CHAPTER 5
SELECTION BREEDING
选择育种
BY
Niu Yingze
（牛应泽）
Dept,of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering
1,What is Selection Breeding?
Conception,p.63,
i.e,Pedigree Breeding 系统育种
Pure line Breeding 纯系育种
Bulk-selection Breeding （ Mass selection,混合选择育种 )
§ 1 Significance and Methods of Selection
选择的意义和方法
2,The Roles of Selection in Plant Improvement
? No selection,no breeding
? Selection in plant breeding is genetically not creative,
but in certain sense is creative
Selection does not create new genes but can create
new varieties,Main effects,
- orientation in variations of plant population
- accumulation of variations in plants
- Creation of new cultivars or crop types
3,Basic Methods of Selection
1) Individual Selection (Single-plant Selection)
Progeny tests,high selection effects
2) Bulk Selection (Mass Selection)
Without progeny test,low selection effects
一次单株选择法
原始群体
对照
品种
当选
品系
淘汰
品系
第一年
第二年
第三年
第四年
选优良
株系
选优株
品系比
较
选优良
品系
一次混合选择法
原始群体
对照品种 原始品种 混合选择种
新品种
混合脱粒
选择优良单株
大田推广
比较鉴定
原始群体
混系繁殖
改良混合
选择种
对照
品种 原始 品种
第一年
第三年
第二年
第四年
选择优株
混系繁殖
分系
比较
比较鉴定
改良混合选择法
4,Integrated Applications of Basic Selection
Methods 基本育种方法的综合应用
1) Group Bulk Selection 集团混合选择
Plant height; Maturity length; Morphology
2) Modified Bulk Selection 改良混合选择
Individual selection + Bulk selection
3) Maternal line Selection 母系选择法
Non-isolated,selecting according to Phenotypes of
individual plants (i.e,mass selection for cross-pollinated
crops)
Used for cross-pollinated plants
5,Reproduction Modes of Plants and Selection
Methods
(1) Self pollinated and often cross pollinated plants
Both individual selection and bulk or group bulk selection methods
are applicable
(2) Selection Methods for cross pollinated plants
Bulk selection; group bulk selection; Modified bulk selection;
Maternal line selection
(3) Selection Methods for asexually propagated plants
Individual (clonal) selection,Bulk selection
§ 2 Special Characteristics and Efficiency of
Selection Breeding
选择育种的特点和成效
1,Characteristics of Selection Breeding
? Selection from superior populations and procedure simple
? Continuous selection of superior individuals with continuous
improvement
2,History and Achievements of Selection Breeding
? It is an ancient breeding method,from Han dynasty in China
? A breeding method of great contribution to agri,production in
1950-1970’s for wheat,rice,cotton,barley,rapeseed (P70.)
§ 3 The Principles of Selection Breeding
选择育种的原理
1,The Pure-line Theory (Johannsen W,L.,1901) p,71,
(1) Many distinct genotypes can be isolated from primitive
cultivars of self-pollinated crops to produce PURE
LINEs
(2) Selection within a pure line is ineffective
Genetic variations among pure lines are big –Selection
effective
Environmental Variations in the pure lines are not
inheritable–Selection ineffective
2,Natural Variations in Plants and the Reasons p,71,
(1) Natural crossing
(2) Gene mutation
(3) Residual segregation
(4) Variation of environments
§ 4 Selection Breeding of Sexually propagated plants
有性繁殖植物的选择育种
1,Selection Method
(1） Single character based
(2) Integrated characters Based (Index Selection)
Calculation of selection index,mean values of characters
weight coefficients
inheritability
2,Procedure of Pedigree Breeding p 73.,Fig.5-1
(1) selection of superior individuals
(2) plant-row (line) tests
(3) line tests
(4) Regional trials and productional trials
(5) Seed multiplication and crop extension
3,Procedure of Bulk Selection Breeding p 74,Fig 5-2
(1) Bulk selection of elite individuals
(2) Comparative trials
(3) Seed multiplication and crop extension
4,How to Enhance the Efficiency of Selection Breeding
(1) Selection of Object populations
(2) Selection Criteria
(3) Selection conditions
(4) Number of plants and Time of Selection
(5) Inheritability of plant characteristics; Effects of direct
and indirect Selection
1,Selection of Bud Mutation
§ 5 Selection Breeding of Asexually propagated plants
无性繁殖植物的选择育种
(1) Characteristics of Bud mutations
Bud mutations are somatic cell mutations
Characteristics,
, Diversified orientation of the variations
, Reproducible variations
, Stable variations
, Chimerical variations,periclinal 周缘的,sectorial 横向的
, Limitations,small probabilities to happen
(2) Selection Procedure
Fig 5-3,p,81
Three stages,(Example in Fruit trees)
1) Preliminary selection stage
, Discover of variations
, Analysis of variation,removal of non-inheritable variations
, Separation and homogenization of variants 变异体同型化
2) Re-selection stage p,82
3) Final Selection
(1) Characteristics,
? Wide range of variations(characters)
? Cultivars are easily adaptable to local conditions,easily released
? Low breeding costs
(2) Procedure and Method
Examples in fruit trees p.83
2,Breeding Through Selection in Seedlings
Till Next Chapter
SELECTION BREEDING
选择育种
BY
Niu Yingze
（牛应泽）
Dept,of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering
1,What is Selection Breeding?
Conception,p.63,
i.e,Pedigree Breeding 系统育种
Pure line Breeding 纯系育种
Bulk-selection Breeding （ Mass selection,混合选择育种 )
§ 1 Significance and Methods of Selection
选择的意义和方法
2,The Roles of Selection in Plant Improvement
? No selection,no breeding
? Selection in plant breeding is genetically not creative,
but in certain sense is creative
Selection does not create new genes but can create
new varieties,Main effects,
- orientation in variations of plant population
- accumulation of variations in plants
- Creation of new cultivars or crop types
3,Basic Methods of Selection
1) Individual Selection (Single-plant Selection)
Progeny tests,high selection effects
2) Bulk Selection (Mass Selection)
Without progeny test,low selection effects
一次单株选择法
原始群体
对照
品种
当选
品系
淘汰
品系
第一年
第二年
第三年
第四年
选优良
株系
选优株
品系比
较
选优良
品系
一次混合选择法
原始群体
对照品种 原始品种 混合选择种
新品种
混合脱粒
选择优良单株
大田推广
比较鉴定
原始群体
混系繁殖
改良混合
选择种
对照
品种 原始 品种
第一年
第三年
第二年
第四年
选择优株
混系繁殖
分系
比较
比较鉴定
改良混合选择法
4,Integrated Applications of Basic Selection
Methods 基本育种方法的综合应用
1) Group Bulk Selection 集团混合选择
Plant height; Maturity length; Morphology
2) Modified Bulk Selection 改良混合选择
Individual selection + Bulk selection
3) Maternal line Selection 母系选择法
Non-isolated,selecting according to Phenotypes of
individual plants (i.e,mass selection for cross-pollinated
crops)
Used for cross-pollinated plants
5,Reproduction Modes of Plants and Selection
Methods
(1) Self pollinated and often cross pollinated plants
Both individual selection and bulk or group bulk selection methods
are applicable
(2) Selection Methods for cross pollinated plants
Bulk selection; group bulk selection; Modified bulk selection;
Maternal line selection
(3) Selection Methods for asexually propagated plants
Individual (clonal) selection,Bulk selection
§ 2 Special Characteristics and Efficiency of
Selection Breeding
选择育种的特点和成效
1,Characteristics of Selection Breeding
? Selection from superior populations and procedure simple
? Continuous selection of superior individuals with continuous
improvement
2,History and Achievements of Selection Breeding
? It is an ancient breeding method,from Han dynasty in China
? A breeding method of great contribution to agri,production in
1950-1970’s for wheat,rice,cotton,barley,rapeseed (P70.)
§ 3 The Principles of Selection Breeding
选择育种的原理
1,The Pure-line Theory (Johannsen W,L.,1901) p,71,
(1) Many distinct genotypes can be isolated from primitive
cultivars of self-pollinated crops to produce PURE
LINEs
(2) Selection within a pure line is ineffective
Genetic variations among pure lines are big –Selection
effective
Environmental Variations in the pure lines are not
inheritable–Selection ineffective
2,Natural Variations in Plants and the Reasons p,71,
(1) Natural crossing
(2) Gene mutation
(3) Residual segregation
(4) Variation of environments
§ 4 Selection Breeding of Sexually propagated plants
有性繁殖植物的选择育种
1,Selection Method
(1） Single character based
(2) Integrated characters Based (Index Selection)
Calculation of selection index,mean values of characters
weight coefficients
inheritability
2,Procedure of Pedigree Breeding p 73.,Fig.5-1
(1) selection of superior individuals
(2) plant-row (line) tests
(3) line tests
(4) Regional trials and productional trials
(5) Seed multiplication and crop extension
3,Procedure of Bulk Selection Breeding p 74,Fig 5-2
(1) Bulk selection of elite individuals
(2) Comparative trials
(3) Seed multiplication and crop extension
4,How to Enhance the Efficiency of Selection Breeding
(1) Selection of Object populations
(2) Selection Criteria
(3) Selection conditions
(4) Number of plants and Time of Selection
(5) Inheritability of plant characteristics; Effects of direct
and indirect Selection
1,Selection of Bud Mutation
§ 5 Selection Breeding of Asexually propagated plants
无性繁殖植物的选择育种
(1) Characteristics of Bud mutations
Bud mutations are somatic cell mutations
Characteristics,
, Diversified orientation of the variations
, Reproducible variations
, Stable variations
, Chimerical variations,periclinal 周缘的,sectorial 横向的
, Limitations,small probabilities to happen
(2) Selection Procedure
Fig 5-3,p,81
Three stages,(Example in Fruit trees)
1) Preliminary selection stage
, Discover of variations
, Analysis of variation,removal of non-inheritable variations
, Separation and homogenization of variants 变异体同型化
2) Re-selection stage p,82
3) Final Selection
(1) Characteristics,
? Wide range of variations(characters)
? Cultivars are easily adaptable to local conditions,easily released
? Low breeding costs
(2) Procedure and Method
Examples in fruit trees p.83
2,Breeding Through Selection in Seedlings
Till Next Chapter
