Index acidulants, 71, 73 ammonium bicarbonate, 72 antioxidant, 44, 45 ash test, 17 bran, 15 butter, 38 butter oil, 38, 39 cheese, 48 cheese powder, 48 cherries glace, 55 chocolate, 32, 75 chips, 76 coatings, 77 drops, 76 milk, 75 plain, 75 cocoa, 75, 77 cocoa mass, 75 coconut, 56 colour grade of flour, 17 cookies, 5 cornflour, 27 cornstarch, 27 crackers, 5 currants, 53 savoury/snack, 20 dates, 55 dextrose, 29, 32 dextrose equivalent, 30 dried fruit, 52 dust explosion, 24, 35 egg, 50 wash, 50 emulsifiers, 44, 74 endosperm, 15 entoleter, 23 enzymes, 62 amylase, 62 lipase, 18, 26, 57, 62 proteinase, 62, 63 essential oils, 65 extraction rate, 17 fat biscuit cream, 43 plasticised, 42 rancidity see rancidity fat spray, see oil spray fermented doughs, 20,21 fig paste, 56 flavours, 64 flour, 16 enhancers, 33 air classified, 19 ash content, 17 chlorinated, 19 colour, 17 enrichment, 19 heat treated, 19 Pekar test, 23 self-raking, 71 starch damage, 18 wheatmeal, 19 wholemeal, 17 fructose, 29, 30 fruit dried, 52 80 paste, 56 Index 81 pecan, 59 walnut, 59 germ wheat, 15 ginger, 55 glucose syrup, 30, 31 gluten, 16 glycerol monostearate, 74 GUS, 65 hard dough, 5 hard sweet biscuits, 5 herbs, 65 honey, 31 invert syrup, 30 jam, 32 jelly, 32 lactose, 30, 31 lecithin, 45,50, 74 lipase see enzymes Maillard reaction, 29, 33, 47, 64 malt flour, 62 extract, 31 nondiastatic, 31 maltodextrin, 30 maltose, 30 margarine, 39 marshmallow, 32 milk, 46 evaporated, 48 full cream powder, 46 skimmed powder, 47 wash, 50 monosodium glutamate, 49 nuts almonds, 57 brazil, 57 cashew, 57 coconut, 58 hazel, 58 peanut, 58 oatflakes, 26 oatmeal, 26 oats, 26 oil spray fat, 44, 67 oleo resin, 65 oxidative rancidity see rancidity Pekar test, 23 puff doughs, 20 raisins, 54 raisin paste, 56 rancidity, 40 reducing sugars, 29 rye, 27 salt, 33, 49, 70 sandwich creams, 32,43 savoury crackers, 20 semi-sweet biscuits, 5,20,21 short doughs, 20,21 sodium bicarbonate, 71 chloride see salt pyrophosphate, 71 sodium metabisulphite SMS, 63, 73 soya flour, 28 spices, 64, 65 starches, 27 sucrose, 29 sugar demerara, 29 liquid, 30 sultanas, 54 sweetness, 30 syrups, 30,36 glucose, 30, 31 Thompson seedless raisins, 54 vocational qualifications, 2 wafers, 20,22 82 Biscuit, cookie and cracker manufacturing manuals wheat flour, see flour whey powder, 47, 48 wholemeal flour, 17 yeast, 60 yoghurt, 50