1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 1 - ? 3c ? ? e?"d¥ ?D ? ??9 ?¥f ??Z9 ? e?"d¤?<W¥?¨ ? ?"d e? ? ? μ ?×1¥ 1êb?? ? ?"d?i?"a ?a ?3) ??V? ? ? "d μBt?+ ¥? ?b/ ? n5) ??"D ??t ? ?"d¥+ yù5¥ ? D í ? ?ay ? ? ?"d¥ ?D ?b ?|¥?"D ? ?|¥?" ?"V?  ?m  ? U9 ? e?"d$ e` ^ ???|T¨/yT¥  e? ?| a {?| D U # Q ??| a? I { |?| S U ? (1 ???| 79 ?¥ { ?a {?| ^ ? ?¥ ?3?|b )( 1 tu )(tf DA/ )(tr )(tc ?3 9 ? )(tf AD / )(te )(kTe )(kTu )( 1 tu $ e ` Q ? ? m 3.1 9 ? e? "d m ??9 ?) ?¥ ^=é? ¥ ??  { |?|? ? ^ ???| ?[μ? | 1üV  ?D   "%M?9 ? ?¤ s¥ ?3?| b??| ?? ?|M1 ? ??|¥V??1 ?" b )(te )(kTe L=?" ? ^?"¥ ?í ?  8 LC ?? '? ? V[¨B? 71V UYè?1? " 71 ? Ub ???| F?" 71B ?" 71[ B?? p 7> 6B L¤? ? ??| b?" 71 ?Q>? HW )(te )( * te ε  V[ a1 ^ §W??b?" 71>?BQü a1¤? ???| ¥ B H Y¥′ b?"¥?" 71?1 ?X?" 71[a ? a¥?" 71? ^· ?X?" 71e?1?" 71b  )(te )(kTe ? ?" 71>?¥? p V[|?"é?s ?b  ?T?" 71 ^? HWW??" 5?1 ?Y?"a ( ?"a? ù?"?b ?"W? HW?1?"? ùè¨ 5V Ub  ?T?"¥ HWW? ^ HM¥5?1d? ù?"ad ( ?"?b  ?T?" 71?"¥ HWW? ^ ?¥5?1 ??"b B? ? ?"d?aai?? " 71b ?T"d? ?μ?" 71] H?" 5?1]??" ?5?1d]??"b ?T ?μ?" 71? ^ ( ?"??" ? ù??5?1 ??"b / ?où?]?? ù?""db  ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 1 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 2 - ?"?|¥ ?D í ? 1 ?""dé?? a?? ù?üA?¨ ?DVr T í ??|¥?"V ?ù? ? ??|¥?éb/ ? n5ù??"?|¥ ?DVr Tb  ???| üV[? ù 5 ( ?"¥ ?X?" 7 1¤? ? ??   b 7 G* U }V?"?| V[Vr1 )(tf )}({ kTf K,2,1,0=k     () ∑ +∞ = ?= 0 * )()( k kTtkTftf δ ? )( kTt ?δ 1?ê f ? 3 ? X δ f ? b ??? kTt ≠ H 0)( =?kTtδ  ?[    () ∑ +∞ = ?= 0 * )()( k kTttftf δ ??l     () ∑ +∞ = ?= 0 )( k T kTtt δ δ 5    )()()( * ttftf T δ= T   T  ü ^?"?|¥ ?DVr Tb? T   T  V p?"? |¥ ? ? ? ?MDVr Tb T  é? ? fMD¤      ∑ +∞ = ? = 0 * )()( k kTs ekTfsF T  ^?"?|¥ ? fMDVr Ta ?|? T  y ? ; MDD ? fMD- W¥×1 ó"b / ? T  é? ? fM D V[¤? 6B? T¥?"?|¥ ? fMDVr Tby1 )(t T δ ^? ùf ?  ?[ V[Z 71ˉ ?? T¥± ú= 'PVSJFS ) ?     () tjk k k T s ect ω δ ∑ +∞ ?∞= = ? T s /2πω = 1?"? ? q ?/ T9 ?c k  dtet T c tjk T T Tk s ω δ ? ? ∫ = )( 1 2 2 T dtet T tjk T T s 1 )( 1 2 2 == ? ? ∫ ω δ    | T  } ? T  ¤  () tjk k T s e T t ω δ ∑ +∞ ?∞= = 1    | T  } ? T  ¤  tjk k s e T tftf ω ∑ +∞ ?∞= = 1 )()( * tjk k s etf T ω ∑ +∞ ?∞= = )( 1     T  | ? fMD¤   [] ∑ +∞ ?∞= = k tjk s etfL T sF ω )( 1 )( *  ! ? ? fMDêM? ?¤)]([)( tfLsF =  ∑ +∞ ?∞= += k s jksF T sF )( 1 )( * ω    T  ?1{ ? (Poisson) p? Tb ? ü?"?| ¥ ? fMD De ? ??| ¥ ? fMD ó "  ?b V[°¤V s ¥ ? qY? b / ?ü? A? ?? V U? T¥? ùf ? é? ¥ ? ?s H?ZL )( * tf )( * sF )(tf )(sF )(sF )( * sF )( * sF )( * tf ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 2 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 3 - V[ b# A ? ??¥?Yb   ?¤?  T  ?  TV U¥?"?|¥ ? fMD¥ ??NVr Tb ù ?? ? T0? ^í k) ??¨ T  Yè V[ü ?> T'3f ?¥? T7¨ T  ?? ?ü ?> Tb )( * sF )( * sF ?"? ? 9 ? e?"d ? ?39 ?¥ { ^ ?3? 31üV ?i D  %" | ?M? ??¥ e??| z? e? ?b ??| ? ??|M1 ???|¥V ??1 ˉC ? bˉC?|¥ ?Yè?1 ? b 1 V ? ??|ˉC ?? ?|313 % ?ù5?Ba ? ?  ??V ? ??| ?ˉ?e ???| $? a ^?c  ¥ ???$ ?= L= ?¨ I 1"¥ ? $ )( * tf ft() )( * tf ft() '? n5o  ?"? ? ?V ? ? ó ?|ˉC¥Hq b ?ao ˉC? |¥ ??1o K訥 ,¨ ?  b A ? ?" ? qú ¤í b? L= ?" ? q? ? ?iú 9μ B?¥Kb ?" ? qú t ?  4 LCb * 1 ?" ? qú ?μ V ?V ?ˉ? $?"? ?V ? ?  3 % ?B 45 ?ó ?"?|ˉCe ??? | A3¥K??" ? qb?B? ? n5 ^? 1 ? ?+ (Nyquist,1928)4¥bi Oa ?1P j (Shannon,1948)V? ? ?¥4? ?£ üb?"? ?¥' = ?? ? ?/ )( * tf ft() )( * tf ft() ?"? ? ??" ¥?" ? q s ω v???  { ? ???| ¥ ? ??K ú ? q )(tf max ω ¥ ' max ωω ≥ s 5 ?V?"?| ?? ?ˉC b)( * tf )(tf ?"? ?¥2 ?? 4V ? ?s ?¤?¥2 ?T°4¥ a üb / ?? T  s?"?|¥ ? ?b  T  ? 7 ωjs = ¤?"?|¥ ? q+?1  ∑ +∞ ?∞= += k s jkjF T jF )( 1 )( * ωωω    B? a ? ?? HWf ? G U ¥? ? ? ( )ωjF ^B??B¥ ?? ? ?  ? ? ?Kú ? q ^íK¥b ?m  B ? U L= ? ? qM?ú H ( )ωjF ¥′? lb ?[ a1 L=?| μμK¥Kú ? q max ω b       m  ???|¥ ? ? |  TZ 7¤  )( 1 )( 1 )2( 1 )( * ωωωωωω jF T jjF T jjF T jF ss +?+?+=L L+++ )( 1 s jjF T ωω  7 ω ω ω=+ os ¤  )( * so jjF ωω + )( 1 )( 1 00 ωωω jF T jjF T s +?+=L )( 1 0 s jjF T ωω ++   L+++ )2( 1 0 s jjF T ωω )( 0 * ωjF=  ÷1B?1μ ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 3 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 4 -  )()( ** ωωω jFjkjF s =+ L,2,1,0 ±±=k    Vn ^B?? ùf ?? ù1)( * ωjF s ω  uW [ ] maxmax ,ωω? =  )( 1 )( 1 )2( 1 )( * ωωωωωω jF T jjF T jjF T jF ss +?+?+=L   )( 1 s jjF T ωω++ L+++ )2( 1 s jjF T ωω  ?? max ωω ?≤  max ωω ≥ H 0)( =ωjF  ?[? ?@ max 2 ω ω ≥ s 5μ  0)( 1 =+ s jkjF T ωω  L,2,1±±=k  5  )( 1 )( * ωω jF T jF =     () ()ωω jF T jF 1 * =    ?"? ^B?? ù1)( * ωjF ω s ¥? ùf ?? uW [ ] maxmax ,ωω? = () ()ωω jF T jF 1 * = V??"?| ¥ ? ? ?m  B ? Ub)( * tf                     m  ? ??|¥ ? ? ?T? ?@ max 2 ω ω ≥ s ' max 2ωω < 5 uW [ ] maxmax ,ωω? = )( * ωjF )( 1 ωjF T ≠ b ()ωjF * ? ??òo??Mo×? ?m  C ? U?ü ^ o ? ??p C`b Vm  B V[ A? max 2ωω ≥ s  ?T üVB? ?m  B ? U¥ ?X ro  5 Vü L[?¥ ? qY?? r? ?m  C ? U? H?|¥ ? ?o ^?′ 1e?| ? ?¥ )( * tf T 1 7?B"b yN üV ?X?Y ro  aü V[?ˉ?  ?ì1 a?1L?bv )( * tf )(tf T 1  b ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 4 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 5 - V m  C V[ A? max 2ωω < s H üV ?X ro a¥ ? ? ?m  D De?| ? ?M 1á 3 MbyN?ˉ??e?|b?ü ^?"? ? ?·¥2 ?b )( * tf ?"? ?¥?ì ?D£ ü V?nμ1óDb ?|¥ ? ?"? ?·??" ? qv? e ???| ? ? ?cKú ? q¥  H V[ ?ˉ?e ???| o ^31 ?X ro b??? ?X ro  L=  ^?i¥b y? Yè¨Bt+? D ?X ro Mí¥?Y ro }9 b è ?o ,¨ ? paoB¨ ? p[#oú¨ ? p?b  ,¨ ?  Ke?K訥 ^ ,¨ ?  (zero-order holde:1 ZOH) ?DB¨aú¨  ? M1 μMêìal[#^?y? LC?a?b ?[  ? ?"d?B? ??¨ ,¨ ?  ? ?¨B¨ ? ?ú¨ ? b ,¨ ? ¥T¨ ^ü B?" H Y L5¥?"′ ??1 ??/B?? " H Y L  5 ' )(kTf [ ]TkkTt )1(, +∈ uW = ,¨ ? ¥ {′B° ?1 b ?m  ? Ub )(kTf           m  ,¨ ? ¥? ? F ?  { ? ¥ ? ??| B?? ^ ?3 e? ¥ {?|á ìi?  3 ?¥+?b 1 ù? ? ¥+? á ì¨BX?¥ ???| ¥?"′ F  ? ¥ { ? ù?  {o? D -W¥μYV7 V[ A ?  ¥+?b )(tf )( * tf )(tf h )(tf Vm  V[ A ???| üV?" ¤? ? ??|  üV ,¨ ? ¤? ??¥¨0?|  ?Tü ¥ ú ?s  r? ü¤? ??; á¥?|  D ?í ?M ]o ^ìa ???"? ù? ^ ,¨ ? ? ¥b ,¨  ? ¥ìar?ó"d{ ?? ?¥?YbV  ?¥s A ,¨ ? ' ü ?ˉ?  b )(tf )( * tf )( * tf )(tf h )(tf h )( 1 tf )( 1 tf )(tf )( * tf )(tf 1  ?@"dsa !9¥31 `  ?"díqB"?A3y ? ,¨ ? ¥ ?D ?w? ?¥.?f ?? ? q+?b  I3  ? ^?W?¥¨0?| H×Vr T1)(tf h    )(tf h [)(1)(1)( 0 TkTtkTtkTf k ????= ∑ +∞ = ] | ? fMD¤ ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 5 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 6 -  []})(1)(1{)()( 0 TkTtkTtLkTfsF k h ????= ∑ +∞ =  ? ? ? ? ? ? ?= +?? +∞ = ∑ TskkTs k e s e s kTf )1( 0 11 )( s e ekTf Ts kTs k ? ? +∞ = ? = ∑ 1 )( 0   s e Ts? ? = 1   kTs k ekTf ? +∞ = ∑ 0 )(  s e Ts? ? = 1 )(* sF  yN ,¨ ? ¥.?f ?1  s e sF sF sG Ts h oh ? ? == 1 )( )( )( *    ,¨ ? ¥ ? Y?f ?1  [ ] )(1)(1)()( 1 TttsGLtg ohoh ??== ?     T b#1V ü  ,¨ ? ¥+?b ^ú1  z1)(tg oh T ¥Zo B?? "? ù =?"′ üV ?  ?;?bv9? ?h  ??"? ù =¥ {  àμ?Yb  ,¨ ? ¥ ? q+?1  ω ω ω j e jG Tj oh ? ? = 1 )(  B  | T B ?· ?? T V[ A ,¨ ? ¥×1+?b  2 2 )( 22 2 j ee ejG T j T j T j oh ωω ω ω ω ? ? ? = 2 sin 2 2 T e T j ω ω ω ? =   2 2 2 sin T j e T T T ω ω ω ? =  C  ?[ ,¨ ? ¥?aM ? q+?sY1  ?=TjG oh )( ω 2 2 sin T T ω ω  B   ? ? ? ? ? =∠ ? ? 2 2 )( T T oh jG ω π ω ω  sin sin ω ω T T 2 0 2 0 p ≥  C  ? ?+?aM ?+?sY ?m  B a C ? Ub          ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 6 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 7 -             m  ,¨ ? ¥? ?+?aM ?+? Vm  B Vn ,¨ ? ¥ ? ?? ?X ro ¥ ? ?m  B μM]¥ +??μBtμ Yb ,¨ ? 9 ^?Y ro ? àμ?? ? q ?"  ? { ? ?YV? ? ??F¥òQ~o ? ?YVBl?s7 O ,¨ ?   μ???"? ù¥ BìabyN? ,¨ ? ˉC¥?|De?|μtμYby 1  0 lim →T 1 2 2 sin = T T ω ω  ?[??"? ù 5 |¤l  ?μY9ülb  ,¨ ? ' &1?e? ?^ LCb?éèü ^B? L=¥ è0b ?¤ s B? ? ?|a ?B?à/B??|? ?- - ?B° ??Mb9 ? ¥ 7 i ? ?i D 9 μ ,¨ ?T¨b7i ü kT H Y¥ ?3B° ? ?/B??" H Y 7 ?i D ü ?3 ? ? D?  E  V7?ˉe?|b  Ka31·¥ ^? ? ?"d ? q+?μ ü ?¥t ?il?? ??" d¥ { ?a { ( ^ ???| ?[á ì V[¨?? ? q¥~o?|¥ { ?D Y ?¥1" ??l ? ¥ ? q+?b7 ,¨ ? ¥ { ? ^ ? ? ?¤ sB? ? q¥ ??~o?|b ?[ ,¨ ? ¥ ? q +?? ?¨  ω ? q¥???| { ? H {D { ?¥?′ 1#Mêμ ?3 d÷? ?¨M?¥? k ??"d ? q+?¥ L ZE¤?b  B¨ ?  B¨ ?  ^B?? ??"′ D)(kTf ( )[ ]Tkf 1? L??w? p?ˉ ? ?? |¥ ? b ?¥?w {1  =+ )( τkTf )(kTf ( )[ ] τ T TkfkTf 1)( ?? +  T<<τ0(    B¨ ? ¥ ? Y? ?m  B ? Ub Vn1  £L??w ?? H Y ¥?"′¥T¨? ^ü? ??"? ùbT1C H Y¥?"′?B??"? ù ¥?w| q1? " T  ¥| q??B[ T kTf )( ¥ T¨???=??"? ù?¥?"′Ca  ?üM?V ? H Y¥?"′ ?  T  ¥| q??= [ ()[] T Tkf 1?? ¥T¨ ?[?=??"? ù ú | q1μ' T 1 ? b ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 7 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 8 -               m B¨ ? ¥ H×+?  | ? Y?f ?s3? ?m  C ¥?F V¤B¨ ? ¥.?f ?  =)(sG h TsTsTsTs e Ts e s e Ts e s Ts s 2 2 2 22 112211 ???? ++??+   2 ) 1 )(1( Ts e TsT Ts? ? +=    B¨ ? ¥ ? q+?1  )( ωjG h 2 ) 1 )(1( Tj e TjT Tj ω ω ω? ? +=     2 2 2 2 sin )(1)( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? += T T TTjG h ω ω ωω  B  ∠ =)( ωjG h TTtg ωω ? ?1  C  B¨ ? ¥? ?+?a M ?+? ?m  B a C ? Ub1 L?D ,¨ ? 1?m?] H¨′L?  ,¨ ? ¥?aM ? q+? wLb                ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 8 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 9 -          m B¨ ? ¥? ?+?aM ?+?  Vm  V[ AB¨ ? ¥? ?+?? ,¨¥1úˉCrTz] H ??é?v¥ú ? s B¨ ? ¥taMM91 ,¨ ? ¥vbV ? ¥ ? Y? ?^ A  ,¨ ? o ??z1ˉC¨f ??|7B¨ ?  ?? z1ˉC ?f ??|b μsZ? 3.2.1 μsZ?¥à Q ??" e?"d"d?Btíq ^ ?? T¥?t ?? Tí q ˉ V?± sZ?.?f ? í ????"d? t1Z¥?| ^?¥?"¥ ?[ 31¨μsZ? ;.?f ? í ? ??íq { ? {?" H Y¥′-W¥1"b  ? ? HW"d? ?|¥1M  ^ ? ?¥??′ 31¨μsZ? í ?"d ¥? ?+?b k ?lμsZ?????  # Mê? )(ky ),1( +ky ),2( +ky L  L [# ? # Mê? ),1( ?ky ),2( ?ky )(kx ),1( +kx ),2( +kx L  L ?b è ? ),1( ?kx ),2( ?kx (3.24) )()()3( 2 kxkyky =?+ )()()1(2)2(3 kxkykyky =+?+ (3.25) )()( 1 2 )2(3 2 kxky k kyk = + ++ (3.26) )()3(12)2(16)1(7)( kxkykykyky =???+?? (3.27) μsZ?¥ ¨ ? ?l1??? ¥1M ?|?Kú′DK?′-μb è ? (3.24)a(3.27) ^ 3¨μsZ? (3.25)a(2.26) ^ 2¨μsZ?b ?μsZ??¥???  ^?9Z T'? a)(ky )1( +ky a )2( +ky ,LL ?F ? ¥ μsZ??1 -_μsZ? b ?μsZ??¥??? ¥?| ^?hZ T '? a a ,LL ?F?¥μsZ??1 a_μsZ? b è ? (3.24)j(3.26) ^ -_μsZ? (2.27)1a_μsZ?b ?? T¥μsZ? í ?" d àμ'é¥μY b B ? ?"d ^¨ -_μsZ?? ^¨a_μsZ? í ?1? 8 f ?7?b )(ky )1( ?ky )2( ?ky ?μsZ?? ?B[c¥???  (? ) Mê? ?[L?? TC 5? ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 9 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 10 - 1 L?μsZ? ?5?1dL?μsZ?b è ? (2.26)a(3.27) ^L?μsZ?b (3.24)a (3.25) ^dL?μsZ?y1 ?cdL?[ ?)( 2 ky )()1( kyky + b ?μsZ?? ?B[¥" ?D ? ?M  í15?1 è" ?μsZ? ?5 ?1M" ?μsZ?b è ?(3.26)1M" ?L?μsZ? (3.24)a (3.25)1è" ? dL?μsZ? (3.27) ^è" ?L?μsZ?b k μsZ??¥1M  V[ ^ HW ?i?K? HW?  ? í ?¥ 8"d 7?b è ?è ^"d?è[ò??¥?|òí ^¥?|1M b ?? ? ? ?"d  { ? {?| (1 ? ??|? H"dí E¨±sZ?   ? ?? ? í ? o ?¨μsZ?a ;.?f ?? ? ? ? í ?b / ?  è a üb  è L H ?¥9 ? ? ?3 e?  ? UL5 H¥ {′1 b 1 9 ? ? V ??¨ C H Y¥ { ?′ # |17i ¥V ? H Y¥ { ? ′  …?V ? H Y¥ {′ )(kTy )(kTx ])1[( Tkx ? ])2[( Tkx ? ])1[( Tky ?  ])2[( Tky ? … L !9 ??? ^L?¥5 V[¨μsZ? í ?1  ])1[(])[(])1[()()( 110 TkyaTmkxbTkxbkTxbkTy m ???++?+= L   ])2[( 2 Tkya ?? ])[( Tnkya n ???L     ])[(])2[(])1[()( 21 TnkyaTkyaTkyakTy n ?++?+?+ L   ])[(])1[()( 10 TmkxbTkxbkTxb m ?++?+= L   T?B C1F ?" ?b 3.2.2 ±sZ? í ?¥μs? 9 ? e?"d?$ e `aa ^ ??"dB?¨±sZ? í ??? ?9 ? e?"d ^ ? ?"d ?[31y ?$ e`¥μsZ? ?D ?b Y L  ??"d¥ { ? ? {1" V[¨±sZ? í ?? ? ? H Y¥ ?D1"9 V[¨μsZ? í ? by? èè? ??"d¥±sZ? í ?¤??N¥ μ sZ? í ?byN/ ?o ?±sZ? í ?MD1μsZ? í ?¥ZEb / ?o  ?訥MDZ Eb n5o B??NMDZE ?ao B?í ?MDZEb 1. ?NMDZE n5 I nB¨L?±sZ? )()( )( tKxty dt tdy =+τ (3.30) !"d¥?"? ù ^ Ti !"d { ?B??"? ù = ??M ' (3.31) )()( kTxtx = TktkT )1( +<≤ y1?"? ù T?l ?[  ?L ! ^? ?¥b? HZ? (3.30)?1 )()( )( kTKxty dt tdy =+τ (3.32) ? HZ? (3.32)μB?+3 TktkT )1( +<≤ (3.33) )()( kTKxty p = ?¥ ?3¥B?? T ^ )()( kTKxCety t += ? τ (3.34) ? C ^sè ?b? H¤ kTt = )()( kTKxCekTy kT += ? τ yN ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 10 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 11 - [] τ kT ekTKxkTyC )()( ?= (3.35) ?[? HZ? (3.32)¥31 TktkT )1( +<≤ [])()()()( kTKxekTKxkTyty kTt +?= ? ? τ (3.36) ? H? T (3.36)¤ Tkt )1( += [][ ] )()()()1( kTKxekTKxkTyTky T +?=+ ? τ  [] )()1()()1( kTxeKkTyeTky TT ττ ?? ?=?+ (3.37) T(3.37)ü ^ í ? ??"d { ? { ? ?" H Y-W1"¥μsZ?b )(ty )(tx V  ?w?V? Vn o1 ?@Hq (3.31) T5 p3μsZ? (3.37)D p3±s Z? (3.30) ?¤?¥ { ?" H Y ^M?¥byNü?" H Y7y??M D ^?N¥ ?[?1?NMDb / ? I n=¨"d !?/ =¨L?è±sZ? í ?b )()( )( )( )( 21 2 2 21 tKxty dt tdy dt tyd =+++ ττττ (3.38) ! )()( kTxtx ≡ TktkT )1( +<≤ (3.39) 1ü T (3.38)?1L?μsZ?? ??WM  )(tz )( )( )( 2 ty dt tdy tz +=τ (3.40) 5 )()( )( 1 tKxtz dt tdz =+τ (3.41) T(3.40)? (3.41) ^B¨±sZ?F?N? T (3.38) í ?b T(3.41) ^ B¨±sZ?7 O ?@ T (3.39) ?[? T (3.37) V[¤?D  ?N¥μsZ? [] )()1()()1( 11 kTxeKkTzeTkz TT ττ ?? ?=?+ (3.42) ]" ! )( )( )( 1 ty dt tdy t +=τω (3.43) 5 )()( )( 2 tKxt dt td =+ω ω τ (3.44) T(3.44)¥?NμsZ?1 [] )()1()()1( 22 kTxeKkTeTk TT ττ ωω ?? ?=?+ (3.45) ? T (3.42)¤ [][] [TkxeKTkzeTkz TT )1()1()1()2( 11 +?=+?+ ?? ττ ] (3.46) | T (3.42) He[ 2 τ T e ? a? T (3.46)Mh¤ [] [] )()1()()2( )( 2121 kTzeTkzeeTkz TTTT ττττ +??? +++?+ [] )()1()1()1( 121 kTxeKeTkxeK TTT τττ ??? ??+?= (3.47) ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 11 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 12 - ]"? T (3.45)¤ [][] [TkxeKTkeTk TT )1()1()1()2( 22 +?=+?+ ?? ττ ωω ] (3.48) | T (3.45) He[ 1 τ T e ? a? T (3.48)Mh¤ [] [] )()1()()2( )( 2121 kTeTkeeTk TTTT ωωω ττττ +??? +++?+ [] )()1()1()1( 212 kTxeKeTkxeK TTT τττ ??? ??+?= (3.49) | T (3.47)e[ 1 τ h T (3.49)e[ 2 τ ¤ [][] [][{}TkTkzeeTkTkz TT )1()1()()2()2( 2121 21 +?++?+?+ ?? ωττωττ ττ ] {} []TkxeeKkTkTze TTTT )1()()()( 2121 212121 )( ++??=??+ ??+? ττττ ττττωττ )()( )( 2 )( 112 212121 kTxeeeeK TTTTTT ττττττ ττττ +?+??? ?+?+ (3.50) | T (3.40)e[ 1 τ D T (3.43)e[ 2 τ Mh¤ )()()()( 2121 tyttz ττωττ ?=? (3.51) 5μ )()()()( 2121 kTykTkTz ττωττ ?=? (3.52) [][] [ ]TkyTkTkz )1()()1()1( 2121 +?=+?+ ττωττ (3.53) [][] [ ]TkyTkTkz )2()()2()2( 2121 +?=+?+ ττωττ (3.54) | T (3.52)j T(3.54)} ? T (3.50)i? ? )( 21 ττ ? y0¤ [] [] =+++?+ +??? )()1()()2( )( 2121 kTyeTkyeeTky TTTT ττττ [] )()()1()1( 21 21 )( 21 21 12 21 21 kTx ee eKTkx ee K TT TT TT ττ ττ ττ ττ ττ ττ ττ ? ? ?++ ? ? ? ?? +? ?? (3.55) μsZ? (3.55) ^±sZ? (3.38)¥?NMDb  ??NMD ù ?ú ??w? V??Ka2T?1?ˉ9 ? v+Y ^μsZ?" ?? "d? ?-W¥1"ˉby? è?¨í ?¥?w?V? ?Ka2T?1?e?¥í ?MDZEb/ ?o 訥B?í ?MDZEb 2. í ?MDZE ? ?Ds? ??¥2 ???"? ù T@l Hμ/ í ?? T? ? []{)()1( 1)( kTyTky Tdt tdy kTt ?+= = & } (3.56) [] [{}TkykTyTky Tdt tyd kTt )1(2)()2( 1)( 22 2 +?++= = & ] (3.57) [][][])()1(3)2(3)3( 1)( 33 3 kTyTkyTkyTky Tdt tyd kTt ?+++?+= = & (3.58) ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 12 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 13 - ])2[(6])3[(4])4[({ 1)( 44 4 TkyTkyTky Tdt tyd kTt +++?+= = & )}(])1[(4 kTyTky ++? (3.59) ?|±sZ?¥ò¨? ?[°¤ ¨  ?¥í ? T}9ü V¤?í ?¥μsZ ? í ?b è ?| (3.56) T} ?B¨±sZ? (3.30)¤ []{})()()()1( kTKxkTykTyTky T =+?+ τ ? ?¤ [] )()()1()1( kTKx T kTy T Tky ττ =??+ (3.60) 1? T (3.60)? (3.37)¥" ? Vn  ?í ? MDZE Lé  ^¨  ??¥í ?? T τ τ T e T ?= ? 1& yN τ/T ¥ ?′?l'?¨¥? ù T M?"d¥ HWè ? τ ?l Hí ? μsZ? (3.60)D?NμsZ? (3.37)¥ò[" ?′ ^1?¤í¥b ?[í ?MDZ E μB?¥ L¨N′b9 ? e?"d?è?¨??MDZEb ]"|? ?¥í ?? T} ?=¨±sZ? (3.38)¤ ]})1[(2)(])2[({ 1 2 21 TkykTyTky T +?++?ττ )()()}(])1[({ 1 )( 21 kTKxkTykTyTky T =+?+++ ττ ? ?¤ )()1(])1[()2(])2[( 2121 2 21 kTy TTT Tky TT Tky ττττττ ??+++???+ )( 21 2 kTKx T ττ = (3.61) μsZ? (3.61) ^±sZ? (3.38)¥í ?MDb ?T1|±sZ?MD1a_μsZ? V?¨/ í ?? T ]})1[()({ 1)( TkykTy Tdt tdy kTt ??= = & ]})2[(])1[(2)({ 1)( 22 2 TkyTkykTy Tdt tyd kTt ?+??= = & ]})3[(])2[(3])1[(3)({ 1)( 33 3 TkyTkyTkykTy Tdt tyd kTt ???+??= = & ])2[(6])1[(4)({ 1)( 44 4 TkyTkykTy Tdt tyd kTt ?+??= = & ]})4[(])3[(4 TkyTky ?+?? (3.62) 3. Bìa¥) ? μBìa HW L¥L?±sZ?1 m m nn n n n n dt Ltxd BtyA dt tdy A dt tyd A dt tyd )( )( )()()( 01 1 1 1 ? =++++ ? ? ? L )( )()( 1 1 1 1 LtxB dt Ltdx B dt Ltxd B mm m m ?+ ? ++ ? + ? ? ? L (3.63) ? H±sZ? (3.63)¥?NμsZ?1 0=L )(])[()(])1[(])[( 01 kTxbTmkxbkTyaTnkyaTnky mn +++=++?+++ LL ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 13 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 14 - ? H±sZ? (3.63)¥?NμsZ?51 0≠L )(])1[(])[( 1 kTyaTnkyaTnky n ++?+++ L ])[( 00 Tnmkxb ?+= ])[( 0 Tnkxb m ?++L (3.64) ? T L n = 0 b è ?B¨±sZ? )()( )( LtKxty dt tdy ?=+τ ?¥μsZ?1 ])[()1()(])1[( 0 TnkxeKkTyeTky TT ??=?+ ?? ττ (3.65) =¨±sZ? )()( )( )( )( 21 2 2 21 LtKxty dt tdy dt tyd ?=+++ ττττ ?¥μsZ?1 [] [] )()1()()2( )( 2121 kTyeTkyeeTky TTTT ττττ +??? +++?+ +?+ ? ? ?= ?? ])1[()1( 0 21 21 21 Tnkx ee K TT ττ ττ ττ ])[()( 0 21 21 )( 12 21 Tnkx ee eK TT TT ? ? ? ? ?? +? ττ ττ ττ ττ (3.66) èm è ^¥ { ? U H1 , UL5 H1 b p { ?D {W¥μsZ ?b )(kTu R C m 3.10 RC? ? u(t) y(t) 3è ^¥±sZ? í ?1  )()( )( tuty dt tdy RC =+   ?To I n 3$è ^¥ { ? {?" H Y ¥1" 5 V[?¨μsZ? í ?b ? T   ? T  ¤ T  ¥?NμsZ? í ?  )()1()(])1[( kTuekTyeTky RC T RC T ?? ?=?+   y1 3$ è ^ ^B¨L??è"d ?[  ?D ? ^B¨L?è" ?μ s Z ?b B? ? aO ¨L??è"d ??¥ ? ?¥ { ? {?" H Y¥1" V? O¨L?è" ?μsZ? í ?b  ? ? ?Z? D ??"dM ? ? ?"d; V[¨ ¨ { ? {μsZ? í ?9 V[¨V U1 n?B¨μsZ?F¥ ?Z? í ? b !L??è"d¥μsZ? í ?1 n )()()1()1()( 0011 kubkyakyankyanky n =++++?+++ ? L   ? ?M ê41 )()( 1 kykx =  )1()( 2 += kykx  ,L )1()( ?+= nkykx n 5"d¥  ? bWVr T1 ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 14 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 15 - )( 0 0 0 )( )( )( )( 1000 0100 0010 )1( )1( )1( )1( 0 1 2 1 1210 1 2 1 ku bkx kx kx kx aaaakx kx kx kx n n nn n ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + + + + ? ? ? MM L L MOMMM L L M  B [] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = )( )( )( 001 2 1 kx kx kx y n M L  C ?μsZ??cμ { ? ¥μs[ H'"d¥μsZ?1 )()1()1()( )()1()1()( 011 011 kubkubnkubnkub kyakyankyanky nn n ++++?+++= ++++?+++ ? ? L L   ? ?? ??"d?¥ZE ?M  V[ê41  )()()( 1 kubkykx n ?=   )()1()( 112 kuhkxkx ?+=  …… )()1()( 11 kuhkxkx nnn ?? ?+=   ?" ?  ?/ T9 ? i h ni ,,2,1 L=   nnn babh 111 ?? ?=   11222 )( hababh nnnn ??? ??=   2112333 )( hahababh nnnnn ???? ???= …… 1122221100 )( ???? ??????= nnnnnn hahahahababh L   5"d¥ ? bWVr T1 )( )( )( )( )( 1000 0100 0010 )1( )1( )1( )1( 1 2 1 1 2 1 1210 1 2 1 ku h h h h kx kx kx kx aaaakx kx kx kx n n n n nn n ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + + + + ?? ? ? MM L L MOMMM L L M  B [] )( )( )( )( 001 2 1 kub kx kx kx y n n + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = M L  C B? { ? {L??è ? ?"d¥ ? bWVr T1 )()()( )()()1( kDukCxky kBukAxkx += +=+    èX?L??è ? ?"d¥μsZ? í ?1  )(3)1()2(2)3()()1(3)2(4)3( kukukukukykykyky ++++++=++++++  p  ? bWVr Tb 3? T ¤  2142 3221 ?=×?=?= babh   6)2(4131)( 123112 =?×?×?=??= hababh   1664)2(3113)( 22113003 ?=×??×?×?=???= hahababh  5? T ¤"d¥ ? bWVr T1 ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 15 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 16 -  )( 16 6 2 )( )( )( 431 100 010 )1( )1( )1( 3 2 1 3 2 1 ku kx kx kx kx kx kx ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + + +  [] )( )( )( )( 001 3 2 1 ku kx kx kx y + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = "d¥2m ?m  ? Ub  1? z )(ku )(ky -16 1? z 1? z -4 -3 -1 6 -2 )( 1 kx)( 2 kx)( 3 kx m 3.11 ? ? "d2m 3.4 Z MD 3.4.1 ZMD¥?l ? ? ? ? (Laplace)MD  / ?e?1 LMD ?° ?= (Fourier)MD?sMD ±sZ? p3?¤ <W¥?¨bL?è" ?±sZ?YV LMDM?} ?Z ?V7 P p3±sZ?¤?e?byN ? ? ? ?MDD° ?=MD ^sL? ??"d¥?1y b?μsZ?9i ? ?¥MD?ü ^'?1o ¥ ZM Db ' W@? E M}[a9 ? e?"d¥á ??Z1 ZMD¥ù?D?¨ 7 B < ?¥?1b / ? n5ó ZMD¥ ?D?l ?ay ? LMDD ZMD-W¥1"V7 Y? ?ZE¥ ó"b 1. ZMD¥?l !?B ? ??  {f (k) }k=0,1,2,l?¥) ? (3.76) ∑ +∞ = ? 0 )( k k zkf l ?5?l?) ?1 ? ??  :1 Z{f(k)} ? R ^ˉ ?) ? ?  ? è 3.4 {f(k)}k=0,1,2, l¥ ZMD?1?H ZMD  ' )(zF ∑ +∞ = ? == 0 )()()}({ k k zkfzFkfZ )( Rz > (3.77) (3.76)¥ ' l ???b ZMD¥?l V[°¤ p¤Bte? ? ?? ¥ ZMDb pf (k)= ¥ ZMDb ? ? ? ≥ = 10 01 k k ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 16 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 17 - 1001)( 21 =+?+?+= ?? LLzzzF è 3.5 pf (k)= ¥ ZMDb ? ? ? ≠ = 20 21 k k 2321 0100)( ???? =+?+?+?+= zzzzzF LL è 3.6 pf (k)=1 k?¥ ZMDb  LL+++= ?? 21 1)( zzzF ? a) ? l ?Hq? z 1> μ 1 1 1 )( 1 ? = ? = ? z z z zF ?i? ZMD?l?¥ V[ ^ ?i¥ ?3? b  e?y?? ? ?? B?? ???|é??"¤?b !e ???|1 ü ?X?"¤?¥ ? ? ?|? 1 5? ZMD¥?l?"? ¥ ZMD?l1 )}({ kf )(tf )}({ kTf (3.78) ∑ ∞ = ? = 0 )()( k k zkTfzF 2. V LMD? ZMD / ?? ? ??|¥ LMD¤? LMDD ZMD-W¥1"b ! ??f ? iLMD)(tf )]([)( tfLsF = b ???| é??"¤? ¥ ? ??| V[V U1 )(tf )( * tf = (3.79) )( * tf ∑ +∞ = ? 0 )()( n kTtkTf δ )( * tf ¥ LMD1 = (3.80) )( * sF kTs k ekTf ? +∞ = ∑ 0 )( ?  T1 ? ??|¥ LMDD ZMD?l TM1? ?^ A z T S sFzF ln 1 * |)()( = = (3.81) Vn ZMD?? LMD?T M }D???2T ^dè쨥b V T (3.80) V[ A ? ??|¥ LMD X? ^ s¥L?f ?7 ^c · ?y0 ¥?f ?¨ ? ?s ? ?"d| ^dè ?P¥b T (3.81)? T   ?M }Da M1 )( * sF kTs e ? 1? z ¥L?Vr T V7¤ LMD?¨? ??L?"d ? μ¥B Ma?b ?  ?¥s V[¤? LMDD ZMD¥1" T1 (3.82a) Ts ez =  z T s ln 1 = (3.82b) (3.82) TQ?  S×s !9D Z×s !9¥×11"b 3. +? a ü (1)  e?y?? ? ??| Yè? ???| ?"¤? ?[ 8  ? ^ ¥ ZMD 7 L=  ^· ü?"a¤?¥ ? ??| ¥ ZMD b ]"8 9? ^ ¥ ZMD' ??9?"???T a ü )( * tf )(tf )(zF )(tf )(tf )( * tf )(zF )(sF ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 17 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 18 - (2) ^ ¥ LMD¥:| ^ {f(kT)}¥ ZMD¥:| M?1[1 ^ ?¥ s¨ )(sF )(tf )(zF )(zF )(sF z}9a¥ T0 ' zs sFzF = ≠ |)()(  (3) | ??f ? ¥ LMD?l T )(tf dtetftfLsF st ∫ ∞ ? == 0 )()]([)( D ? ??| ¥ ZMD?l T )( * tf ∑ ∞ = ? == 0 * )()]([)( k k zkTftfZzF M1? Vn LMD? ZMD¥?li/ ?1" ?[í kv1 K¥s??í k[ p?  ? ??f ? ???"?   )(tf )(kTf è ??M  U?? ? ?M  L  é -??l4×a??l ;×b 97y- ;MD Lé  ^ -MD¥B?w<M? yN μtóD?? ;M D1? ??f ?¥ -MDa ? -MDa ? ? -MD?b   ;MD?l?) ? o ∑  l ?p¥Hq ?N? -MD?l? ? é? -MD¥Hq  l ?bV ?D ?; MDo ^?D M ¥ -M D yN ??f ? ?é? ;MD¥Hq9F?¥1 pb 9ü ^ a ?é? - MD¥ ??f ?  ?"f ?  ? ??  9i ;MDb ∞ = ? 0 )( k k zkf )(tf dtetf st ∫ ∞ ? 0 )( )(tf )(tf )( * tf )}({ kTf ;MD¥'? ?  ?¨;MD¥'? ? V[ZL1 p tf ?¥ ;MD? p`f ? ' [ ¥ ;QMD9 V[? f ?¥ ;MD Tw?ef ?¥?é ?[ ? ìs ? ?"d H?μ¨)b / ?5W%o +? ? ?"d ? ??訥'? ? Ka  ?Bt? ?b   L?? ? !f ? a ? ¥ ;MDsY1 a ? OB1è ? 1D U? )(tf )( 1 tf )( 2 tf )(zF )( 1 zF )( 2 zF zí1¥M  5μ   B )()]([ zaFtafZ =  >  C )([ 1 tfZ ± )( 2 tf )( 1 zF ± )( 2 zF £ ü? ;MD¥?l¤    ∑ +∞ = ? = 0 )()]([ k k zkTaftafZ )()( 0 zaFzkTfa k k = ∑ +∞ = ? ;< > )( 1 tf ± )( 2 tf k k zkTfkTf ? +∞ = ± ∑ )]()([ 2 0 1   k k k zkTfzkTf ? +∞ = ? ±= ∑ )()( 2 0 1   k kk k zkTfzkTf ? +∞ = +∞ = ? ∑∑ ±= )()( 2 00 1  )()( 21 zFzF ± £8 ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 18 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 19 - T B ?1 Q?Hq T C ?1?F?HqbB? f ?/ ?@ Q?¥"di?B? ?@?F?b ?¨L?? ? V[? e?f ?¥ ;MD T p t??te?f ?L? F?7?¥ˉf ?¥ ;MD Tb ;MD¥L?? ?? 4w<?μ?f ?L?F?¥ f?b   ìa? ? !f ? ¥ ZMD1 5μ )(tf )(zF (3) ])()([)]([ 1 ∑ ? ?= ?? +=? mk km zkTfzFzmTtfZ ?? t<0 H 5μ 0)( ≡tf (3.85) )()]([ zFzmTtfZ m? =? £ ü? ZMD¥?l¤ ∑ +∞ = ? ?=? 0 )()]([ k k zmTkTfmTtfZ ∑∑ +∞ = ? ? = ? ?+?= mk k m k k zmTkTfzmTkTf )()( 1 0 ∑∑ +∞ = ?? ? ?= ?? += mi mi mk mk ziTfzkTf )()( 1 ∑∑ +∞ = ?? ? ?= ?? += mi im mk km ziTfzzkTfz )()( 1 )]()([ 1 zFzkTfz mk km += ∑ ? ?= ?? ?? t<0 , 5? k<0  ?[ 0)( ≡tf 0)( ≡kTf  )()]([ zFzmTtfZ m? =? £8 (3) ? -? ? !f ? ¥ ZMD1 5μ )(tf )(zF (3.86) ])()([)]([ 1 0 ∑ ? = ? ?=+ m k km zkTfzFzmTtfZ ? k=0,1,l,m-1 H 5μ 0)( =kTf (3.87) )()]([ zFzmTtfZ m =+ £ ü? ZMD?l¤ ∑ +∞ = ? +=+ 0 )()]([ k k zmTkTfmTtfZ ∑ +∞ = ?? = mi mi ziTf )( )( ])()([ 1 00 i m ii im ziTfziTfz ? ? = +∞ = ? ∑∑ ?= ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 19 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 20 - ])()([ 1 0 k m k m zkTfzFz ? ? = ∑ ?= ? k=01lm-1 H f (kT)=05 )()]([ zFzmTtfZ m =+ £8 ìa? ?D? -? ?d?1 üM? ? ^μsZ?¥ ZMD3E¥?1G b (4) ′? ? !f ? ¥ ZMD1 5μ )(tf )(zF )(lim)(lim)0( 0 zFtff zt ∞→→ ==  3.88a £ ü? ZMD¥?l¤ ∑∑ +∞ = ? +∞ = ? +== 10 )()0()()( k k k k zkTffzkTfzF ])()0([lim)(lim 1 ∑ +∞ = ? ∞→∞→ += k k zz zkTffzF ∑ +∞ = ? ∞→ += 1 )(lim)0( k k z zkTff )0( )(lim)0( 1 f zkTff k k z = += ∑ +∞ = ? ∞→ ?[μ )(lim)0( zFf z ∞→ = ?? l ?× = ) ? ^Bá l ?¥ ?[  ? p?D pK V[?D ¨?b £8 w ? !f ? f (t)¥ ZMD1 5μ )(zF m=0,1,2,…  3.88b ∑ ? = ? ∞→ ?= 1 0 ])()([lim)( m k km z zkTfzFzmTf ? T (3.88b) V[¤2 ? ? ^μ ?f ? O)(zF 0)( =kTf  ))1(,,1,0( ?= mk L  5 ¥s [ T1s0[ Tú mQb 0)( ≠mTf )(zF yN ?T ^1? z¥μ ?f ?5 V[? ?¥s0?s [ T¥Q ? ?? ??¥?  μ ? S′1 ,b ?T )(zF )(zF )(kTf 0)0( ≠f  * 1 ¥s0Ds [ TμM]¥Q ?b )(zF ?¨′? ?? ?^? B?f ?¥ ZMD°¤ p¤ ? ??  ¥′b )}({ kTf è3.7 X? 4 2 )1( 1232 )( ? ++ = z zz zF  p b )3(),2(),(),0( TfTfTff 3 ¥s 1s0¥Q ?ú 2Q ?[ )(zF 0)()0( == Tff 2)(lim)2( 2 == ∞→ zFzTf z 11]2)([lim)3( 22 =?= ? ∞→ zzFzTf z  5?′? ? !f ? f(t)¥ ZMD1  O)(zF )()1( zFz? Z ü ?[e?1??¥?ê? ? ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 20 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 21 - ?? àμ?5μ (3.89) )()1(lim)(lim)(lim)( 1 zFzkTftff zkt ?===∞ →∞→∞→ £ ü? ZMD¥?l¤ (3.90) )()()]([ 0 zFzkTftfZ k k == ∑ +∞ = ? ?? -? ?¤ (3.91) )0()()]([ zfzzFTtfZ ?=+ T(3.91)D T (3.90)Mh¤ )()0()()]([)]([ zFzfzzFtfZTtfZ ??=?+ )0()()1( zfzFz ??= ?L?? ?  T V? )0()()1()]()([( zfzFztfTtfZ ??=?+  ∑ +∞ = ? ??=?+ 0 )0()()1()]()([ k k zfzFzzkTfTkTf  T H | ¥K¤ 1→z ∑ +∞ = → ??=?+ 0 1 )0()()1(lim)]()([ k z fzFzkTfTkTf ?i )()0()()2()0()()]()([ 0 ∞+?=+?+?=?+ ∑ +∞ = ffTfTffTfkTfTkTf k L ?[μ )0()()1(lim)0()( 1 fzFzff z ??=?∞ → 5 )()1(lim)( 1 zFzf z ?=∞ → £8 è3.8 ! )208.0416.0)(1( 792.0 )( 2 2 +?? = zzz z zF  k ?? ¥?′b )( * tf 3 ¥?' ¥?1)()1( zFz? 0208.0416.0 2 =+? zz 406.0208.0 2,1 jz ±=  1456.0 2,1 <=z ' ¥???ê? = ?@?′? ?Hq ?[? T (2.64)¤ )()1( zFz? 208.0416.0 792.0 lim)()1(lim)( 2 2 11 +? =?=∞ →→ zz z zFzf zz 1 208.0416.01 792.0 = +? = ?¨?′? ? H 1+Y?i Hq ?5?¤p¥2 ?b / ?  è a üb ! )2)(1( )( ?? = zz z zF y1 2 )()1( ? =? z z zFz μB?? 2=z A ? 12 >=z  ? ?@?′? ?¥Hq ?[? ?¨?′? ?9 ?b?5?¤ 1 2 lim)()1(lim)( 11 ?= ? =?=∞ →→ z z zFzf zz ¥p2 ?b L=  ?")(tf t¥9F7 t?í kb ZMD¥Bt'? ? ?V 3.1?t? ?? ?^? ZMD¥?lF[£ üb ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 21 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 22 - V 3.1 ZMD'? ? ? ? ?  )(tg )(kg ZMD )(zG L?? ? )(taf )()( 21 tftf + )(zaF )()( 21 zFzF + )()( tumTtf ? ∑ ? ?= ??? + 1 )()( mk kmm zkTfzzFz ìa? ? )()( mTtumTtf ?? )(zFz m? ? -? ? )()( tumTtf + )()( mTtumTtf ++ ∑ ? = ? ? 1 0 )()( m k kmm zkTfzzFz f(0) )(lim zF z ∞→ ′? ? f(m) ∑ ? = ? ∞→ ? 1 0 ])()([lim m k km z zkfzFz ?′? ? )(∞f )()1(lim 1 zFz z ? → ˉ üM? ? )(tfe at±  )( asF m )( zeF aTm M ?? ? )(atf )( a zF ? ?=M  ¥±s? ? ),( atf a? ? ),( azF a? ? ?=M  ¥s? ? ∫ a daatf 0 ),( ∫ a daazF 0 ),( ?=M  ¥K? ? ),(lim 0 atf aa→ ),(lim 0 azF aa→ ? ? )(*)( 21 tftf )()( 21 zFzF ?s? ? ∑ ? = 1 0 )( k n nTf ∑ = k n nTf 0 )( )( 1 1 zF z? )( 1 zF z z ? μs? ? )(kTf n ? )(kTf n ? ∑ ? = ?? ???? 1 0 1 )0()1()()1( n j jjnn fzzzFz ∑ ? = ???? ????? 1 0 111 )1()1()()1( n j jjnn fzzFz Z× ±s? ? )(kkf )( 2 kfk )(kfk m )(zF dz d z? )]([ zF dz d z dz d z ?? )(][ zF dz d z m ? 3.4.3 ZMD¥'ZE / ?o +?訥 p | ZMD¥ZEb n5o °¤? ZMD?l p ZMD ¥o a) ? p?Ep ?ao [ ZMD'? ?1G ¥o?ss TEp Ka ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 22 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 23 - o ?ˉMf ? ? ?¥o = ?9 ?Epb 1. a) ? p?E I3 ZMD¥?l T  3.92 ∑ ∞ = ? = 0 )()( k k zkTfzF LL +++++= ??? k zkTfzTfzTff )()2()()0( 21 Vno1¤? f(t)ò?" H Y¥′L V? T 3.92°¤ ZMD¥) ?Z 7 T ?aü ??>?? Tü p¤ ¥ ZMDb Y L  - ?o  ZMD? l HX?o  ??ZE / ? Bt è0 a ü io Bt'f ?¥ Z M Db )(tf è3.9 p?ê¨f ? ¥ ZMD Tb )(1)( ttf = 3?ê¨f ? ???" H Y ¥′ (1 1' 1)( ≡kTf ),2,1,0( LL=k  5 ∑ ∞ = ? = 0 )()( k k zkTfzF L+++= ?? 21 1 zz ? | 1? z |<1 '? | z |>1 H  T l ?? 1 1 1 ? ?z yN?ê¨f ?¥ ZMD1 1 1 1 )](1[ 1 ? = ? = ? z z z tZ (3.93) è 3.10 p· ?f ? ¥ ZMDb )0()( >= ? aetf at 3· ?f ?¥?"′1  akT ekTf ? =)( LL,2,1,0=k 5 ∑∑ ∞ = ∞ = ??? == 00 )()( kk kakTk zezkTfzF ∑ ∞ = ? = 0 )( k kaT ze ? | |<1'? | |>1 H  T l ??? 1 )( ?aT ze aT ze 1 )(1 1 ? ? ze aT  ?[ aTaT at ez z ze eZ ?? ? ? = ? = 1 )(1 1 ][ (3.94) è3.11 p? { } k=0,1,2,l¥ ZMD Tb k a 3 ∑∑∑ ∞ = ∞ = ∞ = ???? === 000 1 )()()( kkk kkkk zazazkTfzF ? 1 1 > ? za H  T l ?? 11 )(1 1 ?? ? za  ?[ az z az aZ k ? = ? = ?1 1 1 ][ (3.95) è 3.12 p??f ? ttf ωsin)( = ¥ ZMD Tb 3??f ?¥?"? 1 LL,2,1,0sin)( == kkTkTf ω 5 ∑∑ +∞ = +∞ = ?? == 00 sin)()( kk kk kTzzkTfzF ω k k kTjkTj z j ee ? +∞ = ? ∑ ? = 0 2 ωω ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 23 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 24 - ∑∑ +∞ = +∞ = ??? ?= 00 ])()([ 2 1 kk kjwTkTj zeze j ω ] )(1 1 )(1 1 [ 2 1 11 ??? ? ? ? = zeze j TjTj ωω 21 1 cos21 sin ?? ? +? = zTz Tz ω ω (3.96) V  ?+? è5¥ p3V? V[ A a) ? p?E¥1o ^|í k) ?? >?? TB?31?ú¥/ Fb ?T? a) ?¥? T59 ????ZLb ? ? a) ?¥? T9μ a? V[V ZMD T? b#1 Aef ?¥?"?  ¥ <#s? f ?b-  ^? ? ? HWf ? ^[ VmVó H? ?^ Z MD¥) ?Z 7 Tb 2. ?ss TE !f ? f(t)¥ LMD F(s) ^μ ?f ?? ?/? T )( )( )( sM sN sF = (3.97) T? M(s)aN(s) ^ s¥[ Tb / ?sμaí×? ? f ?) ?b  1F(s) àμ×? ??ss T ? ? F(s) V[Z 71 ∑ = + = n i i i ss A sF 1 )( ∑ = ?? == n i ts i i eAsFLtf 1 1 )]([)( 5 ∑ = ? == n i ts i i eAZtfZzF 0 ][)]([)( ∑ = ? = n i ts i i eZA 1 ][ ∑ = ? ? = n i Ts i i ez zA 1 Vn o1ü F(s)é??ss T¤?  ii sA ),,2,1( ni LL= ü V[ ?' F(s) ¥ ZMD Tb ∑ = ? ? = n i Ts i i ez zA zF 1 )( (3.98) è 3.13 p )( )( ass a sF + = ¥ ZMDb 3| F(s)Z 71?ss T ass sF + ?= 11 )( ' 5 asAsA =?=== 2211 ,1,0,1 aT ez z z z sFZ ? ? ? ? = 1 )]([ = aTaT aT ezez ez ?? ? ++? ? )1( 1( 2 ) (3.99)  2F(s)μ×? ! F(s)μB=×?' )()( )( )( 1 2 1 sMss sN sF + = ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 24 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 25 - Z 7??ss Tμ ∑ = + + + + + = n i i i ss A ss A ss A sF 3 1 2 2 1 1 )( )( ∑ = ??? ++= n i ts i tsts i eAeAteAtf 3 21 11 )( 5 ∑ = ??? ? ? + ? + ? = n i Ts i TsTs Ts i ez zA ez zA ez TzeA zF 3 2 2 1 11 1 )( )( y1? F(s) μ×? H é??ss T?N ?[ ù ??ss TE V[¨? F(s)cμ×?¥ f ??B??¨7¨  ?ZE è ?/ ?o ¥ = ?Eb 3. = ?E ?X? F(s)#  ??? 5 ),2,1( LL=is i ])([)( 1 ∑ = ? = n i Ts i i ez z sFreszF ∑ = = ? ? ? ? ? = n i ss sT r i r r i i i i i ez z sFss ds d r 1 )1( )1( |])()[( )!1( 1 (3.100) T? 1? ¥¨Q n1Ms?¥? ? '9 ? n H r×?o ?B?b i r i s V 3.100 T V[ A ?TK? ^μ ?s T 5 = ?E9 ? Tü ^? ss TE¥2Tb = ?E p×?¥¥ ZMD1?ss TEZLBtb/ ?  è a üb )(sF è 3.14 p ¥ ZMDb 2 )( ttf = 3 ¥ LMD1)(tf 3 2 )( s sF =  ???1 0 1 =s  3 1 =r 5 0 3 3 2 2 |] 2 [ )!13( 1 )( = ? ? = s sT ez z s s ds d zF 0 2 2 |] 2 [ 2 1 = ? = s sT ez z ds d 3 2 )1( )1( ? + = z zzT (3.101) è 3.15 p )()( 1 )( 2 bsas sF ++ = ¥ ZMDb 3  5 2, 11 =?= ras 1, 22 =?= rbs )()()()( ])([ )()( | )()( )([ |] )()( 1 |] )( )( 1 [ |] )()( 1 )[( )!11( 1 |] )()( 1 )[( )!12( 1 )( 222 222 2 2 2 2 bTaT aTaT bT as sT sTsT bs sT as sT bs sT as sT ezba z ezba ebaTezz ezba z ezbs ebsTezz ez z asez z bsds d ez z bsas bs ez z bsas as ds d zF ?? ?? ? ?= ?=?= ?= ?= ?? + ?? ?+?? = ?? + ?+ +??? = ?+ + ? + = ?++ + ? + ?++ + ? = (3.102) ¨ = ?E p ZMD H 1?ioF(s)¥ ???X?p ?BHqb · ?f ? ? sT e ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 25 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 26 - f ?¥??^9 ? ?[?R¨ = ?E p? ?f ?¥ ZMDb è ?aap 1 a1 s e sF sT? =)( oμB?? s=0V7¤ 1 )( ? = z z zF ¥p2 ?b L=  ?¨'? ? V? 1 1 )( ? = z zF b  ?o   ?? p ZMD¥ZEb a) ? p?E? = ?9 ?E¥ a¨S?< 7?ss TE F(s) ^μ ?f ??1e?by1è¨f ?¥ LMD V¨?ss Ts 31+?e?f ?¥ LMD-?7 ? ì ??¥ ZMD ^á ì ??¥? ZMD V°¤°¤ ?[y?9 ??è?¨?ss TEb 4. °VE ü訥f ?#  ZMD ?vV p | ZMD H°¤°Vb??ZE L=yT?dèe?μ¨b? c?ó Bf1?W%¥ ZMDVb? ?? V ? ?μf ?¥ ZMD T? ?V?°¤°?b °V H n5 ? pf ?TBtM? [ a? ZMDVb è ?é??ss TZ 7?¨ ZMD'? ??b / ?ó Bfe 7 L¨¥ ZMDeV:t?flV| smh 0b V 3.2 ZMDeV f(t) f(k) F(s) F(z) a ü )(tδ 1 1 1(t) s 1 1 1 1 ? ?z aT e ? as+ 1 1 1 1 ?? ? ze aT ? a=0 H¤ 1(t) ¥ ZMD aT te ? 2 )( 1 as+ 21 1 )1( ?? ?? ? ze eTz aT aT ? a=0 H¤ t ¥ zMD k a 1 1 1 ? ?az a V[ ^ L ? ˉ ? tωsin 22 ω ω +s 21 1 cos21 sin ?? ? +? zTz Tz ω ω 3.5 ZQMD ü ? ??  MD? ?1 ZMD Q- V p ?1 Z QMD I ZMD:1 b )}({ kTf )(zF )(zF )}({ kTf )]([ 1 zFZ ? ??á ì1?¥aa ^  ?[ μ H a1 ZQMD ^V p ??f ? bB? ? a 訥 ZQMDZEμ/  ?? a) ?Z 7E é"Ea? ss TEa = ?9 ?E b/ ?sYo ? ??ZEb )(tf )(zF )(tf 3.5.1 a) ?Z 7E é"E ??ZE ^ ?¨é"Eü Z 7?)(zF 1? z ¥ l ? a) ? (3.103) ∑ +∞ =0k ? a) ?¥·B?? ? V? ??D ZMD¥?l T (3.77)? ?M?' yN ¨é"E¤?¥ a) ?¥ò[" ?ü ^ ? p?"f ?¥′ b/ ? ü??ZE 81? ? ?/b ? =)( k k zczF )(kTfc k = üX? ZMDVr T M? ?/? T )(zF ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 26 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 27 - n n m m zazaa zbzbb zF ?? ?? +++ +++ = L L 1 10 1 10 )( (3.104) ¨é"EZ 7 ¤ )(zF (3.105) LL +++++= ??? k k zczczcczF 2 2 1 10 )( 5 (3.106) L,2,1,0)( == kckTf k (3.107) LL +?++?+= )()()()( 10 * kTtcTtctctf k δδδ A??i¥ ^   ???? ¥s0?s ?A??)(zF 1? z ¥ 6 a? T z ¥? a? Tb è3.16 p aT ez z zF ? ? =)( ¥ ZQMD ! b 5.0= ?aT e 3| ¥s0?s ?)(zF 1? z ¥ 6 a? T 1 5.01 1 )( ? ? = z zF é?é" LL L 4433 33 3322 22 221 1 1 33221 1 5.05.0 5.0 5.05.0 5.0 5.05.0 5.0 5.01 5.05.05.01 15.01 ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ++++ ? zz z zz z zz z z zzz z 5 ¥ a) ?Z 7 T¥ -+[1 )(zF L++++= ?? ? 3322 5.05.05.01)( 1 zzzzF L+?+?+?+= )3(5.0)2(5.0)(5.0)()(* 32 TtTtTtttf δδδδ ??5VZ 7 T¥ -+[ ?^ AZ 7 T¥Y[1 5M?¥ ???|1 b k kTf 5.0)( = at etf ? =)( è3.17 p 32 32 5.15.0 21 )( zzz zz zF +? ++ =  p? k=0, 1 ,2 ,3 H Y¥ ′b )(kTf 3| s0as ? z¥? a? T )(zF 1? z ¥ 6 a? T zzz zz zF 5.05.1 12 )( 23 23 +? ++ = ¨é"EZ 7 ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 27 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 28 - LL 1 1 2 2 23 321 2323 375.2375.6 375.2125.775.4 75.0.75.4 75.125.55.3 15.05.3 5.05.1 375.675.45.31 125.05.1 ? ? ??? ? +? ? +? +? +? +++ +++? z zz z zz zz zzz zzz zzzzz ' LL++++= ??? 321 375.675.45.31)( zzzzF 5 b 375.6)3(,75.4)2(,5.3)1(,1)0( ==== ffff V  è V[ A a) ?Z 7E p zQMD ^?ZL¥ -  ? zQMD T? ? ?e?¥? T?1 p[? ? TV U?|′ H+Yμ¨ b? ^ ?1VBF ? ? pB?[¥Vr TYè ^1? ? 4¥b/ ?o ¥?ss TE ?? ? B ?Jb 2.3.2 ?ss TE ?ss TE ^K訥B?ZEb ?D ? fQMD?¥?ss TEM ?9 ^ 5| F(z)Z 7??ss T-? ?a pò?ss T¥ zQMD ? zMDL?? ? F(z)¥ zQMD??ò?ss T¥QMD-?b VMDV? V[ A? ?μ zMDf ? F(z)¥s0 ?μy0 zbyN 5| F(z) "[ z ?a| zzF )( Z 7??ss TZ 7ae[ z¤ F(z)¥?ss TZ 7 T' ∑ = ? = n i i i Bz A z zF 1 )( (3.108) ∑ = ? = n i i i Bz zA zF 1 )( (3.109) () ∑∑ ∑∑ ∑∑ ∞+ == == ? = ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = 01 11 1 1 1 1 1 )(* )( k n i k ii n i k ii n i i i n i i i n i i i kTtBAtf BA Bz z zA Bz zA z Bz zA zkTf δ Vno1 zzF )( é??ss TZ 7 p¤ ,,2,1,, LL=iBA ii ü V°¤ F(z)¥ zQMD ∑ = = n i k ii BAkTf 1 )( (3.110)  ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 28 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 29 - ∑∑ ∞ == ?= 01 )()(* k n i k ii kTtBAtf δ (3.111) è3.18 p 23 10 )( 2 +? = zz z zF ¥ QMDb z 3 2 10 1 10 )2)(1( 10 23 10 )( 2 ? + ? ? = ?? = +? = zzzz zz zzF 2 10 1 10)( ? + ? ?= z z z z zF ' 2,10,1,10 2211 ===?= BABA 5 )21(10)( k kTf ??= ∑∑ +∞ = +∞ = ??=?= 00 )()12(10)()()(* k k k kTtkTtkTftf δδ 2.3.3 = ?9 ?E zQMD¥ = ?9 ?E??QsE F(z)¥ zQMD ?/  T9 ? : )(kTf [] [] i i i zz kr i i i i i kk zzFzz rdz rd r zzFresdzzzF j kTf = ? ? Γ ? ? ? ? ? = == ∑ ∑ ∫ 1 11 )()( )1( )1( )!1( 1 )()( 2 1 )( π (3.112) ?s wL ? ¥ ???b Γ 1 )( ?k zzF T 3.112V ü F(z)¥ zQMD?? F(z)¥Qs 7Qs V? O = ?? ?9 ?b £ ü? MD¥?l LL ++++== ?? +∞ = ? ∑ k k k zkTfzTfzfzkTfzF )()()0()()( 10 0 (3.113) ¨ e T 3.113 H¤ 1?k z (3.114) LL ++++++= ????? 21211 ])1[()()()0()( zTkfzkTfzTfzfzFz kkk T 3.114 ^ ? ~ (Laurent)) ? ^ ? ~) ?¥)(kTf 1? z [" ?? ˉMf ? ? ?? p ? ~) ?¥ T¤ ∫ Γ ? = dzzzF j kTf k 1 )( 2 1 )( π (3.115) ?s ^? ?? ¥ ?μ?b T 3.115¥ wLs V? O = ?? ? p¤' Γ 1 )( ?k zzF ∑ ? = i k zzFskTf ])([Re)( 1 (3.116) T 3.116 a ü ??f ?   ?μ? ¥ = ??b ?9 ? = ?¥ ?5 V¤ T 3.112?¥KaB?? Tb )(kTf 1 )( ?k zzF  £8 ?T ZMD )( )( )( zM zN zF = ¥?1 7 ?[ ¥? TC H ¨ T  3.1129 ?? tZLb ? ,,,, 21 n λλλ L )(zM ∏ = ?= n i i zzM 1 )()( λ n λλλ ,,, 21 L ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 29 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 30 - (1?? H V¨/ T9 ? i z n i k z zM zN kTf λ== ? ∑ ? ? ? ? ? ? = 1 1 )( )( )(  3.117 è3.19 p 2 )1)(( )( ?? = zaz z zF ¥ zQMDb 3 2 1 )1)(( )( ?? = ? zaz z zFz k k Vn μ 3?? 1???)( 1 zFz k? az = 1 1? 2×? ,1 3,2 =z ? T 3.112 ¤ () )( )1( )1(1 )(* )1( 1 1 )1()( )( )1( ]1 )1)(( [ )!12( 1 )( )1)(( )( 0 2 22 1 2 1 2 1 2 22 kTt a aka tf a a k a a az zazkz a a z zaz z dz d az zaz z kTf k k k z kkk z k az k ? ? ?+? = ? ? ? + ? = ? ?? + ? = ? ?? ? +? ?? = ∑ ∞+ = = ? == δ è3.20 p )sin( )( mz az zF = ¥ QMDb z 3 )sin( )( 1 zm za zFz k k = ? Vn ¥?1)( 1 zFz k? ∞== ,,2,1,0 Li m i z i π ? T 3.117¤ k i i i k m i z i k i k m i m a im m i a mzm za zm za reskTf )()1( )cos( )( )cos( ] )(sin [)( 00 00 π π π π ∑∑ ∑∑ ∞ = ∞ = = ∞ = ∞ = ?== == ¨ = ?9 ?E p QMD H ???i?Lz Γ ??¥ ¥? f ? [ #??]¥ ′ )¥? V ? μ?]¥¨Qb/ ? B è[ a üb 1 )( ?k zzF k 0=z è 3.21 p )5.0)(1( 12 )( 23 ?? ++ = zzz zz zF ¥ QMDb z 3? T 3.112¤ ] )5.0)(1( )12( [Re] )5.0)(1( 12 [Re)( 223 1 23 ∑∑ ?? ++ = ?? ++ = ? ? i k i k zz zzz sz zzz zz skTf ? H oμ 2???  ?[ 2≥k )( 1 zFz k? 5.0,1 21 == zz k z k z k z zz zzz z zz zzz kTf )5.0(138 )5.0( )5.0)(1( )12( )1( )5.0)(1( )12( )( 5.0 223 1 223 ?= ? ?? ++ +? ?? ++ = = ? = ? ? H 0=k )5.0)(1( 12 )( 2 23 1 ?? ++ = ? zzz zz zFz k ,0=z Vn " μ 2??? ?μB? 2×?)( 1 zFz k? ,5.0,1 21 == zz ?[ ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 30 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 31 - 11386 5.0 )5.0( )5.0)(1( 12 1 )1( )5.0)(1( 12 0 )5.0)(1( 12 )!12( 1 )5.0)(1( 12 Re)0( 2 23 2 23 2 2 23 2 23 =?+= = ? ?? ++ + = ? ?? ++ + = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ++ ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ++ = ∑ z z zzz zz z z zzz zz z z zzz zz dz d zzz zz sf i ? H μ ????  ?[ V p¤ b8  ? ?2T¤ 1=k )( 1 zFz k? 5.0,1,0 321 === zzz 5.3)1( =f ? ? ? ? ? ≥? = = = 2)5.0(138 15.3 01 )( k k k kTf k ;.?f ? ;.?f ?¥à Q  ; .?f ???1 ? .?f ? b ? ?? ??"d?o.?f ?p¥?l" d¥ ;.?f ??l1  , SHq/ L??è"d  ì? ¥ {¥?"?|¥ ;MDD { ?¥ ?"?|¥ ;MD-1 ?1?"d  ì? ¥ ;.?f ? ? .?f ? :1  5 )(zG )( )( )( zR zC zG =   ? a sY ^"d ì? { ?a {¥?"?|¥ ;MDb)(zR )(zC ; .?f ? ^ ? ?"d ? ??¥B??×1¥à Q/ ?) ? ?D μsZ? í ?"d ???s¥.?f ? ¥1"b)(sG μsZ?? ;.?f ?¥MoD  μsZ?? ;.?f ? ^"d+?¥?]¥ ?D í ? ù ?? T?]?' éB" ? ì V[MoDb ! í ?"d¥μsZ?1 )(...)1()( 1 nkyakyaky n ?++?+ )(...)1()( 10 mkxbkxbkxb m ?++?+=    , SHq/ ' 0...)2()1( ==?=? yy  0...)2()1( ==?=? xx ? ¨ ;MD¥L? ? ?? üM? ? T   | ;MD¤ )(...)()( 1 1 zyzazyzazy n n ?? +++   )(...)()( 1 10 zxzbzxzbzxb m m ?? +++ 5    )()...1( 2 2 1 1 zyzazaza n n ??? ++++ )()...( 1 10 zxzbzbb m m ?? +++ ?[?"d ì?¥ ;.?f ? ^ n n m m zazaza zbzbb zR zY zG ??? ?? ++++ +++ == ...1 ... )( )( )( 2 2 1 1 1 10   Vn í ?"d¥μsZ?¥2a? ??M?¥ ;.?f ?¥2a? ?-Wμ %?¥1" byN ?μsZ?   V°¤ ;.?f ?Vr T   ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 31 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 32 - Q-? ;.?f ?  V°¤M?¥μsZ? b ;.?f ? ?.?f ? ¥1")(zG )(sG 1  a M ;.?f ?¥t ?il / ?V"d¥?ê ? Y?? w? D ¥1" TV7¤? p | ¥×1 Tb )(zG )(sG )(zG ! ? ?"d ?m  ? Ub )(tr )(tc )(sG )( * tr m 3.12 G(z)D G(s)¥1 " ! ∑ +∞ = ?= 0 * )()()( k kTtkTrtr δ  ...)2()2()()()()0( +?+?+ TtTrTtTrtr δδδ   y1L?"d ?@?Fe ? ?[ ? ?  T¨/¥ {Y? V[ a1 ^ò? ? ??T¨/"d¥ {-?b )( * tr )(tc !"d¥ ? Y?f ?1 5)(tg ? ? ? T¨/¥"d {Y?1 )()0()( 1 tgrtC =  ? ? ? T¨/¥"d {Y?1 )()()( 2 TtgTrtC ?=  M ? m? ? T¨/¥"d {Y?1 ])1[()( TmrtC m ?= ])1([ Tmtg ???  M ?["d9¥ {Y?1 ∑ ∞ = ???= 1 ])1([])1[()( m TmtgTmrtC  ∑  JN  ∞ = ? 0 )()( i iTtgiTr "d¥?"?|1 ∑∑ ∞ = ∞ = ??= 00 )()]()([)(* ki kTtiTkTgiTrtC δ   5?"?|¥ zMD1    ∑∑ ∞ = ∞ = ? ?= 00 )]()([)( ki k ZiTkTgiTrzC ∑∑ ∞ = ∞ = ? ? 00 )()( ik k ZiTkTgiTr 7 5ikj ?=   ∑∑ ∞ = ∞ ?= ?? = 0 )()()( iij ij ZjTgiTrzC y1? H  ?[0<j 0)( ≡jTg   ∑∑ ∞ = ∞ = ?? = 00 )()()( ij ij ZjTgiTrzC ∑∑ ∞ = ? ∞ = ? = 00 )()( j j i i ZjTgZiTr   ))()()(( 00 ∑∑ ∞ = ? ∞ = ? = j j i i ZjTgZiTr ? ;MD?l?   ∑ ∞ = ? = 0 )()( i i ZiTrzR ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 32 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 33 - ∑ ∞ = ? = 0 )()( j j ZjTgzG   ?[? T ¤ )()()( zGzRzC ?=   "d¥ ;.?f ?1  )( )( )( zR zC zG =   ? Z.?f ??l V?? T V U¥ ? ^"d¥)(zG Z.?f ?b Vn Z.?f ? ^ ??"d ? Y? ¥?"? ¥)(tg ZMD 9 V[ a ^ a ¥ )(zG )(tg )(sG ZMD' )]([)]([)( sGZtgZzG ==   T  ^ p |"d Z.?f ?¥B?è¨ Tb )(sG ? -W¥1" V[B ,1 ? Y? ¥ MD ^.?f ?  ? Y?  ?"? ¥ )(zG )(tg L )(sG )(tg ZMD ^ Z.?f ?b  7ì ;.?f ? L? ? ?"d ? a 7ì ;.?f ??l1"d 7ì ?/Q ?ì? { ?|¥ ;M D D êμ?|¥ ;M D & [ -1b')(zY )( )( )( zE zY zW =   ? ?"d 7ì ?/¥2 V[B21 ?m  Ba C ?? Tb )(te )(tc )(sG )( * te m 3.13 7ì .? f ? )(ty )(sH )( * sE)(sE )(sC )(sY )(te )(tc )(sG )( * te )(ty )(sH )( * sE )(sE )(sC )(sY )( * tc )( * sC (a) (b) / ?sY) ? ? ì¥ ;.?f ?b 5) ??B? f ?b? H?=?ì?¥ { ?  ^ ??¥ ?[9¥ ;.?f ? i??? ?ì?¥ ; .?f ?-b Vü? ?1 ó¥ì??r1 A? { ?μ? " 71¥B?ì??ì?¥.?f ? ^ )()()( sHsGsW = ? T  7ì ;.?f ??1  )]()([ )( )( sHsGZ zE zY =  1e?:|:  )]()([)( sHsGZzGH = 5 7ì ;.?f ?1  )()]()([ )( )( zGHsHsGZ zE zY ==   / ?¨ ?ì¥ } ?ZE °¤w? T b?m  B¤  )(*)()( sEsGsC =  )()()( sCsHsY = ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 33 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 34 - 5 )(*)()()( sEsHsGsY =     Té??"¤ *)](*)()([)(* sEsHsGsY =   )(**)]()([ sEsHsG 5;MD1   )()()( zEzGHzY = ?[  )( )( )( zGH zE zY =  ? z T s sHsGzGH ln 1 * )]()([)( = =  z T s sEzE ln 1 )(*)( = =  z T s sYzY ln 1 )(*)( = = b } ?ZE ^ p |?2mV U¥ ? ?"d¥ ;.?f ?¥B?'ZEa ? ?|¨ ?w?>ì ;.?f ? { ;MDf ?b / ?) ??=? f ??m  C¤  )(*)()( sEsGsC =  )(*)()( sCsHsY = é??"¤  )(*)(*)(* sEsGsC =  )(*)(*)(* sEsHsY = 5 )(*)(*)(*)(* sEsGsHsY =   5;MD1 )()()()( zEzGzHzY =   ?[ 7ì ;.?f ?1 )()( )( )( zHzG zE zY =   m 9 V[ a1 ^ ? ?"d2m? ?i ?Z v1 ó¥ f ? T  ? T  ^?r¥9.?f ?e?"d2m Hüè¨?b  èm  ? U1 "d? íMì¥Z m p"d¥ 7ì ;.?f ?b  m 3.14 í Mì"d T s e Ts? ?1 )(sR )(sC s K 0 1 1 +sτ 3"d 7ì.?f ?1  } 1 11 {)( 0 s K ss e ZzW Ts ? + ? ? = ? τ } )1( 1 {)1( 2 1 0 + ?= ? ss ZzK τ   } 1 {)1( 22 2 1 0 τ τττ + +??= ? s s s ZzK  ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 34 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 35 -  ] 1 )1( )[1( 22 2 1 0 τ τττ T ez z z z z Tz zK ? ? ? + ? ? ? ?=   ] )1( 1 [ 0 τ τ ττ T ez z z T K ? ? ? +? ? =   ? | ,1,1,1 0 === τTK 5"d¥ 7ì.?f ?1  )368.0)(1( 264.0368.0 )( ?? + = zz z zW  >ì ;.?f ? ???" >ì"d?μ? ¥?¥ V ??μ H? ??>ì ;.?f ? ¥Vr To ??"d {¥ ;MDVr Tb/ ?o ??"d¥>ì ;.?f ?b  èKèn¥?""d ?m  ? Ub 3?m ¤ m 3.15 >ì e?"d T )(sG )(sR )(sC )( * sE )(sH )(sE    )()()( * sEsGsC =  )()()()( sCsHsRsE ?= ¤  )()()())( * sEsGsHsRsE ?=   T?"¤  )( * sE = 5  * 1 )(sE + =  T  é??" ' {  * [)( GsC = 5;MD1 1 ( )( GH G zC + = "d>ì ;.?f ?1  ( ( )( zR zC z =Φ V  ?w?V?? V[¤?"d¥μ.?f ?  ( ( )( R E z e =Φ ? ~ ( )()]()([)( *** sEsHsGsR ? * * )]()([ )( sHsG sR    $ T é??"¤ ** )]()( sEs )()( ** sEsG= * ** )]()([1 )()( sHsG sRsG + =    )( )() z zRz    )(1 )( ) ) zGH zG + =    )(1 1 ) ) zGHz z + =    y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 35 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 36 -   ?w???+Y?i¥ ^ T1 { ??|¥ $ T ? ?¨?"?| } 9by1 ?? { ??|¥Y?? ? ? { ??|¥Y? ^? ??]¥bT1 {? |¥ D U  $ T V[où? ?" H Y¥′ ?[ ? ?é??"b ?B?A? a M b# ?5?¤?p2Tb )( * sC è ?3 e?"d¥B?2 ?m  ? U p"d>ì ;.?f ? b m?% ^ ?3n? ?  { ?D {? ^ ? ??  ! ?¥ ;.?f ?1  )( )( )( zE zu zD =    m 3.16 >ì e?" d T )(sG )(tr )(tc)( * te )(sH )(te D T )( * tu 3?m  ? U2¤    )()()( * susGsC =  )()()()( sCsHsRsE ?=  )()()()( * sUsHsGsR ?=  & T ?"¤  )()]()([)()( **** sUsHsGsRsE ?= 5 )()()()( zUzGHzRzE ?=   | T } ? ¤  )()()()()( zEzDzGHzRzE ?=  )()(1 )( )( zDzGH zR zE + =   ? T   { $ T é??"¤   *** )]()([)( sUsGsC = )()( ** sUsG= 5  )()()()()()( zEzDzGzUzGzC == )( )()(1 )()( zR zGHzD zGzD + =   ?[>ì ;.?f ?1  )()(1 )()( )( )( )( zGHzD zGzD zR zC z + ==Φ   V  ?w?V? V[¤?>ìμ ;.?f ?'? T ¤  )()(1 1 )( )( )( zGHzDzR zE z e + ==Φ   {μ ??¥"d¥ { ;MD T  t"d? ?? {¥?Yè ^? "d? ?¥B?×1 ·Sb/ ?w ?"d¥ ???sμ ?? { ? H¥?""d¥ { ; MDVr Tb{μ ??¥" d2m ?m  ? Ub ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 36 1 ? e ? e ? è 0 ? ? - 37 - m 3.17 { ??¥ ? ? e ?"d )(sE )( 1 sG )(sR )(sN )(sC )( 2 sG )(sH )( * sE ?m ¤   ))()()()(()( * 12 sNsEsGsGsC +=  )()()()( sCsHsRsE ?=  )()()()()()()()( 2 * 21 sNsHsGsEsHsGsGsR ??=  & T ?"¤   * 2 ** 21 ** )]()()([)()]()()([)()( sNsHsGsEsHsGsGsRsE ??= 5  * 21 * 2 * * )]()()([1 )]()()([)( )( sHsGsG sNsHsGsR sE + ? =   yN; MD1  )(1 )()( )( 21 2 zHGG zHNGzR zE + ? =   ? T ¤  )()()()()()( 2 * 21 sNsGsEsGsGsC +=  { $ T é??"¤    * 2 ** 21 * )]()([)()]()([)( sNsGsEsGsGsC += 5   )()()()( 221 zNGzEzGGzC += | T } ? T ¤  )( )(1 )]()()[( )( 2 21 221 zNG zHGG zHNGzRzGG zC + + ? =   )( )(1 )( 21 21 zR zHGG zGG + = )(1 )()()()()( 21 2212212 zHGG zHNGzGGzNGzHGGzNG + ???+ +    ? ) T '1?êQ ?"d H  )(1 )( )( )(1 )( )( 21 2 21 21 zGG zNG zR zGG zGG zC + + + =   ? ú?? ??T¨ ??ì? ¥ { ?  ?[o ?¤? { ¥ ;MD T 7? ?¤? { ??¥ ;.?f ??? ??"d ^?]¥b )( 2 sG   ? ~ y < v D 1 ? ? ù ? ? 37