本练习12月5日（第14周）评讲，请于此日期前做完 Exercises for unit 7—9 PartⅠVocabulary （0.5*40=20） I am _____ to take the opposite point of view. A. tended B. inclined C. intended D. declined I took it for _____ that you’d want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket. A. grant B. granting C. granted D. grand Under the leadship of that _____ old man, the nation withheld its perils. A. grand B. magnificent C. noble D. grant I ______ to publish the complete records of the investigation. A. propose B. purpose C. prone D. propel He failed in his attempt ______ first prize. A. at winning B. of winning C. for winning D. with winning He has achieved heights that I can never hope to _____ to . A. attain B. obtain C. attempt D. attend Her habit of tapping her fingers on the chair while she read the newspapers ______ him. A. annoyed B. irritated C. irrigated D. put out Bandits sometimes _____ difficulties for the police. A. pose B. discern C. distort D. refute The _____ of autumn was in the air and she went to fetch a coat. A. chill B. chilly C. chili D. chilling He _____ the speed limit and drove very fast. A. disregarded B. neglected C. ignored D. snubbed Such _____ the case, he had to confess to having stolen the money. A. was B. being C. be D. had been. The applause that Eliza received ______ all her hard work. A. proclaimed B. justified C. satisfied D. demonstrated This newspaper has a sporting _____. A. favor B. flavoring C. flavor D. flour Trees provide _____ from the sun. A. shelter B. refuge C. roof D. screen As a swarm of mosquitoes attacked them for hours _____, the enemy soldier could no longer hold on in their hiding place. A. in the end B. on end C. without end D. no end The city’s bright lights, theatres, films etc. are _____ that are hard to avoid. A. amusements B. entertainments C. leisure D. attractions I can _____ you of my full support for your plan. A. ensure B. insure C. convince D. assure The traditional approach _____ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems. A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal There is no very easy ______ to mathematics. A. approach B. way C. road D. shortcut The Smithsonian Institution has a wide _____ of objects on display. A. knowledge B. variety C. appendix D. selection Features such as height, weight, and skin color _____ from individual to individual and from face to face. A. change B. vary C. alter D. convert During observations made over a fifty-year period the power output of the sun has ____ than a few teats of one percent. A. varied by no more B. varied no more by C. not varied more by D. more varied by not _____ people have expressed disagreement with his recent proposal to go and spend their vacation in the country, so it is cancelled. A. Much B. Few C. Female D. Various He _____ his lesson about France with photographs of the people who live there. A. imitated B. conceived C. announced D. illustrated ______ a few faults, he is a trustworthy teacher. A. Take apart B. Set apart C. Put apart D. Apart from In the experiment they _____ a very cleat result. A. required b. acquired C. obtained D. attained An argument was _____ because they disliked each other so much. A. inevitable B. excessive C. conservative D. ridiculous Although he was on a diet, the food _____ him enormously. A. inspired B. tempted C. overcome D. encouraged The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ______ action. A. acute B. alert C. profound D. prompt The speech which he made _____ the project has bothered me greatly. A. concerned B. being concerned C. concerning D. be concerned China has launched several adult ______ campaigns to improve the quality of the populace. A. literacy B. economy C. information D. technology You can find a vast _____ on this subject in the library. A. books B. information C. literature D. literacy The teacher ______ me to call the roll. A. appreciated B. approached C. approved D. appointed The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident _____ two lorries. A. involving B. including C. combining D. containing I hate shopping during the Christmas ______ when everyone is buying present. A. rash B. rush C. hush D. hash Salt is as ______ as gold in many places. A. precious B. slight C. previous D. tremendous He had telegraphed _______ his coming. A. previous B. previously C. previous to D. previous before There is a _____ difference in meaning between the words surroundings and environment. A. gentle B. subtle C. feeble D. humble The sound of the TV downstairs ______ with my work. A. interfered B. interrupted C. intervened D. intruded He _____ the accident on the other driver. A. blames B. scolds C. condemns D. denounces Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （2*20=40） Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). You should choose the best choice. Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch(键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards he was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off(向……透露) the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled(耍弄 ) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants , and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. 41. It can be concluded from the passage that __________. A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today B) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions C) computer criminals can escape punishment because they can't be detected D) people commit computer crimes at the request their company 42. It is implied in the third paragraph that __________. A) many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered B) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem C) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes D) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their bad luck 43. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced. B) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information. C) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation D) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes. 44. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? A) With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job. B) They will be denied access to confidential records. C) They may walk away and easily find another job. D) They must leave the country or go to jail. 45. The passage is mainly about __________. A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections. B) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment C) how computer criminals manage to get good recommendation from their former employers D) why computer crimes can't be eliminated Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium(铀) in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could p rice nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power. 46. The writer's attitude toward nuclear energy is __________. A) indifferent B) favorable C) tolerant D) negative 47. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is true of nuclear energy? A) Primitive B) Exhaustible C) Cheap D) Unsafe 48. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because __________ . A) it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment B) it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution C) it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society D) nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff 49. Which of the following statements does the writer support? A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing. B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons. D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programmes. 50. The function of the last sentence is to __________. A) advance the final argument. B) reflect the writer's attitude. C) reverse previously expressed thoughts. D) show the disadvantages of nuclear power. Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer's background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people's impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated(疏远……) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person's education, background, or interests. People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits(套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or d rink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" an d "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming(打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, "An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won't get a job." 51. According to the passage, the way we dress __________. A) provides clues for people who are critical of us B) indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career C) has a direct influence on the way people regard us D) is of particular importance when we get on in age 52. From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can __________. A) change people's conservative attitudes toward their lifestyle B) help young people make friends with the opposite sex C) make them competitive in the job market D) help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships 53. The word "precedent" (Line 1, Para.4) probably refers to __________ . A) early acts for men to follow as examples B) particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance C) things that men should agree upon D) men's beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided 54. According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situations because __________. A) the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to choose B) women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion models C) men are more favorably judged for managerial positions D) they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing 55. What is the passage mainly about? A) Dressing for effect. B) How to dress appropriately. C) Managerial positions and clothing. D) Dressing for the occasion. Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage: The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization. Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, Coca-Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at bi g companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales(障眼物) have dropped fro m their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporation s deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead-that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She adds, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down(使不突出) their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. 56. According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (Line 2, Para.1) probably refers to "__________". A) criticisms that shape everyone's experience B) the opinions which contradict the established beliefs C) the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye D) the ideas which usually come up with usually come up with new ways of management in the organization 57. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to __________. A) let your superiors know how good you are B) project a favorable image to the people around you C) work as a consultant to your superiors D) perform well your tasks given by your superiors 58. The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they __________. A) know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion B) want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs C) don't want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color D) believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color 59. The author is of the opinion that Coleman's beliefs are __________ . A) biased B) popular C) insightful D) superficial 60. The best title for this passage would be __________. A) Role of Women and Minorities in Management B) The Importance of Being Visible C) Job Performance and Advancement D) Sex and Career Success Part three: translation （2*10=20） Directions: translate the following sentences into English. 史密斯太太认为妇女理应下厨房做饭，因而从不允许家里任何人来取而代之。 万一出现紧急情况， 将用直升飞机把抢救队送至事故现场。 这些测试结果表明，你很有音乐天赋。 他们日以继夜地在实验室工作了整整一个月，不料却发现他们在做根本无法做成的事。 除夕夜，全镇的姑娘和小伙子都在尽情地唱歌跳舞。 在纽约的大街上，你可以看见各种各样的人，他们有着不同的肤色，来自不同的阶层。 带上伞或雨衣，以免下雨着凉。 “有志者，事竟成，没有秘诀可言。”杰克博士说。 中央政府对洪灾地区可能爆发的疾病流行深表关切。 李教授以一段幽默故事结束了讲课。 Part four: writing (20) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes t o write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 为什么说"欲速则不达"。 2. 试举例说明。 本练习12月12日（第15周）评讲，请于此日期前做完。 Grammar: Tense 考点一：根据句与句之间的关系判定时态 1. As we ______ that bad weather lay ahead, our Captain changed course. A. are warned B. has been warned C. warned D. had been warned 2. The moment he mailed the letter, he was sorry that he ________. A. had written it B. had it written C. had been writing D. was writing it 3. The mother didn’t know who _______ for the broken glass. A. will blame B. blamed C. to blame D. blames 4. Ten new members have been enrolled and seven _______. A. resigned B. have resigned C. have been resigned D. have had resigned 5. I was to have made a speech if _______. A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called my away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away 6. Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone ______ them. A. discovered B. will discover C. would have discovered D. discovers 考点二：根据时间状语确定时态 7. A long time ago, Iving ________ in London for five years. A. had lived B. lived C. has lived D. has been living 8. He came to work at our college twenty years ________ today. A. before B. since C. from D. ago 9. How can I concentrate if you _______ continually ______ me with silly questions? （41/1997） A. have … interrupted B. had … interrupted C. are …interrupting D. were …interrupting 10. By the time you get to New York, I ________ for London. A. would be leaving B. am leaving C. have already left D. shall have left 11. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we _______ here for two days. A A. will have stayed B. shall stay C. have been staying D. have stayed 12. By the end of the year all but two people ______. A have left B. will leave C. will be leaving D. will have left 13. The conference ______ a full week by the time it ends. A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted 14. My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there ______ by then. A. would have B. will have left C. has left D. had left 15. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _______ by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be rising D. has been rising 16. He came back late, _______which time all the guests had already left. A. after B. by C. at D. during 17. By the end of this month, we surely _______ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A. have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding 18. It seems oil ______ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking 19. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ________ too long. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read 20. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _______ today and are being modified by the work of scientist of our time A. are to challenge B. many be challenge C. have been challenged D. are challenging 21. Ever since Picasso’s went on exhibit, there ______ large crowds at the museum every day. A. is B. has been C. have been D. are being 22. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ________ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. would have been. 23. Until then, his family ________ from him for six months. A. didn’t hear B. hasn’t been hearing C. hasn’t heard D. hadn’t heard 24. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, ________ from the sort of candles used only in churches. A. had come B. coming C. come D. that came 考点三：考查时态间的区别 25. Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he _______ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave. A. has worked B. works C. has been working D. is working 考点四：根据语境考查时态 26. “ I bought this shirt for 35 yuan yesterday.” “ It’s on sale today for only 29. You should have waited.” “ Oh really? But how _______ I know?” （48/1993） A. would B. can C. did D. do 27. -- “May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight?” -- “I’m sorry. Mr. Williams _______ to a conference long before then.” A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone