cheated by a manufacturer?
Describe your experience to your partner,
Reference,
Yes,Last year I planned to buy a computer so I could surf the net,I
want to find a cheap one that’s attractive and easy to use,I found
one which seemed very good and catered for the needs of a
college student,The ads on the net boasted several unique
functions,and good after sale service,But when I bought it,I
found this was not the case,The guarantee for good service
disappeared and the claimed unique functions were simply
illusions,
2,What do you know about business ethics?
Business Ethics is a system of accepted beliefs in
business,which governs the conduct of people in
doing business based on the moral values,
Reference,
3,Some people think that fraud and business are twins,
What is your opinion? Think of at least three reasons to
support your idea and discuss the topic with your partner,
Reference,
In my opinion,the claim is partly right,Everything
has two sides,Sometimes fraud and business are
indeed twins,because some businesspeople
think they can’t make money without cheating,If
you cheat people,people will cheat you,However,
there are other people who do not agree,They
keep to the motto,Honesty is the best policy,
Read About It
? Language Points
? Content Awareness
? Language Focus
As for the moral advantage in business,of all places,everyone
knows a modicum of ethics is called for in any business — you
can’t cheat your customers forever and get away with it,But
wouldn't it be more advantageous if you actually could get away
with it? Profits would soar out of sight! Then you would really
have an advantage,or so the thinking might go,
The Moral Advantage
How to succeed in business by doing the right thing
The notion of seeking the moral
advantage is a new way of thinking
about ethics and virtue in business,an
approach that does not accept the need
for trade-offs between ambition and
conscience,Far from obstructing the
drive for success,a sense of moral purpose can help individuals
and companies achieve at the highest — and most profitable —
levels,
Cynicism dominates our attitudes about what it takes to
succeed in business,A common way of thinking about morality
in business goes something like this,
Ethical conduct is an unpleasant medicine that society
forces down business people's throats to protect the public
interest from business avarice,
Morality gets in the way of the cold,hard actions truly
ambitious people must take to reach their goals,
Moneymaking is inevitably tainted by greed,deceit,and
exploitation,
The quest for profits stands in opposition to everything that
is moral,fair,decent,and charitable,
Skepticism about moneymaking goes back a long way,The
Bible warns that it's harder for a rich man to enter the kingdom
of heaven than for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle,
―Behind every great fortune,‖ wrote French novelist Honoré de
Balzac1 in the 1800s,―lies a great crime.‖ British author G,K,
Chesterton sounded the same theme in the early 20th century,
noting that a businessman ―is the only man who is forever
apologizing for his occupation.‖
The contemporary media often characterize business as nothing
more than a self-serving exercise in greed,carried out in as
corrupt and ruthless a manner as possible,In television and
movies,moneymaking in business is tainted by avarice,
exploitation,or downright villainy,The unflattering portrayals
have become even more pointed over time,In 1969,the
businessman in Philip Roth's Goodbye,Columbus advises the
story’s protagonist,―To get by in business,you’ve got to be a bit
of a thief.‖ He seems like a benignly wise,paternal figure
compared with Wall Street's 1980s icon,Gordon Gekko4,whose
immortal words were ―Greed is good.‖
Yet some important observers of business see things differently,
Widely read gurus such as Stephen Covey5 and Tom Peters5
point to the practical utility of moral virtues such as compassion,
responsibility,fairness,and honesty,They suggest that virtue is
an essential ingredient in the recipe for success,and that moral
standards are not merely commendable choices but necessary
components of a thriving business career,This is a frequent
theme in commencement addresses and other personal
testimonials,Virtuous behavior advances a career in the long
run by building trust and reputation,whereas ethical
shortcomings eventually derail careers,The humorist Dorothy
Parker captured this idea in one of her signature quips,―Time
wounds all heels.‖
So who's right — those who believe that morality and business
are mutually exclusive,or those who believe they reinforce one
another? Do nice guys finish last,or are those who advocate
doing well by doing good the real winners? Is the business
world a den of thievery or a haven for upstanding citizens?
With colleagues Howard Gardner at Harvard University
and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi at Claremont Graduate
University,I’ve examined this question by interviewing 40 top
business leaders,such as McDonald’s CEO Jack Greenberg and
the late Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham,
between 1998 and 2000 as part of our joint ―Project on Good
Work.‖ We found that a strong sense of moral purpose not only
promotes a business career but also provides a telling
advantage in the quest to build a thriving enterprise,In fact,a
sense of moral purpose stands at the center of all successful
business innovations,Far from being a constraining force that
merely
keeps people honest and out of trouble,morality creates a fertile
source of business motivation,inspiration,and innovation,
This is different from the view of morality you'll encounter
in a typical business-ethics course,It's so different that I now
speak about moralities,in the plural,when discussing the role
of virtue and ethics in business,Morality in business has three
distinct faces,each playing its own special role in ensuring
business success,
(756 words)
a modicum of
— a little of; a few of
Examples
? There is not even a modicum of truth in this statement,
? Anyone with a modicum of common sense could have
seen that the plan wouldn’t work,
get away with
— to escape； to run away from
Examples
? I’ll get away from work as soon as possible,
? He had a car accident,Fortunately,he got away with it,
obstruct v,
— to block； to get in the way,
Example
? After the earthquake many roads were obstructed by
collapsed buildings,
? Conservatives have been obstructing reform for years,
? Her view of the stage was obstructed by a pillar,
avarice n,
— greed
Example
? I am rich beyond the dreams of avarice,
? She earned wealth beyond the dreams of avarice( =an
extremely large amount of money) from her business
empire,
inevitably adv,
— unavoidably
Examples
? This decision will inevitably result in more crimes and more
victims,
decent adj,
— right and suitable; respectable
Examples
? Everyone should be entitled to a decent wage/standard of
living and a decent home,
? I thought he was a decent sort of person,
corrupt adj,
— 1) immoral
Examples
? The whole system was corrupt---every official she
approached wanted money before helping her,
? Both companies are under investigation for corrupt
practices,
More to learn
corrupt v,
— 2) become immoral,dishonest
Example
? When he started his career he was an honest and decent
young man but power had corrupted him over the years,
? She claimed that so much sex and violence on the
television corrupted the young,innocent mind,
downright adj,
— complete
Examples
? She’s being downright difficult and obstructive,
? These working conditions are unhealthy,if not downright
(=and probably extremely) dangerous,
villainy n,
— a bad or criminal behavior or act
Example
? I wouldn’t have thought she was capable of such villainy,
? Charlie strongly denied the acts of villainy of which he was
accused,such as forcing people to watch while he
smashed up their homes,
utility n,
— usefulness
Example
? The utility of the rescue equipment has still to be assessed
in a real emergency,
? Different tax arrangements apply to public utilities,
compassion n,
— pity
Example
?,I understand how difficult it must be for you”,she said
with compassion,
? The government hasn’t shown much compassion for the
sufferers,
commendable adj,
— worthy of praise
Example
? She rescued a child who fell into the lake,Her action was
commendable,
in the long run
— ultimately
Example
? My mother always told me that in the long run I would be
glad I didn’t give up the piano,
? This may save money in the short run,but it’s going to be
expensive in the long run,
reputation n,
Examples
? She has the reputation of being a good doctor,
? The company has a worldwide reputation for quality,
quip n,
— witty remark
Example
? It was Oscar Wilde who made the famous quip about life,
in the end,mimicking art,
? When asked earlier why he seemed to be so relaxed,Mr,
McCarthy said quipped:,It’s the drugs.”
exclusive adj,
— 1) not including
Example
? The newspaper published an exclusive about the escape,
— 2) newspaper story published by only one newspaper,
Example
? The newspaper published an exclusive report about
the escape,
— 3) not readily admitting new members
Example
? He belongs to an exclusive club reserved for
millionaires and their spouse,
advocate v,
— to support
Examples
? She advocates taking a more long-term view,
? He advocates the return of capital punishment,
in the quest to
— in search for
Example
? She does aerobics four times a week in her quest to
achieve the perfect body,
… you can't cheat your customers forever and
get away with it,
… if you keep trying to deceive your customers
they will find out,
Paraphrase
get away with
— to escape； to run away from
Examples
? I’ll get away from work as soon as possible,
? He had a car accident,Fortunately,he got away with it,
But wouldn't it be more advantageous if you
actually could get away with it? Profits would
soar out of sight!
Wouldn’t it be better if you really run away from
it? You would so much money,
Paraphrase
The contemporary media often characterize
business as nothing more than a self-serving
exercise in greed,carried out in as corrupt and
ruthless a manner as possible,
The modern press often describes business as
a greedy activity,done in corrupt and fierce
manner,
Paraphrase
CF,corrupt
Far from being a constraining force that merely
keeps people honest and out of trouble,morality
creates a fertile source of business motivation,
inspiration,and innovation,
Business ethics are not only a constraining force
to keep people honest,but also a rich source of
business motivation,inspiration and innovation,
Paraphrase
Content Awareness
? Read and Think (Ex,2)
? Read and Complete (Ex,3)
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
1,What is the cynical attitude toward business morality? And
what is the skeptical one?
Moneymaking is inevitably tainted by greed,deceit,
and exploitation,/ Behind every great fortune lies a
great crime,
Reference,
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
2,Why does the author mention The Bible in paragraph
8?
To show that immoral moneymaking goes back a long
way,
Reference,
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
3,How do the contemporary media define business？
As greedy,corrupt and ruthless,
Reference,
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
4,What do Stephen Covery and Tom Peters think of
business morality？
Moral virtue is essential for success in business,
Reference,
Ex,2 Answer the following questions with the information you
obtain from the passage,
5,What’s the author’s attitude toward morality in
business?
Against the traditional view and in favor of creating a
new morality norms in business,
Reference,
Ex,3 Read the passage carefully and decide whether the
following statements are True (T) or False ( F),
1,You can’t cheat your customers forever without being noticed by
people,
2,Seeking moral advantage can help people succeed in business,
3,Honesty in business may help make profits at last,
4,The author thinks that seeking for profits may inevitably cheat
people or be dishonest in business,
T
T
T
F
Ex,3 Read the passage carefully and decide whether the
following statements are True (T) or False ( F),
5,Skepticism had the idea that,no cheating,no business” in
business trade,
6,Other famous experts may have different ideas about business
and think the morality is essential part in business,
7,Columbus,a character in the Philip Roth’s play,believes that no
businessmen are honest,
8,The modern media often describes the business as a dishonest
deed,
T
T
T
T
Ex,3 Read the passage carefully and decide whether the
following statements are True (T) or False ( F),
9,Different people have different ideas about the business morality
and each explains business morality at his/her angle,
10,Business morality is far different from morality in daily life,
T
T
Language Focus
? Vocabulary (Ex,4)
? Phrases (Ex,5)
? Read and Translate (Ex,6)
? Read and Simulate (Ex,7)
1,I have to question the of forcing poor people to
pay for their medical treatment,
? morality
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
2,Nothing will stop them in their for truth,
? quest
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
3,I think the way she’s been treated is a(n) disgrace,
? downright
4,He taking a more long-term view,
? advocated
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
5,This writer,as well as his ______,was interested in
the same subjects,
? contemporaries
6,She says he’ll come back,but she’s herself,
? deceiving
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
7,Some people believe that football clubs are
sometimes motivated by,
? avarice
8,He got ten years in prison for withholding evidence
and the course of justice,
? obstructing
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
9,Two of the soldiers were killed and the rest were,
? captured
10,A guilty prevented her from sleeping at night,
? conscience
Ex,4 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given
below,Change the form where necessary,
Moral obstruct conscience avarice deceit
contemporary Quest downright capture advocate
1,After a few years as a doctor he left the profession and ______
journalism,
? took to
2,His family to the time of the Norman Conquest,
? goes back
Ex,5 Complete the following sentences with phases or expressions
given below,Change the form where necessary,
3,It is often easier to make plans than to them,
? carry … out
4,In defence of his policy,the Minister _____ the sharp
decrease in road deaths,
? pointed to
Ex,5 Complete the following sentences with phases or expressions
given below,Change the form where necessary,
5,The unions are the government over the
issue of privatization,
? in opposition to
Ex,5 Complete the following sentences with phases or expressions
given below,Change the form where necessary,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
1.他们登上的飞机起飞后立刻就消失了 。 （ soar,out of sight）
The airplane they
aboard took off
The airplane they boarded soared out of sight as soon
as it took off,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
2.在会上,双方展开了激烈的争论, 改革派提出许多改革措施,
而保守派反对提出的改革建议 (in opposition to)
hot debate put forward many reforming
measures
At the meeting,the two sides had a very hot debate,The
reformers put forward many reforming measures,but
conservatives were in opposition to the proposed
changes,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
3,从长远看,我们必须学习更多的科技知识, 除了我们的专业
课程之外, 懂得计算机, 英语和驾驶是我们工作中必不可少
的 。 (in a long run)
Major subjects
In the long run,we should learn more about science
and technology,Besides the major subjects,the
knowledge of computers,English and driving is
necessary in our work,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
4.为练成完美的体型,她每周做四次健身操 。 (in quest)
perfect body
gymnastic exercises
She does gymnastic exercises four times a week in quest
to achieve the perfect body,
Ex,6 Translate the following sentences into English,
5,早上许多老人在公园里一面锻炼身体, 一面摆龙门阵 。
(participle as adverbial)
do physical exercises chat with each other
Every the morning in the park,some old people are doing
physical exercises there,chatting with each other at the
same time,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
1,A common way of thinking about morality goes
something like this,
_______________________________goes something like
this,
His solution to the problem goes something like this,
Reference,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
2,The contemporary media often characterize business
as nothing more than a self-serving exercise in greed,
carried out in as corrupt and ruthless a manner as
possible,
In her essay,she characterizes_________________as
________________________________,
In her essay,she characterizes the whole era as a period
of radical change,
Reference,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
3,In fact,a sense of moral purpose stands at the center
of all successful business innovation,
______________ stands at the center of ______________
Actually,as we know,the advancement of technology
stands at the center of economic grown,
Reference,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
4,It’s so different that I now speak about moralities,in the
plural,when discussing the role of virtue and ethics in
business.,
_____________ so _____________ that _____________,
The subject is so difficult that we cannot understand
anything of it,
Reference,
Ex,7 Read the following sentences carefully,and then make your
own sentences using the patterns in red,
5,Morality in business has three distinct faces,each playing
its own special role in ensuring business success,
______________________,each playing its own special role
in____________________________________,
The investigation committee consists of four groups,each
playing its own special role in implementing the
investigation,
Reference,
Work in pairs to discuss or debate the topic,Does
honesty pay off,
Honesty is the most important ethical principle for people to follow
in society,However,now many people do things with dishonesty,
They think cheating is the easy way to get success in business,
learning,or social life,People with honesty are regarded as foolish
people,Do you agree with them? Now work in pairs to discuss or
debate on the topic:,DOES HONESTY PAY OFF?”,Suppose you are
a college student and are given an open test with the teacher’s trust,
Ask your teacher,if cheating happens,what he will do,
Work in pairs to discuss or debate the topic,Does
honesty pay off,
Words and phrases likely to be used
self-discipline
self-worth
Ethical
prevent injustice
Pledge
committing to pursue honesty
integrity
Reference
Work in pairs to discuss or debate the topic,Does
honesty pay off,
Sentence patterns likely to be used
?I’m trusting you…
?One day in the business world,you will be on your own
? to be honest …
?if I get someone to help me,I’ll get a better grade,and you will never
know that I cheated
?… but you will feel quite guilty later for what you have done,
?integrity is far better than riches or fame,
?You can lose your money and then gain it back again,but you can never
regain your integrity and your good name once it is lost,
Dr,Smith,I’m going to give you all a test to complete over the
weekend,
Frank,Can we get help from our classmates?
Dr,Smith,No,I’m trusting you to work alone,Each of you has a
moral conscience,so you don’t need someone to
monitor you,One day in the business world,you will be
honest on your own,
Frank,Dr,Smith,if I get someone to help me,I’ll get a better
grade,and you will never know that I cheated,
Dr,Smith:I know,However,I want to teach you all self-discipline and
self-worth,If you cheat,you might receive a better grade,
but you will feel quite guilty later for what you have done,
Frank,I’ll be honest because I know it’s the ethical thing to do,
Doesn’t our student code of conduct talk about honesty?
Dr,Smith,It does,It says that each student should work to prevent
injustice in both his own actions and in the actions of
others,You signed that pledge when you started school
here,committing to pursue honesty,We should be
honest,simply because it’s the right thing to do,
Frank,I think honesty will also make me a better employee one
day,
Dr,Smith,Frank,integrity is far better than riches or fame,You can
lose your money and then gain it back again,but you
can never regain your integrity and your good name
once it is lost,
Frank,Thank you for trusting us,Dr,Smith,
Write a composition to illustrate the importance of
business ethics,Your writing may be based on the
following outlines in Chinese,
1．商业道德需要诚信和信息公开。
2．关键是建立一种管理机制。
3．建立良好的商业道德已是当务之急。
4．要处理好商业利润与商业道德之间的矛盾。
Reference
Reference,
Business Ethics
Creating and sustaining an ethical corporation isn’t as
difficult as you might think; it’s actually easier than some of
the day-to-day business challenges you face,The keys to
running an ethical company are accountability,honesty,and
information transparency,
Corporations aren't ethical or evil in and of themselves —
but people can be,So ethics must focus on you and the people
you work with,Most people want to do the right thing,but
organizational structure does not guarantee they will do the
right thing,without meaning to or even knowing it,
Structuring an ethical corporation makes the goal easier to
achieve,
Reference,
The challenge could not be more urgent,A substantial
majority of people in China are dissatisfied with the social
behavior of our corporations,say several recent news reports,
Poor treatment of workers at home and abroad,products that
don’t perform as advertised,fake commodities,poor customer
service,environmental pollution,to mention a few,
Responsible behavior is important to your business success,
but let’s not forget that you’re in business—you’re not out to
solve the world’s problems,So how do you balance the two?
What does it mean to be ethical in business?
Reference,
It simply requires that you follow your best moral
instincts,even in areas that don’t appear to involve moral
issues,such as cost-benefit analyses,But while good ethics
often equates to good business,sometimes it doesn’t,
Sometimes being truly ethical means giving up something
you want in exchange for doing the right thing,That’s why
we worry about ethics in the first place — if it didn’t cost us
anything,everyone would be ethical all the time,
Passage B
? Think About It
? Read About It
Before reading Passage B,discuss with your friends
on which way you think the selling is more human
and ethical?
Think about it
1,What do you think of the relationships between
people nowadays? What do you think would be
responsible for it?
The relationships between people nowadays are not very
ethical because of increasing cheating in business and other
fields,In China there is one negative phenomenon – people
cannot do anything if they have no relationship with the
people they need,So people use friends or relatives to help
them with every small problem they face,
Reference,
Think about it
2,Have you experienced buying goods on web?
What is your opinion about it?
Never,But I could image it might be more convenient than
the belly-to-belly shopping,As there are two sides to
everything,there must be some bad side to online shopping,
it might be easier for the customers to get cheated,
Reference,
Think about it
3,How do you think a good seller should deal with
his or her customers?
I think a good seller should treat his or her customers in
an honest way because this may win a good reputation and
get reward in his or her business,
Reference,
Read About It
? Language Points
? Content Awareness
? Language Focus
? Reading Skill Practice
? Translating Skill Practice
Jack Welch said something the other day that brought me up short,
“Human relationships are declining in the selling game.” It jarred me
because I’d been wondering whether maybe the exact opposite was true,
In the Internet Age,as products become commoditized and buyers
compare prices and features continually,maybe human relationships
would become one of the few differentiators that could command
significant margins,It isn’t happening,says General Electric’s CEO,But
whatever is happening,it goes to the heart of how we'll all do business
in our revolutionized economy,
Shaking Hands On the Web
Let’s admit first that,relationship” is one of the most abused
words in business,Dot-com CEOs like to say,“We have
relationships with two million customers,” but that’s usually a lie,
It means two million customers have placed at least one order,
How many never come back and never will? It’s fashionable now
for virtually anyone who sells anything to say he has a
relationship with the buyer,But that isn’t for the seller to say; only
the buyer’ opinion counts when it comes to judging this
connection,
Welch knows personal sales relationships aren’t disappearing,In
selling expensive,mission-critical products like power turbines and
aircraft engines,those bonds always matter,But what’s amazing is
how deeply the Net — in less than 2 000 days of existence as a
business tool — has pushed into the realm of big-ticket sales that
previously would have demanded heavy personal flogging,Example,
Radiologists who own GE’s CT scanners and MRI machines can go to
the Net and try out new GE software that improves the machines’
efficiency on spinal exams; if the doctors like it,they can buy it for
$65 000,as 65% of them do,Three years ago only a few visionaries
imagined that someone would buy a $65 000 product without seeing
or even speaking to a salesperson,You can understand why Welch
says,“The old belly-to-belly selling is less and less effective.”
It is for sure,yet some companies are emphasizing it more than
ever,For example,most of the big,incumbent retail brokerages face a
common problem,Online brokers are stealing the industry’s old
source of profits,trading commissions,by cutting them almost to
zero,So incumbent brokers figure the only way to make money now
is to cultivate relationships,leading customers to like and trust them
enough to buy high-margin products and services like front-end-load
mutual funds and financial planning advice,That’s one reason
brokers are all calling themselves something else,like financial
advisors,and trying harder than ever to get belly to belly with you,
They’re assuming,as are many business people,that the Net is
destined to be a death pit of merciless price competition,Yet it
needn’t be,as the Amazon paradox shows,I travel a lot and talk with
all kinds of people,and I’m struck by how many of them speak
passionately about their retail experience with Amazon.com,It's
about the only retail experience they seem to love — and of course it
involves no human beings,If we accept that human relationships are
invariably the most rewarding parts of our lives,how can people get
so cranked up about an experience in which they don’t see,touch,or
hear another soul?
The answer is that Amazon creates a more human relationship
than most people realize,Customers love Amazon not because it
offers the lowest prices — it doesn’t — but because the experience
has been crafted so carefully that most of us actually enjoy it,That is
not primarily a technological achievement,It results from many
people at headquarters obsessing over what customers want in a
fundamentally new kind of relationship,the online experience,No
matter what becomes of Amazon,it has taught us something new,
I’ve asked the most prominent chiefs in the shrinking club of Net
firms still standing — Jeff Bezos of Amazon,Jerry Yang of Yahoo —
my favorite question for business people everywhere,What is the
source of your competitive advantage? None of these three said
anything about technology,They all said essentially the same thing,
creating a customer experience is superior to anything my
competitors can create,
We’re seeing the outlines of how the Net revolution is
transforming selling,Some million-dollar products will still be sold
person to person,Other products,like many bought from Wal-Mart
and other big retailers,will get reordered automatically without any
human interaction,And millions of others between these extremes
will shift toward the Net,
where human buyers will make choices based on a new kind
of interaction,It will be fascinating to watch,In this way as in many
others,the Net puts everything out in the open,We’ll soon see who
has relationships with their customers and who doesn’t,
(804 words)
margin n,
— profit; difference
Examples
? Many small companies operate on very narrow
margins,
? The government estimates that its borrowing
requirement this year could reach ￡ 1,500 billion,
subject to a wide margin of error,
come to v,
— to start discussing a topic,
Example
? When it comes to music,she can’t help talking a lot
with gestures,
amaze v,
— to cause (one) to be extremely surprised
Example
? I was amazed by how well he looks,
? You’ve done all your homework in an hour? You
amaze me,
flog v,
— to sell,esp,quickly or cheaply
Example
? He tried to flog his old car,but no one would buy it,
? We’ve been flogging out neighbours our lawnmower,
incumbent adj,
— 1) necessary; which must be done
Example
? He felt it incumbent upon/on him to raise the subject
at their meeting,
— 2) officially having the named position
Example
? The incumbent president faces problems which began
many years before he took office,
retail n,
— to sell goods to the public in the shops or by post
Example
? The job is open to applicants with over two year’s
experience in retail,
? The clothing company has six retail outlets in south-
eastern Australia,
Commission n,
— payment to someone who sells goods; brokerage
Example
? Are you paid to regular wage or is it on/by commission
only?
? She gets a 15% commission on every machine she sells,
paradox n,
— dilemma
Examples
? It is a paradox that the French eat so much rich food
and yet have a relatively low rate of heart disease,
? The statement ―I am a liar‖ is a paradox because if the
statement is true,it must be false and if it is false,it
must be true,
strike v,
— to impress deeply
Examples
? My report may strike some people as pessimistic,but
at least it’s realistic about the problems we face,
? We’d only just met,but I was already struck quite
forcibly by the fact that she was extremely intelligent,
become of
— to happen to sb or sth
Example
? Whatever became of old Watson?
prominent adj,
— very noticeable,well known or important
Example
? The recent fraud scandal involved and discredited a
number of the country’s most prominent politicians,
? The government should be playing a more prominent
role in promoting human rights,
shrink v,
— become smaller
Examples
? The programme’s audience has shrunk dramatically
in the last few months,
? The company’s profits have shrunk from ￡ 5.5 million
to ￡ 1.25 million,
transform v,
— change completely the appearance or character of
Example
? The reorganization will transform the British
entertainment industry,
? A few mirrors can transform a dark room,making it
look larger and lighter instantly,
shift v,
— to move or change from one position or direction or
another
Example
? If we shift the furniture against the walls,we’ll have
more space to dance,
? Media attention has shifted recently onto
environmental issues,
fascinate v,
— fascinate
Examples
? Anything to do with airplanes and flying fascinates
him,
? I was fascinated to hear the story of his travels in
Bhutan,
Jack Welch said something the other day that
brought me up short
What Jack Welch said that day make me dumb
with surprise,
Paraphrase
But that isn't for the seller to say; only the
buyer's opinion counts when it comes to
judging this connection,
But in the evaluating the relationship with the
customers,the final say is not the seller’s,but
the buyer’s,
Paraphrase
C.F,comes to
It is for sure,yet some companies are
emphasizing it more than ever,
It is certain that some companies have never
placed as much emphasis on the person to
relationship as it does today,
Paraphrase
They're assuming,as are many business people,
that the Net is destined to be a death pit of
merciless price competition,
Like many other businessmen,they think that
net will definitely be a death of ruthless price
competition,
Paraphrase
If we accept that human relationships are
invariably the most rewarding parts of our lives,
how can people get so cranked up about an
experience in which they don't see,touch,or
hear another soul?
If people admit that human relationships are
always the most rewarding parts,why are they
so interested in the internet,on which you
cannot touch see and hear another person?
Paraphrase
Content Awareness
? Read and Think (Ex,10)
? Read and Complete (Ex,11)
Ex,10 Decide whether each of the following statements
is true or false based on the information in the
reading passage,Write,T” for true or,F” for false
at the beginning of each statement,
1,The author thinks that the human relationship
becomes more differential in the Internet Age,
2,According to this passage,only the customers’ choice
is important in judging the relationships between
sellers and buyers
F
T
T
3,Traditional human relationships between the sellers and
the buyers remain more or less the same for online
business,
4,Amazon succeeded creating better human
relationships with customers than other companies
because it offered the lowest prices,
5,Net revolution may change people’s ideas of buying
and selling and create an entirely different
experiences,
F
T
Ex,10 Decide whether each of the following statements
is true or false based on the information in the
reading passage,Write,T” for true or,F” for false
at the beginning of each statement,
In the Internet Age,human relationship is changing
because most products can be sold on the Net instead of
person to person,However,personal sales relationships won’t
be disappearing for some (S1)______ and mission-critical
products,(S2)______,as an entirely new business tool,will
function most(S3)_____ in purchasing (S4) ______, Some
companies also realize the advantages of selling products on
the Net,because this may avoid exploitation of the (S5)
______, Amazon’s success shows that purchasing directly on
the Net may also create a new human (S6) ______, We can
expect that more and more (S7) ______ will be (S8) ______ on
the Net in the near future,It's time now for the buyers to
make(S9) ______ on this new kind of (S10) ______,
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the information from the passage,
In the Internet Age,human relationship is changing because
most products can be sold on the Net instead of person to person,
However,personal sales relationships won’t be disappearing for
some (S1)___________ and mission-critical products,
(S2)________,as an entirely new business tool,will function
most(S3)_________ in purchasing (S4) ___________, Some
companies also realize the advantages of selling products on the
Net,because this may avoid exploitation of the (S5) _________,
Amazon’s success shows that purchasing directly on the Net may
also create a new human (S6) ___________, We can expect that
more and more (S7) ____________ will be (S8) ___________ on
the Net in the near future,It's time now for the buyers to make(S9)
___________ on this new kind of (S10) _____________,
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the information from the passage,
expensive
Net
efficiently goods
brokers
purchasing
relationship
sold
products
decisions
Language Focus
? Vocabulary (Ex,11)
? Phrases (Ex,12)
? Translation (Ex,13)
1,We have to be very careful in managing the
resources,
? declining
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
2,Many small companies operate on very narrow profit
_________,
? margins
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
3,I always believe happiness more than money,
? counts
4,I never expected that he would the trust I placed in
him,
? abuse
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
5,Many farmers in China now have ______ themselves into
permanent dwellers,
? transformed
6,They entered into a solemn which was signed in our
presence,
? bond
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
7,We were to discover that we’ve been at school
together,
? amazed
8,They’re _________ arguing – I really don’t know how long
the relationship will still last,
? continually
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
9,The new Prime Minister is relationships with the
neighboring countries,
? cultivated
10,My report may some people as pessimistic,but at
least it’s realistic about the problems we face,
? strike
Ex,11 Fill in the blanks with the words given below,Make
changes where necessary,
Continually decline margin count amaze
cultivate assume abuse bond strike
1,His remarks ______ me______,because his words were so
rude,
? brought … up short
2,But the brochure ____ me ______ believe that the price
included home delivery,
? led … to
Ex,12 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions
from the passage,Make changes where necessary,
3,They _______ the pressure on the producer with ads in the
press,
? cranked up
4,_________ mathematics,I should say I’m very slow at it,
? When it comes to
Ex,12 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions
from the passage,Make changes where necessary,
5,Two families who could not pay the rent were threatened to
be_______ onto the street,
? put out
Ex,12 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions
from the passage,Make changes where necessary,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
1.如果我知道他那么忙的话,我就不会给他添那样多的麻烦了 。
(would have +V-ed)
trouble him so much
I wouldn’t have troubled him so much if I had known he
was so busy,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
2,一谈到音乐, 她就很兴奋, 开始与你聊天 。 （ when it comes
to）
chat with you
When it comes to music,she gets very excited and chatted
endlessly with you,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
3,怎么都行, 就是不能告诉她, 否则全世界都会知道 。
（ Whatever）
or
Whatever you do,don’t tell her or the world will know,
,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
4,虽然我们刚刚认识, 但我已对她的绝顶聪明留下了深刻的印
象 。 (be struck)
only just met extreme intelligence
We’d only just met,but I was already struck quite
forcibly by her extreme intelligence,
Ex,13 Translate the following sentences into English,
5.她说她将到美国去, 这话把我给楞住了 。 （ bring up short）
She said she was going to America,which brought me up
short,
Reading Skills Practice
Identifying Author’s Purpose
Identifying the author’s purpose is one of the reading skills to
test readers’ understanding on the discourse level,When
identifying the author’s purpose,firstly,we should know the main
idea of the passage,because the author’s purpose is always
related to the major topic of the passage,Secondly,we should
only judge or identify the author’s purpose according to the text,
rather than your own ideas,Therefore,understanding the main
idea of a passage is essential for identifying the author’s purpose,
Following are the words often used to identify the author’s
purpose and attitude,
positive; negative,neutral,critical,doubtful,suspicious,indifferent,
concerned,pessimistic,optimistic,factual,impartial,obj ctive,
subjective,ironic,cynic,emoti nal,polite,humorous,etc,
The following questions can also help you in finding out about
the author’s purposes,
Who is the intended audience?
What is the tone?
What is the point of view?
Does the author try to prove anything about the subject? If so,what?
Read the following short passages and try to identify the
author’s purpose,Underline the cue words in the passage and
tell why they can help us understand the author’s purpose,
Exercise
Passage 1
In America,the first aim of education was to prepare
children to read the Bible and its intent was religious,Later on
the purpose was to enable people to read and write,and take
part in the democratic process,Still later,the purpose became
to prepare young people for jobs in a modern society,At no
time was the aim of education to prepare students to become
individuals or complete human beings,This aspect of
education was left to the home,church,mass media,and the
city streets,To a certain large extent,it still remains there,Yet
in a society that can be factors in industrial production,the
purpose of education must once again change,It must begin
to educate people to live full and meaningful lives in which
“jobs” are at best only incidental,or at least oriented toward
human service rather than physical productivity,
1,It can be concluded that the author’s philosophy of education
is aimed at_________,
A) increasing the gross national product
B) improving the quality of human life
C) preparing loyal and patriotic citizens
D) keeping America strong
2,Which of the following conclusions does the passage
support?
A) Jobs eventually will become unnecessary,
B) Financial considerations should never replace human
considerations,
C) Industrial productivity is a necessary evil,
D) People should not be educated against their will,
3,The author’s attitude towards the aims of education in
the past is of _________,
A,criticism
B,approval
C,respect
D,indifference
Passage 2
We’re seeing the outlines of how the Net revolution is
transforming selling,Some million-dollar products will still
be sold person to person,Other products,like many
bought by Wal-Mart and other big retailers,will get
reordered automatically without any human interaction,
And millions of others between these extremes will shift
toward the Net,where human buyers will make choices
based on a new kind of interaction,It will be fascinating to
watch,In this way as in many others,the Net puts
everything out in the open,We’ll soon see who has
relationships with their customers and who doesn’t,
1,The author’s attitude towards the Net is ________
A,negative
B,indifferent
C,objective
D,ironic
2,The author’s purpose to mention the Net is ________,
A,to show the transformation of selling business
B,to show how Net is working for business
C,to show the selling and buying system on the Net
D,to show how Net changes the relationships between
sellers and buyers,
同位语翻译 (Translating Skills,Appositive)
结构复杂同位语
名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语
可以充当同位语的有名词, 代词, 介词短语, 不定式等 。 同
位语通常放在有关成分 （ 本位语 ） 之后, 并对其内容进行进
一步的解释说明 。 同位语一般用逗号与本位语隔开 （ 但有时
也可不隔开 ） 。 下面举例说明有关同位语的各种表达方式及
其翻译方法,
Exercises
同位语从句
Example
You may leave it to us two,
你可以把这件事交给 我们 两个 。
This is Mr,Zhou,director of our hospital,
这是我们医院 院长 周先生 。
She seemed different from them all,
她似乎和 他们 所有的人都不同 。
This theory was advanced by Li Siguang,
a famous Chinese geologist.这一理论是由
中国的一位著名的地质学家李四光提出的 。
1．名词或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语，一般与本位语译在一起,
Example
Then arose the question where we were to
get the machines needed,
这时就产生了这样一个 问题,我们到哪儿
去找需要的机器 。
They visited eight cities,for example,
London and Paris,
他们访问了八座 城市, 例如伦敦, 巴黎 。
2,有些同位语结构复杂一些，如由引导词引导，翻译时一般译
在本位语之后，且要用标点符号（逗号或破折号）隔开。
Example
I had no idea that you were here,
我不知道你也在这儿 。
Obviously there was little probability that
they would succeed,but they didn’t mind,
很显然他们成功的 可能性 极小, 但是他们
不在意 。
3,在某些涵义需要进一步说明的名词（如 idea,fact,news,hope,
belief,thought,doubt等）后可用 that从句作同位语，称为同位
语从句。翻译时可译成该名词的定语。
Ex,15 Translate the following sentences into Chinese and pay
special attention to the appositive in italics,
1,We expressed the hope that they would come and visit
China again,
? 我们表示希望他们再次访问中国 。
2,The story goes that William Tell did kill the tyrant with that
arrow,
? 传 说威廉 ·泰勒真用这支箭射死了暴君 。
Ex,15 Underline the appositive in the following sentences and then
translate them into Chinese,
3,There is not probability that human beings will ever be
controlled by robots,
? 人类 受机器人控制德可能性是不存在的 。
4,She went to the meeting on the supposition that people
would not assail her with questions,
? 她 参加了这次会议, 心想人们是不会向她提许多问题的 。
Ex,15 Underline the appositive in the following sentences and then
translate them into Chinese,
5,I’ve come from Mr,Lin with a message that he won’t be
able to see you this attention,
? 我从林先生那儿来, 他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你
了啦 。
6,The middle-aged man is a newly elected team leader,able,
open,and sincere,
? 那位中年人是新选出的队长, 他 能干, 开朗而又诚恳 。
Ex,15 Underline the appositive in the following sentences and then
translate them into Chinese,
8,Their staff of 360,mostly former housewives,help the
residents with their laundry and mending,
? 他们有 360名 职工, 大部分原来是家庭妇女, 现在帮助居民
做一些洗涤, 缝补的事 。
7,His only interest in life,playing football,has brought
him many friends。
? 他生活中唯一感 兴趣的东西 是踢足球, 这使他得到很多朋
友 。
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